Chapter 27 Vocab: Traditions and Encounters 5th Edition

Qizilbash

"red heads", Turkish tribes that were important allies of Shah Ismail in the formation of the Safavid Empire

Taj Mahal

A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife.

Shah Jahan

Akbar's grandson

Millet

An autonomous, self-governing community in the Ottoman empire

Steppe Tradition

Autocratic emperors, problems with royal succession, Ottoman emperors could legally kill brothers

Twelver Shiism

Branch of Islam that stressed that there were 12 perfect religious leaders after Muhammad and the 12th went into hiding and would return someday; Shah Ismail spread this variety through the Safavid empire

Akbar

Brilliant charismatic leader (1556-1605), created a centralized and absolutist government; expanded to southern India; encoraged religious tolerance

Isfahan

Capital of the Safavid Empire.

Mehmed II

Captured Constantinople (1453); expanded empire to other regions

Jesuits of Goa

Center for Christian missions, welcomed Akbar (not interested)

Constantinople

Conquered by Ottomans, became Istanbul

Shah Ismail

Founder of Safavid Empire

Topaki

Housed government offices and Sultans residence

Mughal Empire

Islamic dynasty that ruled India from the 16th century through the 18th; construction of Taj Mahal representative of their splendor; with the exception of the enlightened reign of Akbar, the increasing conflict between Hindus and Muslims was another one of their legacies

Ghazi

Islamic religious warrior

Safavids

Later Persian Empire (1501-1722) that was founded by Shah Ismail and that became a center for Shiism; empire reached its peak under Shah Abbas and centered on the Capital of Isfahan

Divine Faith

One of Akbar's attempts to reconcile Muslim and Hindu people; a combination of Muslim, Hindu, Zoroastrian, Christian and Sikh; new form of religion where the emperor was infallible because he was guided in his every decision by God

Suleyman the Magnificent

Ottoman Turkish Ruler (1520-1566) most powerful/wealthy ruler of the 16th century; built powerful navy; expanded to central Europe and Southwest Asia

Piri Reis

Ottoman cartographer who gathered European maps

Devshrime

Ottoman requirement that the Christians in the Balkans provide young boys to be slaves to the sultan

Janissaries

Ottoman slave soldiers, mostly Christian youths, who defended the Ottoman Empire and wore uniforms, were paid in cash as regular soldiers, and marched to distinctive music.

Ottomans

Powerful Turkish empire that lasted from the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 until 1918 and reached its peak during the reign of Suleyman the Magnificent

Ottoman Navy

Powerful; challenge European fleets

Shah Abbas the Great

Revitalized the Safavid Empire (1588-1629), modernized military, sought for European allies against the Ottomans

Battle of Chaldrian

Sunni Ottomans persucuted Shiites wihtin Ottoman Empire

Jizya

Tax in Islamic empires that imposed on non-Muslims

Fatehpur Sikri

city that served as Akbar's capital from 1569-1585, constructed by Mughal architects out of red sandstone and white marble in honor of Sheikh Salim Chisti