Chapter 28 (2/2)

Hetch Hetchy Valley (Identify the historical significance) a. All choices are correct. b. Allowed for the irrigation of land in the southeastern part of the United States. c. This was a victory to preservationists, who wished to protect the Yosemite National Park, where the dam was located. d. The federal government allowed the city of San Francisco to build a dam here in 1913.

d. The federal government allowed the city of San Francisco to build a dam here in 1913.

The 1911 fire in the Triangle Shirtwaist factory directly resulted in the a. the deaths of only female employees in the fire. b. decline in political machines in New York. c. decline of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. d. push for comprehensive safety laws. e. outlawing of sweatshops in New York.

d. push for comprehensive safety laws.

True or False: Candidates committed to reform dominated the popular vote. True False

True

True or False: Wilson's support was strongest in the South. True False

True

Hiram W. Johnson (Identify the historical significance) a. All choices are correct. b. Elected Republican governor of California in 1910, Johnson oversaw numerous progressive reforms, including the passage of woman suffrage at the state level. c. In 1917 he entered the Senate, where he proved an isolationist in foreign affairs. d. He is famous for declaring that "the first casualty when war comes is truth."

a. All choices are correct.

Which of President Taft's initiatives infuriated former President Roosevelt? a. An antitrust act against the U.S. Steel Corporation. b. The practice of dollar diplomacy. c. The creation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. d. The dissolution of the Standard Oil Company. e. The Supreme Court's famous "rule of reason."

a. An antitrust act against the U.S. Steel Corporation.

Elkins Act (Identify the historical significance) a. Law passed by Congress to impose penalties on railroads that offered rebates and customers who accepted them. b. The Hepburn Act of 1915 added free passes to the list of railroad no-no's. c. All choices are correct. d. The law strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1900.

a. Law passed by Congress to impose penalties on railroads that offered rebates and customers who accepted them.

New Nationalism (Identify the historical significance) a. Roosevelt sought to create stronger regulatory agencies to ensure that they operated to serve the public interest, not just private gain. b. All choices are correct. c. State-interventionist reform program devised by journalist Herbert Croly and advocated by Woodrow Wilson during his presidential campaign. d. Roosevelt objected to continued consolidation of trusts and labor unions.

a. Roosevelt sought to create stronger regulatory agencies to ensure that they operated to serve the public interest, not just private gain.

Brownsville Affair (Identify the historical significance) a. Roosevelt's actions disillusioned many African Americans, who began to wonder if his progressivism stopped at the color line. In 1972 Congress belatedly exonerated the men, all but one of whom were deceased. b. Following the shooting of two white men on August 13, 1906, residents of Brownsville, Texas, blamed the Mexican American soldiers from the segregated 25th Infantry Regiment stationed at nearby Fort Brown. c. Despite only tenuous evidence linking them to the crime, President Theodore Roosevelt ordered the honorable discharge of more than 150 of the "buffalo soldiers," stripping them of their pensions and barring them from employment in federal civil service jobs. d. All choices are correct.

a. Roosevelt's actions disillusioned many African Americans, who began to wonder if his progressivism stopped at the color line. In 1972 Congress belatedly exonerated the men, all but one of whom were deceased.

All of the following were true of dollar diplomacy except: a. Taft proved reluctant to use the lever of American investments to boost American political interests abroad. b. Washington encouraged Wall Street bankers to send surplus dollars into foreign areas of strategic concern to the United States, especially in the Far East and in the regions critical to the security of the Panama Canal. c. By preempting investors from rival powers, New York bankers would strengthen American defenses and foreign policies while bringing further prosperity to their homeland—and to themselves. d. Bankers pumped funds into Honduras and Haiti to keep out foreign investment. e. The almighty dollar supplanted the big stick.

a. Taft proved reluctant to use the lever of American investments to boost American political interests abroad.

Which of the following objectives was NOT considered part of Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal? a. expanding America's international influence b. protecting business from extreme union demands c. controlling the corporations d. conserving America's natural resources e. providing consumer protection

a. expanding America's international influence

Which of the following is NOT an example of a political reform made during the Progressive Era? a. party nominating conventions b. the referendum c. the initiative d. the recall e. the direct election of senators

a. party nominating conventions

Gifford Pinchot (Identify the historical significance) a. A friend of William Howard Taft, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation's natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion on the Republican ticket. b. A friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation's natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion on the Republican ticket. c. A friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Ocean Research and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation's natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion on the Republican ticket. d. A friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation's natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion on the Democratic ticket.

b. A friend of Theodore Roosevelt, Pinchot was the head of the federal Division of Forestry and a noted conservationist who wanted to protect, but also use, the nation's natural resources, such as forests and rivers. In 1922 he won election to the Pennsylvania governor's mansion on the Republican ticket.

Florence Kelly (Identify the historical significance) a. he most eminent woman in the muckraking movement and one of the most respected business historians of her generation. b. A tireless crusader for women's and labor rights, Kelley was Illinois's first chief factory inspector and a leader of the National Consumers League, an organization dedicated to improving working conditions for women and children. Kelley also went on to help found the NAACP. c. This noted naturalist split with conservationists like Gifford Pinchot by trying to protect natural "temples" like the Hetch Hetchy Valley from development. d. This pious leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union wished to eliminate the sale of alcohol and thereby "make the world more homelike."

b. A tireless crusader for women's and labor rights, Kelley was Illinois's first chief factory inspector and a leader of the National Consumers League, an organization dedicated to improving working conditions for women and children. Kelley also went on to help found the NAACP.

Dollar Diplomacy (Identify the historical significance) a. First applied to the financing of railways in China after 1909, the policy then spread to Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. b. All choices are correct. c. President Woodrow Wilson disavowed the practice, but his administration undertook comparable acts of intervention in support of U.S. business interests, especially in Latin America. d. Name applied by President Taft's critics to the policy of supporting U.S. investments and political interests abroad.

b. All choices are correct.

Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire (Identify the historical significance) a. The incident sparked widespread outrage and inspired legislation to improve workplace safety. b. All choices are correct. c. On March 25, 1911, a ferocious blaze broke out in the Triangle Shirtwaist Company factory in New York City, resulting in 146 worker deaths. d. When it was later determined that the fatalities could have been avoided by adhering to proper fire codes—such as leaving the stairwell and exit doors unlocked.

b. All choices are correct.

How did President Taft anger progressive Republicans? a. By opening public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska to corporate development. b. By signing the Payne-Aldrich Bill. c. By maintaining President Roosevelt's policies d. By proclaiming a new doctrine known as New Nationalism. e. By speaking out against the National Progressive Republican League.

b. By signing the Payne-Aldrich Bill.

All of the following were included in Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom platform except: a. Tariff reductions. b. More government regulation of large trusts. c. Banking reform. d. Protection for small business enterprises from monopolies. e. Stronger antitrust legislation.mmitment to banking reform than Wilson did.

b. More government regulation of large trusts.

What was the United States' first serious step toward conservation? a. The organization of the Sierra Club. b. The Forest Reserve Act. c. The creation of the federal Division of Forestry. d. The building of the Hetch Hetchy dam. e. The Newlands Act.

b. The Forest Reserve Act.

Wilson won an overwhelming electoral victory in 1912 with 82% of the electoral vote, but he did so with only 41.9% of the popular vote. Which of the following statements best explains why Wilson's electoral and popular vote margins were so different? a. Voters were strongly supportive of Wilson's style of leadership but much less supportive of the positions he took on the issues. b. The presence of another progressive candidate sapped some of Wilson's support in the popular vote but made it easier for him to win the most votes in nearly every state. c. Wilson was far more popular among regular Democratic voters than he was among local party leaders.

b. The presence of another progressive candidate sapped some of Wilson's support in the popular vote but made it easier for him to win the most votes in nearly every state.

Payne-Aldrich Bill (Identify the historical significance) a. While intended to lower tariff rates, this bill was eventually revised beyond all recognition, retaining high rates on most imports. President Roosevelt angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it "the best bill that the Republican party ever passed." b. While intended to lower tariff rates, this bill was eventually revised beyond all recognition, retaining high rates on most imports. President Taft angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it "the best bill that the Republican party ever passed." c. While intended to raise tariff rates, this bill was eventually revised beyond all recognition, retaining high rates on most imports. President Taft angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it "the best bill that the Republican party ever passed." d. None of the choices are correct.

b. While intended to lower tariff rates, this bill was eventually revised beyond all recognition, retaining high rates on most imports. President Taft angered the progressive wing of his party when he declared it "the best bill that the Republican party ever passed."

john Muir (Identify the historical significance) a. In 1892 he founded the Sierra Club, which is now one of the most influential conservation organizations in the United States. b. His writings and philosophy shaped the formation of the modern environmental movement. c. All choices are correct. d. This noted naturalist split with conservationists like Gifford Pinchot by trying to protect natural "temples" like the Hetch Hetchy Valley from development.

c. All choices are correct.

Why didn't President Roosevelt run for reelection in 1908? a. The Panic of 1907 had made him so unpopular that he could not be reelected. b. He felt that William Howard Taft deserved a chance to take the Republican Party in a different direction. c. He felt bound by his 1904 campaign pledge that he would serve only one more term. d. His ill health convinced him he was unfit to stay in office. e. He had already served two full terms and opposed the idea of a third term.

c. He felt bound by his 1904 campaign pledge that he would serve only one more term.

All of the following were true of President William Taft except: a. He had none of the arts of a dashing political leader and none of Roosevelt's zest for the fray. b. He was a poor judge of public opinion, and his candor made him a chronic victim of "foot-in-mouth" disease. c. His political skill was displayed during his successful battle to lower the tariff in 1909. d. He had established a good reputation as a lawyer and a judge. e. He suffered from lethal political handicaps.

c. His political skill was displayed during his successful battle to lower the tariff in 1909.

Frances E. Willard (Identify the historical significance) a. She promoted that all women should stay at home and do whatever their husband desired. b. Her ecumenical "do everything" reform sensibility encouraged some women to take the leap toward more radical causes like women soldiers while allowing more conservative women to stick comfortably with educational work. c. This pious leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union wished to eliminate the sale of alcohol and thereby "make the world more homelike." d. None of the choices are correct.

c. This pious leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union wished to eliminate the sale of alcohol and thereby "make the world more homelike."

Both the Elkin's Act and Hepburn Act increased the government's ability to a. control the flow of immigrants into the United States. b. limit the power of corrupt political machines. c. regulate unfair business practices by railroads. d. use federal troops to break strikes. e. limit child labor in mines and factories.

c. regulate unfair business practices by railroads.

New Freedom (Identify the historical significance) a. Platform of reforms advocated by Woodrow Wilson in his first presidential campaign. b. Wilson's platform included stronger antitrust legislation to protect small business enterprises from monopolies, banking reform, and tariff reductions. c. Wilson's strategy involved taking action to increase opportunities for capitalist competition rather than increasing government regulation of large trusts. d. All choices are correct.

d. All choices are correct.

What reform program did Theodore Roosevelt advocate for during his Bull Moose campaign? a. Conservation b. The National Progressive Republican League c. New Freedom d. New Nationalism e. Socialism

d. New Nationalism

Which of the following statements best explain the difference between the platforms of Roosevelt and Wilson? a. Roosevelt favored an activist federal government, while Wilson held a laissez-faire view. b. Roosevelt favored social welfare programs, while Wilson rejected such programs. c. Roosevelt wanted a much larger amount of federal regulation than Wilson did. d. Roosevelt had a much bigger commitment to banking reform than Wilson did.

d. Roosevelt had a much bigger commitment to banking reform than Wilson did.

What divided conservationists in the early twentieth century? a. The Newlands Act. b. President Roosevelt setting aside 125 million acres in federal reserves. c. The creation of Yosemite National Park. d. The Hetch Hetchy incident. e. The Forest Reserve Act.

d. The Hetch Hetchy incident.