Chapter 28

Which of the following statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle?

Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs

Which plant group is notable for the independence of gametophyte and sporophyte generations from each other?

Ferns

Which of the following statements best supports the hypothesis that flowers of angiosperms are adaptations that increase fertilization success in terrestrial environments?

Flowers attract pollinators to increase pollination success

Molecular phylogenies show all land plants are a monophyletic group. This suggests____________.

There was a single transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats

Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as Bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they have in common?

They require water for reproduction

Which of the following should have gene sequences most similar to the charophyte that was the common ancestor of land plants?

Early bryophytes

Biologists hypothesize that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit. Which of the following statements support this hypothesis?

To obtain water, the first land plants had to keep their tissues in direct contact with moist soil

Plant gametangia are multicellular (T/F)

True

Plant gametangia are multicellular(T/F)

True

Put these vascular tissues into order based on their appearance in evolutionary time.

Water conducting cells lined with cellulose Water conducting cells lined with lignin Tracheids Vessel Elements

Which of the following is a trend in the history of land plants?

a reduction in the size of the gametophyte phase of the life cycle

The function of flower petals is to___________.

aid in attracting a pollinator

Many pharmaceuticals have been derived from land plants. These chemicals are used in plants mainly as_________.

defense against herbivores and parasites

According to the fossil record, plant colonized terrestrial habitats________.

in conjunction with fungi that helped provide them with nutrients from the soil

The functional role of sporopollenin is primarily to ___________.

reduce dehydration

An angiosperm seed has an endosperm. The endosperm is _______.

3N

Place these groups of plants in order of species diversity from most diverse to least diverse

Angiosperms Seedless non-vascular Seedless vascular Gymnosperms

Which of the following statements about seed plants is true?

Angiosperms have more species diversity than other taxa of land plants

Which of the following structures in a flower are considered male?

Anther, Filament, Stamen

Which of the following is TRUE of the life cycle of mosses?

Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes

A plant's stem cells occur in which tissue?

Apical meristem

Over human history, which process has been most important in improving the features of plants long used by humans as staple foods?

Artificial selection

If a fern gametophyte has both male and female gametangia on the same plant, then it____________.

Belongs to a species that is homosporous

Identify the correct pollination syndrome.

Carrion flowers produce molecules that smell like rotting flesh to attract flies.

____________ are the closest protist relative of land plants.

Charophyceans

The following are advantages of a multicellular diploid generation EXCEPT

Dependence on water

In alternation of generations the sporophyte is

Diploid (2N)

Angiosperm means "naked seed" (T/F)

False

Apical meristems only occur above ground (T/F)

False

Double fertilization refers to the union of the gametes and spores (T/F)

False

In bryophytes sperm must have water to swim from the archegonia to the antheridia (T/F)

False

In plants, which of the following are produced by meiosis?

Haploid spores

What is TRUE about the genus Sphagnum?

It is an important carbon sink, reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide

Which of the following lines of evidence would best support your assertion that a particular plant is an angiosperm?

It lacks gametangia

Which of the following occurs in vascular land plants but not charophytes?

Lignin

The phrase "Alternation of Generations" refers to sexual life cycles that alternate between haploid (N) and diploid (2N) conditions, but only when both stages are_________.

Multicellular

Which of the following flower parts develops into a fruit?

Ovary

Which of the following flower structures are considered female?

Ovary, Stigma, Style

Which structure is common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms?

Ovule

What essential ecosystem service is provided by land plants?

Plants perform oxygenic photosynthesis

All land plants have a life cycle featuring alternation of generations. Which of the following statements is true regarding the similarities or differences in roles played by the following life-cycle stages, all of which are visible to the naked eye and commonly seen in nature: pine trees, leafy ferns, beds of mosses, and a flowering rose bush?

Rose bushes, ferns and pine trees produce spores. The commonly visible stage of mosses releases gametes

This structure is called ________ and is found on _______ sporophytes.

Sporangium, fern

A botanist discovers a new species of land plant with a dominant sporophyte, chlorophylls a and b, and cell walls made of cellulose. In assigning this plant to a phylum, which of the following, if present, would be LEAST useful?

Spores

Which of the following stages (in alternation of generations) is diploid (2N)?

Sporophyte

Arrange the following structures, which can be found on male pine trees, from the largest structure to the smallest structure (or from most inclusive to least inclusive).

Sporophyte Pollen Cone Microsporangia Microspores Pollen Nuclei

The fruit of the mistletoe, a parasitic angiosperm, is a one-seeded berry. In members of the genus Viscum, the outside of the seed is sticky, which permits the seed to adhere to surfaces such as the branches of host plants or the beaks of birds. What should be expected of the fruit if the stickiness of the seed is primarily an adaption for dispersal rather than an adaption for infecting host plant tissues? It should________.

be nutritious to the dispersing organism

How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms?

by facilitating the dispersal of seeds

Plant cell walls are composed of

cellulose

Which group of seedless vascular plants was the first to evolve roots?

club mosses

Which of the following features of how seedless land plants get sperm to egg are the same as for some of their algal ancestors?

flagellated sperm swim to the eggs in a water drop

This structure is a member of the phylum Pteridophyte, which produces

gametes by mitosis

The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably_______.

green algae

Where are you LEAST likely to see green algae?

growing independently on a dry rock in a meadow

Because they are morphologically simple, Psilotophyta (whisk ferns) have traditionally thought to be a basal group in the radiation of land plants. Moleculary phylogenies have challenged this hypothesis and support the alternative hypothesis that they____________.

have lost complex structures in this lineage

Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick. What does this imply about moss gametophytes and their structure?

they can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atomosphere

Xylem transports materials __________ and phloem transports materials ________.

up, down

What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land?

waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves