Chapter 28 Multiple Choice
Approximately how many soldiers died as a result of the carnage of World War I? Select one: a. 20 million b. One million c. 10 million d. Five million e. Two million
a
By 1915, conflict on the Western Front Select one: a. had settled into a deadly stalemate in which hundreds of thousands of lives were expended for a few feet of trench. b. had resulted in massive food shortages in both France and Great Britain. c. had become a shifting game of rapid maneuver with few major battles. d. had resulted in the surrender of France and the establishment of the Vichy government. e. had resulted in victory for the British and French troops, who pushed the exhausted enemy to the borders of Germany.
a
Egypt is the one country in the Afro-Asian world in which Select one: a. the emergence of nationalism preceded European conquest and domination. b. decolonization occurred in the 19th century. c. both peasants and the educated elite form a secular nationalist party under Nasser. d. decolonization failed to occur until the 1980s. e. European countries failed to establish a colonial base until after World War I.
a
On the Italian front, the primary combatants were Italy and Select one: a. Austria-Hungary. b. Ottoman Turks. c. France. d. Russia. e. Germany.
a
The earliest result of World War I was the (A) rise of the United States as a great power. (B) beginning of European decolonization. (C) rise of Japan to great power status. (D) Great Depression. (E) collapse of all European empires.
a
The radical wing of the Congress Party under B. G. Tilak proposed what formula as the basis for the party's political program? Select one: a. An appeal to conservative Hinduism, including boycotts of British goods, full independence, use of Hindu festivals as opportunities for rallies, and opposition to women's education b. Emphasis on Muslim teachings, particularly the need to put off British cultural influence c. An appeal to unity among the Christians, Buddhists, and Muslims of India d. A reform program intended to remove cultural limitations on women e. An appeal to leading British industrialists and to Parliament itself to plead their case along with a propaganda campaign using the British press and media to persuade the common English voter
a
Which nation joined the Triple Entente alliance in the early 1900s (and to complete the alliance)? Select one: a. Britain b. France c. Germany d. Russia e. Italy
a
Which of the following statements concerning the early nationalist movements of Africa is most accurate? Select one: a. The early leadership of pan-African organizations was more often American and West Indian than African. b. Pan-Africanism, linking all Africans in a single national movement for independence, was the most successful apparatus for achieving decolonization. c. Most African nationalist movements were split between Muslim and Christian ideals. d. French-speaking west Africans tended to concentrate their efforts at political representation within their colonies. e. By the mid-1920s, racist views of African society were becoming more strident, and most Europeans refused to countenance the concept of a progressive African culture.
a
Who was the first Indian nationalist leader with a genuine mass following? Select one: a. B. G. Tilak b. M. K. Gandhi c. J. Nehru d. M. A. Jinnah e. Indira Gandhi
a
Approximately how long did World War I last? Select one: a. About two years b. About four years c. About six years d. About one year e. About three years
b
Between 1914 and 1917, warfare on the Eastern Front Select one: a. had reached a stalemate. b. was as bloody as the Western Front. c. featured bloody trench warfare in which almost no land changed hands. d. pitted the forces of Russia and Austria-Hungary against the invading Germans. e. resulted in the Serbian knockout of the Austrian forces.
b
In what region of India was the terrorist movement most concentrated before World War I? Select one: a. Ceylon b. Bengal c. Deccan plateau d. Punjab e. Bombay
b
It was inevitable that conflict in Europe would become a world war because (A) Great Britain and France had existing alliances with Japan and the United States. (B) the European combatants had colonies and forces around the world. (C) Germany attacked China and Japan. (D) Germany had alliances with Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico. (E) the United States was heavily invested in German industry and protected its ally.
b
The immediate cause for the outbreak of World War I was (A) a naval race between Germany and Great Britain. (B) the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand. (C) colonial disputes over Morocco. (D) conflicting alliances. (E) the Industrial Revolution.
b
What was the region of Europe that produced the most diplomatic crises prior to World War I? Select one: a. Spain b. The Balkans c. Italy d. Iberian peninsula e. Scandinavia
b
Which of the following groups did NOT benefit from the British economic reforms in Egypt? Select one: a. The Egyptian bourgeoisie b. The peasants c. The khedives d. The Turco-Egyptian political elite e. The ayan
b
Which of the following statements concerning the leadership of the decolonization movement in India just prior to World War I is most correct? Select one: a. The assassination of Gandhi led to a split between Muslim moderates and more extreme Congress Party leaders. b. Tilak's removal and the repression campaigns against terrorists, along with British reforms, strengthened the hands of the Western-educated moderates in the Congress Party. c. Leadership was assumed by more radical members of the Congress Party such as Tilak just before 1914. d. It is difficult, if not impossible, to identify leadership in the fragmented Congress Party of 1914. e. The Congress party lost its leadership role to the Socialist Party, which was more willing to court the masses of the Indian peasantry.
b
Which of the following was NOT a feature of war on home fronts between 1914 and 1919? Select one: a. Governments organized the major sectors of the economy to ration resources and production. b. Strict government regulation prevented material shortages and famine. c. Union leadership served on industrial production boards designed to increase production. d. Governments controlled public opinion through manipulation of mass media such as newspapers. e. Executive branches of government increasingly took over from parliaments.
b
Which of the following was NOT an event leading to the outbreak of World War I? Select one: a. The rise of the alliance system b. France's invasion of Belgium c. The assassination of the Austrian archduke d. The mobilization of the Russian army e. Austria's declaration of war on Serbia
b
Which of the following was NOT included in the final set of treaties that ended World War I? Select one: a. Austria-Hungary was divided up into a Germanic Austria as well as the independent states of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. b. Russia was rewarded for its service to the Allies by the grant of substantial territories in Poland and the Baltic republics. c. Germany was forced to accept blame for the war and to pay huge reparations to the victorious Allies. d. Poland was created from eastern German territory. e. A League of Nations was formed, but the United States refused to join.
b
By the last years of the 19th century, the Congress Party in India was appealing to Select one: a. women. b. peasants. c. investors and businessmen. d. untouchables. e. laborers.
c
In 1885, regional associations of Western-educated Indians came together to form the Select one: a. Muslim League. b. Liberal Party. c. Indian National Congress Party. d. Indian Socialist Workers Party. e. Revolutionary Nationalist Party.
c
The British first occupied Egypt following the Orabi revolt in Select one: a. 1805. b. 1914. c. 1882. d. 1902 e. 1867.
c
The biggest battles outside of Europe during World War I occurred in (A) African colonies of Europe. (B) East Asia, where Japan and China fought each other. (C) the Middle East, where the Turks fought Britain, Russia, and France. (D) the Pacific, where Germany and Japan fought to control key islands. (E) Latin America, where Mexico invaded the United States.
c
The principle of Woodrow Wilson that influenced future decolonization was (A) immediate independence for all colonies. (B) evacuation of all occupied territories. (C) popular self-determination. (D) reparations for war damages. (E) the League of Nations.
c
What group within Egypt took up the cause of national independence and decolonization? Select one: a. The ayan b. The khedives c. Sons of the effendi d. The peasants e. The Turco-Egyptian political elite
c
Which of the following statements concerning British administration of India in the last decades of the 19th century is most accurate? (A) The British demilitarization of India caused substantial unemployment. (B) The enlightened British policy, begun in the 1880s, of fostering Indian industrialization through tariffs on imported British goods began to improve the Indian economy. (C) British emphasis on the production of cash crops such as jute, cotton, and indigo led to shortages of food production in India. (D) Indian economic dependency on Britain was beginning to end, as more of the steel for production of railways was produced on the subcontinent. (E) India never had a strict dependency on the British.
c
A large portion of the government of India's budget went to all of the following EXCEPT Select one: a. high salaries and pensions of British administrators. b. the purchase of railway equipment and steel from Great Britain. c. public works projects to improve the Indian infrastructure. d. state support for the development of Indian industries. e. the huge Indian army, often engaged outside of India.
d
Before their surrender, the German generals running the government Select one: a. attempted to negotiate through Lenin and the communists in Russia. b. murdered the emperor and named Hitler chancellor. c. overthrew the civilian government and established a military dictatorship. d. installed a new civilian government to shoulder the blame of defeat. e. issued a statement accepting blame for the policies that had led to World War I.
d
British occupation of Egypt meant double colonization, by the British and Select one: a. the Germans. b. the French. c. the Arabs. d. the Turks. e. the Italians
d
By 1913, the British Select one: a. had built a canal in Egypt between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. b. had eliminated resistance to their regime in Egypt. c. had granted full independence to Egypt. d. granted a constitution to Egyptian nationalists. e. had withdrawn from Egypt.
d
Germany's leaders counted on what to help them overwhelm the Belgians and French? Select one: a. Diplomacy b. Use of air power c. Small, but lightning-quick armies d. Their country's superb railway system e. Submarine warfare
d
In what year did the German forces on the Western Front agree to end the fighting? Select one: a. 1920 b. 1916 c. 1919 d. 1918 e. 1917
d
Prior to World War I, what was the primary difference between Egyptian and the Indian nationalist movements? Select one: a. The Egyptian nationalist movement was dominated by peasantry, while in India Western-educated lawyers ran the movement. b. The Egyptian nationalist movement had aligned itself with Lenin and the Bolsheviks while the Indian nationalist movement had remained independent. c. Whereas India had been dominated by the British since the 18th century, Europeans played no role in Egyptian colonialism. d. In India a single political party dominated the nationalist movement, but in Egypt a variety of rival parties proliferated. e. Egypt lacked an educated elite capable of assuming leadership of the nationalist movement.
d
The British promised support for a Jewish settlement in the Middle East in the Select one: a. Fourteen Points. b. Sinai Resolution. c. Chamberlain Manifesto. d. Balfour Declaration. e. Exodus Pact.
d
The Indian National Congress Party (A) was composed primarily of peasants and Muslim holy men. (B) from the outset took part in acts of violence against the British Raj. (C) included only Hindus. (D) was initially loyal to the British rulers and primarily concerned with the interests of the Indian elite. (E) was a radical faction devoted to the ousting of British rule by any means needed.
d
The influence of technology on modern warfare is demonstrated by all of these developments in World War I EXCEPT: (A) submarines. (B) airplanes and aerial warfare. (C) the destructive power of artillery and machine guns. (D) mechanized warfare as demonstrated during the Blitzkrieg. (E) poisonous gases and barbed wire.
d
What British political officer dominated government policy in Egypt after 1882 and pushed for economic reforms intended to reduce the Khedival debt? Select one: a. Lord Bentinck b. Lord Afton c. General Gordon d. Lord Cromer e. Lord Balfour
d
What British reform in 1909 provided educated Indians with expanded opportunities both to elect and to serve on local and all-India legislative councils? Select one: a. The Cornwallis Commission b. The Halstead-Coleman reforms c. The Bentinck reforms d. The Morley-Minto reforms e. Rowlatt Act
d
What made colonial regimes particularly vulnerable to challenges from within in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? Select one: a. The dependence of plantation economies on the West b. Their dependence on European military forces c. Efforts of communist-based movements to appeal to the peasant classes d. Colonial governments were built in collaboration with indigenous elite groups. e. The growing industrialization of colonial societies
d
What two European powers were directly involved in the Balkan diplomacy? Select one: a. Germany and Russia b. Russia and Britain c. France and Austria-Hungary d. Russia and Austria-Hungary e. Italy and Austria-Hungary
d
What was the Dinshawai incident? Select one: a. A party of Egyptian guerillas destroyed much of the Egyptian railway system. b. The British tore down an Islamic mosque in order to construct a cathedral. c. Discovery of bribes paid by British officials to Turkish khedives d. The accidental shooting of the wife of a Muslim prayer leader by British officers e. A group of British officers was imprisoned in a great hole in Khartoum.
d
What was the outcome of the Dinshawai incident in Egypt? Select one: a. The British were forced to suppress a revolt led by the Mahdi in the Sudan. b. The British established a mandate in Egypt, leading to the creation of the first democracy in the Middle East. c. The British withdrew from Egypt prior to World War I. d. Mass support, including the emergence of ayan allegiance, for the national cause grew in Egypt. e. Islamic mullahs began to preach against the nationalist movement.
d
Which of the following countries did NOT have colonies outside Europe at the outbreak of the war? Select one: a. Britain b. Spain c. France d. Austria-Hungary e. Italy
d
Which of the following statements concerning the global aspects of World War I is most accurate? Select one: a. The United States aggressively entered the war in 1914 to demonstrate its new position as a world power. b. Germany discouraged colonial nationalists in their struggle against British imperialism. c. By 1914, the United States had not entered the scramble for colonial possessions. d. American businessmen prior to 1917 profited by selling goods to both sides and by taking advantage of European distractions to seize new world markets. e. The British dominions, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand remained aloof and virtually untouched by the war.
d
Who was the first Indian leader with a genuine mass following? (A) J. Nehru (B) M. K. Gandhi (C) M. A. Jinnah (D) B. G. Tilak (E) C. J. Bodisramda
d
As a direct consequence of the war Select one: a. women's participation in the labor force increased only slightly. b. women's participation in the labor force decreased significantly. c. women's participation in the labor force decreased only slightly d. women's participation in the labor force stayed basically at the same levels. e. women's participation in the labor force increased greatly.
e
By 1917 the war on the Eastern Front Select one: a. had developed into trench warfare similar to the Western Front. b. was resolved by a peace treaty between the combatants. c. had stagnated into a stalemate in which neither side had an advantage. d. resulted in a massive Russian offensive fueled by the numerical superiority of Russian armies. e. led to a major revolution in Russia that toppled the tsarist government.
e
During World War I, the Ottoman Empire Select one: a. vainly attempted to retain its neutrality in what the Turks perceived was a Christian conflict. b. launched assaults indifferently against the colonial possessions of Britain, France, and Germany. c. began a program of "genocide" in Greece, resulting in a massive migration of Greeks to Italy. d. used the opportunity to reassert Turkish dominance over the Arab regions. e. long attached to German military advisors, joined Germany in the war effort.
e
Egyptian nationalism differed from that of India because (A) it featured non-violent protest. (B) religious divisions split the movement. (C) economic dislocations of World War I caused hardships that set colonists against the colonial rulers. (D) charismatic leaders unified protest. (E) it originated in the precolonial period.
e
The sea warfare during World War I consisted largely of Select one: a. major surface battles between the fleets of Britain and Germany. b. the British attempt to destroy the Russian fleet in the Mediterranean. c. a single major battle in which the German fleet destroyed the Russian navy. d. "non-battles" between the German and British naval forces. e. German submarine warfare.
e
The series of treaties that ended World War I was negotiated at Select one: a. London. b. Potsdam. c. Brest-Litovsk. d. Berlin. e. Versailles.
e
What nation profited most by warfare in Asia between 1914 and 1919? Select one: a. The United States b. New Zealand c. India d. China e. Japan
e
What nationalist movement pioneered patterns of decolonization and European retreat? Select one: a. Vietnam b. Kenya c. Algeria d. South Africa e. India
e
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the quick suppression of the Russian armies during the first weeks of the war? Select one: a. Ineffective artillery cover b. Poorly trained troops c. Uncoded battle commands d. Aristocratic generals e. Destruction of the Russian fleet at Leningrad
e
Which of the following statements concerning the position of the early Congress Party in India is most accurate? Select one: a. It demanded the immediate decolonization of India. b. It was closely involved with the development of a strong labor movement within Indian industry. c. It was committed to relieving the poverty of the Indian masses. d. Its leadership mostly came from the peasants of India. e. It was loyal to the British rulers and primarily concerned with interests of the Indian elite.
e
