Chapter 29 Concepts

The basidiomycetes derive their name from:

club-shaped cells called basidia that produce sexual spores

What are puffballs, stinkhorns, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts?

common names for diverse basidiomycete fruiting bodies

What are ascocarps?

fruiting bodies of ascomycetes

Basidiomycetes are _________.

fungi whose septate hyphae contain complex pores and reproduce asexually by various types of spores

Which of the following types of fungi are not included in the phylum Ascomycota?

fungi with flagellated gametes

One reason that yeast is a good model organism for scientific research is that it:

has a short life cycle

Select all ecological benefits of decomposer fungi.

- They release carbon dioxide for plants and algae. - They release minerals into the soil. - They remove organic debris.

Select human diseases caused by fungi.

- athlete's foot - ringworm

Select all characteristics of basidiomycetes.

- fruiting bodies - complex pores - septate hyphae

Select the features that make S. cerevisiae a good model organism.

- genomes are similar to those of humans - short life cycle - easy and safe to maintain

Match the structure in ascomycete fungi with the proper karyotype.

- mated hyphae → dikaryotic - Zygote → diploid - Ascospores → haploid

Select the characteristics of ascomycetes.

- produce a dikaryotic mycelium with two kinds of nuclei - produce asci, ascospores and ascocarps

Select all ways in which humans have harnessed fungal biochemistry.

- production of antibiotics - manufacture of soft drinks

Which of the following fungi cause disease in crops?

- rusts - ergot

Put the steps involved in sexual reproduction in ascomycetes in the proper order. Start with the mating of hyphae at the top.

1. Hyphae mate by plasmogamy 2. A dikaryotic mycelium produces an ascocarp 3. Nuclei in an ascus fuse by karyogamy 4. Meiosis occurs 5. Ascospores are released

Put the steps of basidiomycete sexual reproduction in order. Start with the mating of compatible hyphae at the top.

1. compatible hyphae mate by plasmogamy and a dikaryotic mycelium is formed. 2. Clamp connections distribute nuclei as the mycelium is formed. 3. A fruiting body is produced. 4. Nuclei in basidia fuse, then undergo meiosis. 5. Basidiospores are released.

What is a dermatophyte?

A fungus that colonizes the human epidermis

The fungus, ____________ the most common fungal element in lichens.

Ascomycetesmis

According to this phylogenetic tree, which of the following are the closest relatives of the Mucormycota?

Basidiomycota

What are basidia?

Club-shaped cells that produce basidiospores

______ fungi help to maintain population levels of other organisms.

Pathogenic

What is true regarding fungi and predation?

Some fungi prey on small soil animals like nematodes.

What are basidiocarps?

The fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes

How are the hyphae of predatory fungi specialized for the role of capturing prey?

They are adhesive or form a loop.

Which of the following is true regarding decomposer fungi?

They break down organic material into carbon dioxide, which is used by plants and algae

Which of the following statements is true regarding basidiomycete relationships with plants?

They can be beneficial partners such as mycorrhizae or pathogens such as rusts and smuts.

What is the ecological role of basidiomycetes in forests?

They can be decomposers and form mycorrhizal partnerships in forests.

How do predatory fungi use hyphae to capture prey such as soil nematodes?

They trap them.

True or false: Basidiomycetes can reproduce asexually.

True

True or false: Many yeasts are ascomycetes.

True

True or false: Some ascomycetes form partnerships with plant roots, and have edible fruiting bodies.

True

True or false: The phylum Ascomycota includes decomposers and pathogens

True

How do predatory fungi attack their prey?

With specialized hyphae that act as snares.

What is wheat rust?

a common crop disease caused by fungi

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a good model organism because it is:

a eukaryote with a short life cycle

Ascomycetes produce fruiting bodies called

ascocarps

The most common fungal component of lichens is a(n):

ascomycete

Many yeasts are classified as ________.

ascomycetes

Ascomycete fungi produce sexual spores called

ascospores

What is the name of the sexual spores produced by ascomycetes?

ascospores

In basidiomycetes, club-shaped cells known as ________ produce sexual spores and are usually located on the undersides of fruiting bodies.

basidia

The club-shaped cells in fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes are called

basidia

The name of the fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes (often referred to as mushrooms) is

basidiocarps

Which phylum produces fruiting bodies known as mushrooms, puffballs, and rusts?

basidiomycetes

The two most recently evolved phyla of fungi are the

basidiomycetes and the ascomycetes

What level of taxonomic designation is the group known as Fungi?

kingdom

Truffles and morels are the edible fruiting bodies of ascomycetes that associate with:

plant roots

What is one advantage of fungal pathogens in nature?

population control

A common group of pathogenic crop fungi named for their reddish spores are

rusts

An important role of the ascomycete fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae is that it

serves as a model organism for research studies

Basidiomycetes can reproduce:

sexually and asexually