Chapter 29: Seedless Plants

Which of the following are similarities that evolved independently in at least some species of both lycophytes and other vascular plants?

A treelike growth form The presence of leaves

Choose all correct answers. In plants, A. the gametophyte can be large or small .B. the gametophyte is never large. C. the sporophyte may be large or small. D. the sporophyte is never large. (Ch. 29)

B. the gametophyte is never large. C. the sporophyte may be large or small.

Of the two types of leaves, those with a single vein supporting relatively small leaves are called ----- while those with branching veins that likely arose when branching stems became webbed with leaf tissue are --------

Blank 1: lycophylls Blank 2: euphylls

In humans, gametes such as sperm and eggs are formed by the cellular process of ---------whereas land plants produce gametes by the process of ----------

Blank 1: meiosis Blank 2: mitosis

Seeds are very resistant structures, that can -----and nourish the young-----

Blank 1: protect Blank 2: embryo or plant

Moss sporophytes typically have a slender -------with a swollen capsule, known as the -------, at its tip.

Blank 1: stalk Blank 2: sporangium

Choose the answers that describe the typical shapes of moss sporangia.

Club-shaped Cylindrical

Select all true statements about lycophytes.

Despite resembling true mosses, lycophytes have vascular tissues. In lycophytes, the sporophyte generation is dominant.

Which of the following is true of gamete production in humans and land plants?

Gametes are formed by mitosis in land plants. Gametes are formed by meiosis in humans.

Select all features of liverworts.

Gametophytes have rhizoids. They may be leafy or lobed.

Choose all features that confined the green algal ancestors of plants to water.

Less water availability in a terrestrial environment Higher levels of UV light on land

Select all ways in which moss leaflike structures differ from true leaves.

Most of their surface is one cell layer thick They lack veins They lack stomata

Which of the following distinguish land plants from the clade of green algae known as the charophytes?

Multicellular gametophytes Multicellular sporophytes Diploid embryos

Which of the following are characteristics of all (with a few exceptions, such as parasitic plants) land plants?

Multicellular haploid and diploid generations The ability to photosynthesize Diploid embryos

Select the three clades of vascular plants.

Pterophytes Seed plants Lycophytes

Select all features of mosses.

Rhizoids do not absorb as well as a vascular plant root. They use rhizoids to anchor to themselves.

Choose all components of fern sporophytes.

Rhizomes Fronds Fiddleheads

What structure functions both in support of the plant and transport of water and nutrients in tracheophytes?

Roots

Antheridia and archegonia produce which of the following, respectively?

Sperm and eggs

Select all features common to bryophytes.

The gametophyte is photosynthetic. The gametophyte is more conspicuous than the sporophyte.

Select all adaptations of land plants that distinguish them from their algal relatives.

The presence of specialized water transporting tissues The presence of a waxy cuticle on air-exposed surfaces The presence of stomata for gas exchange

Select all true statements about hornworts.

Their gametophytes are photosynthetic. Of all bryophytes, their sporophytes are most similar to those of vascular plants. Their sporophytes have stomata.

Select all true statements about fern gametophytes.

They contain archegonia and antheridia. Rhizoids anchor them to their substrate.

Select all features of horsetails.

They have jointed stems. Their stems are hollow. They are homosporous.

Select all true statements about whisk fern sporophytes.

They lack true leaves. They are photosynthetic (green).

Select all features common to whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns.

They require free water for fertilization They form antheridia and archegonia

Select all true statements about bryophytes.

They undergo meiosis to produce spores The gametophyte generation is more conspicuous than the sporophyte

select all major limiting factors for the establishment of early terrestrial plant life.

Water availability Carbon dioxide

A major adaptation to a terrestrial lifestyle in land plants is

a cuticle on exposed surfaces.

The lycophytes are the sister group to

all other vascular plants.

Conspicuous, photosynthetic gametophytes, and the lack of tracheids, are features of

bryophytes

The closest living descendants of the first land plants are the nontracheophytes, called the

bryophytes

Hornwort gametophytes are typically provided with nitrogen by their symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing

cyanobacteria

One reason bryophytes require water for fertilization is because their sperm are

flagellated

Over the course of plant evolution from bryophytes to seed plants, the general trend has been toward a significant decrease in the size of the -------stage in the life cycle.

gametophyte or haploid

A typical land plant has a(n) ----------life cycle, which includes multicellular haploid and diploid stages.

haplodiplontic

A plant is said to be ------ if all of its spores are similar in appearance.

homosporous

Choose all that are carried in vascular tissue.

hormones water sucrose minerals

even though ----- diverged from all other vascular plants early in their evolutionary history, they are similar in having leaves and a treelike growth form.

lycophytes

In land plants, the gametophyte

may be larger than the sporophyte.

Over the course of plant evolution, the general trend has been toward

more embryo protection and a smaller gametophyte.

Organisms that exhibit a haplodiplontic life cycle have

multicellular haploid and diploid stages.

Choose the two types of vascular tissue.

phloem xylem

Mosses differ from other bryophytes because their gametophytes

produce structures that look like leaves and stems

Unlike bryophytes, lycophytes

produce vascular tissue.

Liverworts reproduce through

sexual and asexual means.

Sori are clusters of

sporangia in ferns.

The earliest vascular plants contained

stems but not roots.

Because water availability was a limiting factor for the growth of early terrestrial plant life, such plants likely had the ability to

tolerate dessication.

Tracheophytes are dominant in many terrestrial ecosystems because of their ability to produce

vascular tissue.

The adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment required more

water loss management