Chapter 29: The Fetal Genitourinary System

Ambiguous genitalia

A birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined defines:

Unilateral renal agenesis

All of the following would be associated with oligohydramnios except:

Ureter and renal collecting system

An obstruction at the ureterovesicular junction would lead to dilation of the:

Hydronephrosis

Another name for pelvocaliectasis is:

Encephalocele

Cloacal exstrophy is associated with all of the following except:

Renal agenesis

Failure of the kidneys to form is called:

Hydrocele

Fluid surrounding the fetal testicle is referred to as:

Horseshoe kidneys

Fusion of the lower poles of the kidneys describes:

Polydactly

Having more than the normal number of digits is:

An enlarged bladder

Prune belly syndrome is caused by:

Dilation of the renal pelvis

Pyelectasis refers to:

Imperforate anus

The "I" in OEIS complex stands for:

Posterior urethral valves

Which of the following would cause a bladder outlet onstruction?

Pelvis

Before 9 weeks, the fetal kidneys are located within the:

External position of the bladder

Bladder exstrophy describes:

Undescended testicles

Cryptorchidism describes:

normal amniotic fluid level

During an 18 week sonogram, multiple cysts of varying sizes are noted within the renal fossa of a male fetus. The other kidney appears to be normal. Which of the following would be an associated finding?

MCDK disease

Numerous noncommunicating anechoic masses are noted within the left renal fossa of a fetus at 20 weeks gestation. What is the most likely etiology of these masses?

Cloacal exstrophy

OEIS complex is also referred to as:

Renal pelvis and calices

Obstruction at the level of the UPJ would lead to dilation of the:

Autosomal dominant polycystic renal disease

The "keyhole" sign would be seen in all of the following situations except:

Renal agenesis

The "lying down" adrenal sign describes the sonographic findings of:

pyelectasis

The "lying down" adrenal sign would be seen in all of the following situations except:

Enlarged bladder and dilated urethra

The keyhole sign describes the sonographic findings of an:

Pelvis

The most common location of an ectopic kidney is within the:

Neuroblastoma

The most common malignant adrenal pediatric tumor is the:

Autosomal dominant polycystic disease

The renal cystic disease that results in the development of cysts in later adulthood is:

Meckel-Gruber syndrome

The syndrome associated with an occipital cephalocele, cystic renal disease and polydactyly is_____________.

ADPKD

The type of renal cystic disease associated with adult liver and pancreatic cysts is:

UPJ obstruction

What is the most common cause of Hydronephrosis in a neonate and the most common form of fetal renal obstruction?

hydronephrosis

What is the most common fetal abnormality noted during an obstetric sonogram?

Mesoblastic nephroma

What is the most common fetal renal tumor?

megacystis

What is the term for enlargement of the urinary bladder?

7 mm

What measurement should the renal pelvis not exceed prior to 20 weeks gestation?

An abnormal ventral curvature of the penis

Which of the following best describes hypospadias?

ARPKD

Which of the following is associated with enlarged echogenic kidneys and microscopic renal cysts?

Abdominal muscle hypertrophy

Which of the following is not a component of prune belly syndrome?

Duplex collecting system

Which of the following is the most common renal anomaly?

ARPKD

Which of the following would be the most likely cause of bilateral, enlarged echogenic fetal kidneys and oligohydramnios?

unilateral renal agenesis

Which of the following would result in compensatory hypertrophy?