chapter: 29,28, 35, 22, quiz 4 (Ch: 35,18, 31, 39), TEST 3 (Ch11,24,35,5, 42, 32.15,34,21), Quiz 3 (CH 4,3,17,32,12,18, 35), Test two CH: (7,10,20,15,25,16,33,19,35), 2ND PART
Three basic kinds of information necessary in police reports
Identification of the involved persons, vehicles, etc. Narrative description of the offense or incident Elements of the offense or probable cause
To be eligible for initial licensure, an applicant cannot have been on court-ordered supervision or probation for any class ___ criminal offense within the last _____ years.
Class B, 10 years.
suicide risk assessment
Plan Method Means Intent
Officer may call aid CCP 8.05
The officer may call to his aid the power of the county when dispersing a riot.
What is the the "Achilles Heel" of property crime?
The disposal of the stolen property
One of the most common symptoms of PTSD is called hypervigilance, and when confronted with ambiguous information a person is more likely to attribute dangerousness to the situation.
True
People with serious mental illness have been victims of crime at a rate 11 times higher than the general population.
True
Subjects who have an intellectual disability may readily confess to criminal activity because they lack a full understanding of the circumstances.
True
Due to patient confidentiality rules also known as HIPPA, even when you are trying to help someone experiencing a crisis, staff at a hospital, clinic, or mental health facility may not be able to share information with you.
True
True or False: The delicate balance which the law provides and protects between those who govern and those who are governed must be preserved if democracy is to survive.
True
T/F. The proceedings and trials in all courts shall be public.
True.
Are law enforcement actions typically offensive or defenseive?
defensive
Graham v. Connor
diabetic, oj case - objectively reasonable 4th amendment
Aerial search
may employ infrared film for discovery of such things as gravesites
considerations in handling evidence
preserve its integrity, preserve its value to owner and mark as evidence if possible
Preventive enforcement
property checks, question suspicious persons, vary patrol patterns and predictability, maintain high visibility.
Protection of Property (nighttime)
protection of one's own property - PC 9.41 deadly force to protect property - PC 9.42 Protection of third persons property - PC 9.43 use of device to protect property - PC 9.44 (as long as it does not cause injury)
When a person physically assaults his spouse or member of a house hold, a magistrate can issue which of the following to prevent further violence is a ________________.
protective order
TC 546.002 Conduct is permissible when:
responding to an emergency call;pursuing an actual or suspected violator of the law;responding to but not returning from a fire alarm;directing or diverting traffic for public safety purposes; conducting a police escort.
Ground Techniques:
· base get up · full guard position · full mount position · trap and roll · side mount
Physical contact - position:
· to side or rear of subject when possible · subject should be off balance · keep subject verbally informed of your actions and expectations
Frisk, if justified, for:
· weapons officer and/or public safety
Special units
-EMS for injuries -medical examiner/ JP for homicides -bomb squad -fire department -military -narcotics investigators -other LE agencies -technicians -supervisors -detectives
Definition of developmental disorders:
A condition that an individual may have had since birth or childhood which has prevented them from full social or vocational independence in adulthood and which continues throughout their life span
Describe procedures for obtaining specialized assistance at scene
Determine what assistance is available, Fire Dept., Ambulance, Bomb Squad, Military EOD.
A subsequent search warrant may be issued to search the same person , place, or thing subjected to a prior search only if the subsequent search warrant is issued by a :
District judge, court of appeals, court of criminal appeals, or the supreme court.
Procedure for expunction for ID crimes is found:
CCP, Art 55.02
Professional Presence
Entering a scene
Service
community which each officer is a part
Fact
something known to be true
Effects of Stress on Performance—the "Inverted U Principle"
As heart rate increases, the ability to perform physically and process information improves to a point then begins to drop. Fine motor skills deteriorate first at heart rates about 115. Skills needing accuracy such as double locking handcuffs, radio operation and writing a ticket.
If the attorney representing the state fails to notify rightful owner:
Creates grounds for new trial or bill of review.
Authorized Emergency Vehicle"
Definition - TC 541.201- = Police,fire,ems,fire volunteer, private ems,county emergency vehicle.EMERGENCY
Medications assist with managing symptoms, and can cure Alzheimer's disease.
False
T/F To qualify for a PO license, TCIC/NCIC background check is not required.
False, it is required.
T/F An individual can enroll in a basic licensing course if he has received a dishonorable military discharge.
False.
Victims should also notify:
Financial institutions Utility companies
9th Amendment
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
9.21 Public Duty
We have a duty to enforce laws, no duty to retreat
Based on TX Constitution, the defendant of a criminal case is entitled to counsel representation in what type of proceeding?
In an adversarial judicial proceeding.
9.51 Arrest and Search
PO reasonably Believes force is immediately necessary to make or assist in making arrest or search. Or to prevent or assist in preventing escape after arrest. Arrest and Search is believed Lawful
Personality disorders include:
Paranoid, Anti-social, Borderline, and Narcissistic
Use of deadly force:
Peace officers may use deadly force to protect themselves or others when and to the degree they reasonably believe an immediate threat of death or serious bodily injury exists.
Noun
Person,Place or Thing
Two types of identification
Personal and Financial
*napd* Early Apex
a point along the inside edge of a turn prior to the literal apex where a vehicle might come the closest to the roadway's edge.
handling
ability of vehicle to remain in control
The UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (DOT)
any substance or material in a form that poses an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce
Evidence
anything to be offered in court to prove the truth or falisty of a fact in issue
Adhere to
department policy.
2 types of driving conditions induced*
elements and natural elements
*NAPD* kinetic energy
energy stored in an object due to its mass and motion (or weight and speed)
Sentence Fragment
group of words that is only a piece, or "fragment" of a complete sentence.
Preposition
is a word that combines with a noun,pronoun, or noun equivalent (as a phrase or clause) to form a phrase that usually acts as an adverb,adjective or noun. Ex "He sat down beside her"
An officer is only covered under qualified immunity if he:
is following procedure
Any peace officer may arrest, without warrant: a person who the peace officer has probable cause to believe have committed an offense defined by Section 25.07, Penal Code, if the offense _________________________________________.
is not committed in the presence of the peace officer
Child Pornography
is the physical evidence and recording of a sexual assault committed against a child
Reunification
is the process of assisting displaced disaster survivors, including children, in voluntarily reestablishing contact with family and friends after a period of separation
Consequences of ineffective public service
lack of trust and respect, reduce budget, increased complaints
Graham v. Connor
landmark case for reasonable officer test
under steer*
the tendency of a vehicle to continue in a straight line. (PLOWING)
Major Depressive disorder is not just feeling sad or "blue." It is an intense level of depression that persists for at least _________________.
two weeks
Drug trafficking estimates:
$57 BILLION generated annually $34 Billion laundered through financial institutions.
SENATE BILL 742 -What should yiu place if only partial plate info is known?
'X' (State which part is known in remarks)
This is the most common type of skid, and to correct it you should let off the brakes until you can re-establish rolling friction or control.
*NAPD* All wheel braking.
39.13 Identify tools of opportunity (items found at the scene) Other distraction tools at the officers disposal:
- Clipboard - Traffic cone - Jacket - Stick - Garbage can - Anything to keep between the officer and canine until the officer can reach a place of safety. - Another distraction tool is a CO2 fire extinguisher. Most SWAT teams are now carrying these for building entries.
Theories on the causes of family violence abuse:
- It works to get the batterer what he wants - Learned behavior = Sex role stereotypes clearly defined roles for boys & girls - Cultural - Stressors and lack of control (finances, Isolation, Children)
39.20 list what should be done if deadly force must be used. Threat this as any other deadly force encounter:
- Photo area: • Photos of whole scene giving a perspective of the distance between officer and dog when shot. (photos of shell casing in relation to the dog) • If dog ran after being shot indicate location where dog was when shot. • Photos of dog • Places any by standards were standing.
39.1 Define terms on the Penal Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. Torture:
- includes any act that cause unjustifiable pain or suffering.
39.4 Discuss the terms and conditions utilized in the Texas Health and Safety Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. (Sec 822.041 Definitions) Dog:
- means a domesticated animal that is a member of the canine family.
39.4 Discuss the terms and conditions utilized in the Texas Health and Safety Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. (Sec 822.041 Definitions) Animal control authority:
- means a municipal or county animal control office with authority over the area where the dog is kept or county sheriff in an area with no animal control office.
Traffics with INTENT to force labor/services, participated in the venture; coersion to engage in prostitution; receive benefit from prostitution, engages in sexual manner through forced fraud or coersion with trafficked person; traffics child (receives benefit from/ causes to be victim of sexual abuse) -What offense? -What penalty?
-20A.02: TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS -2DF 1DF= if of a child; results in death (of person or their unborn child)
2nd Amendment
-A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State. -The right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
Suspect(s) are to be handcuffed at ____ _________ in every situation
-All times
Should the suspect _______________ resistance, (s) he can be pulled backward or pushed forward, giving the officer an opportunity to step away.
-Attempt
-Who developed a continuum showing the variety that extends between ________ and ______ offenders? -What are 3 subgroups of offenders?
-Former FBI Agent KENNETH LANNING -Regressed, morally indiscriminate, inadequate based behavior
CATEGORIES OF WANDERING BY NATIONAL AUTISM ASSOCIATION: -wandering w/ purpose of getting to something
-GOAL DIRECTED
Personal appeal
-addressing person's needs and desires -set aside personal values -works well with headstrong people who insist on getting their way
Summarize
-allows officer to conclude the situation -officer provides the bottom line -state the resolution clearly
Weapon Strategies
-chemical/electrical means -mace/OC spray -stun gun -baton or impact weapon
Elements to recognize (constraints)
-determine if there are any obstacles to effective communication and try to eliminate them if possible ex: time of day, weather, location, external noise, officer's own mood, person's values and beliefs, or the person is deaf, mentally ill, mentally retarded, intoxicated, etc
What are the condition for which an officer/department may be held liable for deaths, injuries, or incidents of property damage while operating an emergency vehicle?
-failure to drive with due regard for safety of others.-when agency has not adopted a written policy on police pursuits- a negligent or wrongful act or omission by an employee of the entity-when not in immediate pursuit of actual or suspected violator or responding to an actual emergency
When photographing injuries
-first take an overall photo of the person front and back -take an intermediate photo of the injury, including a joint of the body -this helps identify left vs right, front vs back, arm vs leg
When to move from words to force:
-no clear-cut simple answer -as a professional an officers use of force is: selective, appropriate
A temporary jailer license expires ________from the original appointment date
1 year
*N Proof of physical need for training:
1) Don't damage vehicle 2) Set good example with driving 3) Mental attention is divided by looking for crime, using radio, and driving safely and responsibly.
Six Deadly Skids*
1) Front-wheel braking skid (understeer) 2) Rear-wheel braking skid (oversteer) 3) All-wheel braking skid 4) power-skid (fishtailing) 5) Spin-out 6) Hydroplaning
Requirements for Registration Apply in Texas if a Person
1) Has "reportable conviction or adjudication," 2) Is required to register as a condition of parole or release to mandatory supervision, 3) Is required to register as a condition of community supervision, or 4) Is an "extrajurisdictional registrant"
3 Methods of Braking*
1) Stab and Jab 2) Heat and Cool 3) Threshold Braking
What are 4 requirements for a person in TX to register as a sex offender?
1. "Reportable conviction/ adjudication" 2. required to register as condition of parole (release) 3. Required to register as vondition of community supervision 4. Extrajurisdictional registrant
Preventive Patrol
1. Preventive enforcement: Property checks, question suspicious patterns, vary patrol patterns, maintain high visibility. 2. Selective Patrol: Being aware of specific problems/violations.
An applicant must be seen by a psychologist and physician within ___ before the date of appointment by the agency
180 days.
deinstitutionalization began in
1955
Approximately ______ in _______ adults in the U.S. experience a serious mental illness in a given year.
1; 25
Appointed PO SHALL complete a training program covering recent changes to the laws pertaining to peace officers every____ of a training unit.
2 years.
How much more likely are children with disabilities to suffer sexual abuse than children without?
2-4 times according to American Academy of Pediatrics
In the U.S, approximately how many adults, age 18 or older, in a given year have schizophrenia?
2.2 Million
In 2017, statistics indicate that _____ of all people with a diagnosable mental illness do not seek treatment.
2/3
Worldwide estimates indicate that _______________ are victims of human trafficking.
21 million
Age requirement for a PO license applicant:
21 years old.
What is the period allowed to execute a search warrant?
3 days, not including day it was issued.
Only _______% to _________% of violent acts can be attributed to individuals living with a serious mental illness.
3, 5
Only ______ of interpersonal violence in the United States can be attributed to mental illness yet nearly ______ of news stories about mental illness connect it to violent behavior that harms other people (2016).
4% and 40%
Peace Officers SHALL complete at least ____ hrs of continuing education every ____ years.
40 hrs, 2 years.
39.1 Define terms on the Penal Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. Cruelty to animals:
42.092 Penal Code (Non livestock) read
INTENTIONALLY/ KNOWINGLY displays/distributes obscene photo/drawing/visual rep/material and is RECKLESS about who will be offended -What offense? -What penalty?
43.22: OBSCENE DISPLAY OR DISTRIBUTION -C MIS
INTENTIONALLY/KNOWINGLY promotes(intends to)(6+ depictions)/ posess/accesses with INTENT to view child porn -What offense? -What penalty?
43.26: POSSESION/PROMOTION OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY -3DF 2DF=1 prior promoting 1DF= 2+ prior or 1 prior with INTENT to promote
Legal Term for Insanity
A general definition is an unsoundness of mind or lack of the ability to understand that prevents one from having the mental capacity required by law to enter into a particular relationship, status, or transaction or that releases one from criminal or civil responsibility
Bias
A highly personal and unreasoned distortion of judgement
Definition of Stigma
A mark of disgrace or shame
Escape Mob
A mob in a state of panic. In their attempt to secure safety by flight, members of an escape mob may have lost their power of reasoning.
Authority of peace officers CCP 14.03
A peace officer who is outside his jurisdiction may arrest, without warrant, a person who commits an offense within the offer's presence or view, if the offense is a felony or a breach of the peace.
Obscene Display or Distribution
A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly displays or distributes an obscene photograph, drawing, or similar visual representation or other obscene material and is reckless about whether a person is present who will be offended or alarmed by the display or distribution. Class C Misdemeanor
Continuous Trafficking of Persons
A person commits an offense if, during a period that is 30 or more days in duration, the person engages 2 or more times in conduct that constitutes an offense under section 20A.02
Immediate Action
A plan for immediate deployment of law enforcement personnel confronted with a situation where a delayed response may result in death or serious bodily injury to innocent persons.
Regarding TX PC offenses for UNLAWFUL RESTRAINT AND KIDNAPPING (AGG): -To restrain a person with INTENT to prevent liberation by secreting/holding in place likely to not be found, using /threatening deadly force.
ABDUCT
Crime
An act or omission forbidden by law and punishable by a fine, imprisonment, or even death. Crimes and their penalties are established and defined by state and federal statutes and local ordinances
Notify the Secret Service about ID crime if:
Any custody arrest took place Seizure of any amount of ID crime devices (ex; skimmers)
What is psychotropic medication?
Any medication capable of affecting the mind, emotions, and behavior
Relative (CCP 63.0016)
Attempted Child Abduction by Relative: For purposes of this chapter, "attempted child abduction" does not include an attempted abduction in which the actor was a __________, as defined by Section 20.01, Penal Code, of the person intended to be abducted.
CATEGORIES OF WANDERING BY NATIONAL AUTISM ASSOCIATION: -suddenly running/bolting to g see t away from something
BOLTING/FLEEING
Vehicle description "CYMBAL" mean
C-Color top to bottom Y-Year M-Make & Model B-Body style And L- LP#, year of expiration,state registered also Vin#,Value (estimated), distinguishing marks/damage,insured? financed?
Standardized guidelines to verify the identity and custody rights of the person claiming to be the child's parent/guardian
CUSTODIAL RELEASE PROCEDURE
Corrosives (acids)
Chemical materials that may attack and destroy living tissue (Such as skin), some of these materials may also attack and destroy through chemical reaction metals, glass, or plastics
What is CBRNE?
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosive Used to break down the overall idea of hazardous material to basic components
Family Member
Children are more likely to be abducted by a __________ ___________ than a non family member.
42 US Code 1983
Civil action for deprivation of rights
Protective orders are issued by the magistrate of a ____________________________.
County or district court
A requirement for human traffickers is they have a knowledge of the local area; its ____________, ____________ and ______________.
Customs, Culture and People
Traffickers create a situation of ______________ where the victim must perform some type of service to earn their freedom.
Debt bondage
"Defensive driving components:
Driver attitude Driver skill Vehicle capability Driving conditions
8-step tactical vehicle stop
Greeting. Identify yourself and the Department. Reason. Justification (may outweigh the violation). Driver's license. Insurance. Decision. Close.
1
High Risk Factor ___: Juveniles with histories of missing reports 4 or more times in 24 months.
This takes place on wet roads when the tires can no longer funnel enough water out from under them and they lose contact with the pavement.*
Hydroplaning;you should reduce speed and counter steer slowly to regain control. make no sudden changes.
Driving Process*
Identify (25% mental) Analyze (25% mental) Decide (25% mental) Execute (15% mental) 90% mental and 10% physical!!!!
No person shall hold any office at a national or state level if he:
If he engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid and comfort to the enemy. -Congress may vote 2/3 of each house to remove such disability.
What is the only way that a revoked license may be reinstated?
If licensee proves the facts supporting revocation are false.
What is the procedures for identifying victim in case of serious bodily injury?
If person is alive and conscious, obtain identification and information about next of kin
9.43 Protection of Third Person's Property
If the person is justified under 9.41 and 9.42, and are presumed to have care or responsibility of the 3rd person's property
Disrupting Meeting or Procession (42.05)
If, with intent to prevent or disrupt a lawful meeting, procession, or gathering, defendant obstructs or interferes with the meeting, procession, or gathering by physical action or verbal utterance. Class B misdemeanor.
Cynicism and Distrust
Is the practice of always looking for what is wrong in people; the "us vs. them" mentality
How and when was TCOLE created?
It was created y a legislative act in the year 1965.
Investigating and preventing trafficking of human life has become a ____________ issue due to nations failing to prevent it and enforcement in their borders.
Local Law Enforcement
To ensure clear understanding of roles, responsibilities, processes and protocols for identifying and investigating human trafficking crimes you should establish _____________________ with other interested agencies.
Memorandums of Understanding
The single most important factor in officer survival
Mental Conditioning
What is the key to using deadly force to protect property?
NIGHTTTIME
Economic and political instability are considered _____________ factors consistently found in countries of origin for human trafficking.
Push
Restrict a persons movement without consent to interfere with liberty by moving one place to another, confining "without consent" by force/intimidation/deception or >14yo/ incompetent/ no comsent by parent, >17/taken out of state or 120 mile radius
RESTRAIN
The process of assisting displaced disaster survivors, including children, in voluntarily reestablishing contact with family and friends after a period of seperation
REUNIFICATION
generally refers to groups of people with common ancestry and physical characteristics.
Race
Dismissal of Acquittal of related charges
Raises presumption that property should NOT be forfeited. Non-statutory defense.
Probable Cause for seizure
Reasonable belief that a SUBSTANTIAL CONNECTION exists between property to be forfeited and criminal activity defined by statue.
The mission statement specifies that TCOLE is a _____ agency
Regulatory.
An agency chief administrator must comply with orders from the commission regarding the correction of a report of resignation/termination or request a hearing from _____.
SOAH.
Walk through
Same as walk back, however the position himself is on the passenger side. Don't conduct business between vehicles
______________ trafficking occurs when victims are forced to working in massage parlors, brothels, strip clubs and escort services.
Sexual
Fish Bowl Living
The officer's life is under public scrutiny and a higher expectation of behavior often referred to as
Person refusing to aid:
The peace officer who has summoned any person to assist him in performing any duty shall report such person, if he refuse to obey, to the proper district or county attorney, in order that he may be prosecuted for the offense
10th Amendment
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
Commission rules are divided into sections that group similar ______ together.
Topics
TX is a free and independent state, only subject to _____ ______ and to the perseverance of our free institutions.
US Constitution
Asking "How did a suspected trafficking victim pay for their travel and who made the arrangements" are _____________ questions.
Valid
A veteran from out of state calls you, in crisis, and you don't know about their local resources. What is the best referral you can make for them?
Veterans Crisis Line (phone or website)
Consular official access
Visit; Call; Write; Consuls must follow regulations; Arrange legal representation; Monitor case; Ensure fair trial; Monitor confinement; Provide necessities;
Post-arrest Diversion
Voluntary for offenders provides alternative criminal case proceedings successful completion of program results in lessening or dismissal of charges
2nd
_______ Phase of field interview: An in-depth interview of the child should be conducted based on information obtained during the initial phase of the field interview in order to further assess the child's level of risk if allowed to remain unsupervised. Continue to look for discrepancies in information obtained in the initial phase of the field interview with information obtained during this phase of the interview
Goal Directed
________ ___________ Wandering: Wandering with the purpose of getting to something (water, train, park, an item or place of obsession, etc.)
Attempted Abductions
____________ _____________ could include methods related to the following: • Nonverbal actions • A verbal exchange between the offender and child. • Physical contact: sexual or otherwise. • A physical struggle. • A short abduction from which the child is able to escape.
At any time during a mission.....
a rescue team can become the contact team.
The mere presence of a large crowd does not necessarily constitute .....
a serious law enforcement problem.
Special relations
a. Parent-child - under 18, reasonable b. educator - student - corporal punishment still allowed with parent permission, most schools will not do it c. guardian - incompetent
Deadly force
any force intended or known by the actor to cause, or in the manner of its use or intended use is capable of causing, death or serious bodily injury
Maintaining security in correctional facility - PC 9.53
can use force in correctional facility for safety
Elements of a crime
conditions that must occur for an act to be called a specific kind of crime
A common stereotype regarding mentally ill people is that they are ______________ and ___________________.
dangerous; unpredictable
An officer needs a range of ________________-_____________ tools that permits us of exactly that degree of control that constitutes reasonable force
decision-making
Objectives with crowds
disperse and or arrest
The violence usually increases in ________________________ over time.
frequency and severity
Suspicious deaths should be treated as what?
homicides
An officer who takes a person into custody with a POEC SHALL
immediately transport the person to the nearest mental health facility
People involved in mobs
impulsive, yielders, supportive, resisters, psychopathic
Suicide risk factors
males age 15-34 depression previous attempts specific plan lack of support system recent loss burden to family
Crowd management
manage lawful public assemblies.
Casual crowd
no unity of purpose and no leadership, will respond to police.
39.6 Review the requirements for an owner with a dangerous dog. The court MAY order the humane destruction of the dog if the owner has not been located before?
the 15th day after the seizure and impound of the dog.
____________, not the officer, determines the presence of bodily injury.
the victim
what is significant about most homicide cases?
the victim knows the perpetrator
Point to point search
this method can be used as a preliminary step in evaluating the scene. the least effective search method
Exhibition of firearms
threatens to exhibit or use a firearm in or on property described by Subdivision (1)(A) or on a bus described by Subdivision (1)(B). (b) An offense under Subsection (a)(1) or (2) is a third degree felony.
over steer*
vehicle tries to swap ends. Occurs when rear tires have less traction that front wheels
Principles of Self-defense:
· Prevention · Be aware of potential dangers · Avoid overextending yourself · Maintain the proper distance to allow yourself adequate reaction time · If attacked, move out of the line of force rather than try to stop the force
Guidelines for baton use:
· Should normally be positioned between the officer and the suspect · Maintain a good defensive position whether left-or right-handed · Do not intentionally use a baton to strike at the head or throat unless the situation has escalated to a deadly force situation.
Tactical Transition Chemical and Electrical Devices:
· Taser · OC pepper spray · similar weapons
Weaponless Strategies:
· Touching · Striking (open hand and closed fist) · joint-locking · pressure points · hand strikes and foot strikes · blocks o hands o arms o legs
Empathize
•Understand the other person's state of mind •See through the eyes of the other person
High risk
(felony stops) known suspects, weapons, pursuits, etc.
Leaving the scene
-when released from responsibility -when not needed -when directed to do so
...
......
17+ INTENT by internet/email/text communicate/distrubute sexually explicit content with minor (>17); solicits minor to meet for sex -What offense? -What penalty?
33.021: ONLINE SOLICITATION OF A MINOR -3DF 2DF= >14yo/solicits minor
Rigor mortis usually disappears within _____
36 hours beginning at the head and neck moving its way down.
Regarding bipolar disorder, each phase lasts _____________ days.
4
A person may be detained up to ____ after posting bail, when it is determined that his immediate release may present a threat to the alleged victim.
4 hours. (or up to 48 hrs only when authorized in writing by magistrate)
Employs/authorize/induce child to work in sex oriented commercial activity -What offense? -What penalty?
43.251: EMPLOYMENT HARMFUL TO CHILDREN -2DF 1DF= >14
How many hazard classes are there?
9
What type of hand positioning should be used for steering?*
9-3
What is an L1
Appointment Application
Common Explosives
Black powder PETN TNT/Dynamite C4 ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil)
It is not rare for human traffickers to be involved in _____________________ as trafficking requires planning and organization.
Criminal Networks
The Police Executive Research Forum suggests that an officer use __________________________________ to gather information to determine a person's level of mental health crises.
Critical Decision-Making Model
Right to Privacy
Does not apply to mandatory notification of foreign nationals covered by a bilateral treaty.Privacy of VCCR country citizens should be respected.
1 every 14.2 minutes
Frequency of suicide in the US:
According to the Police Executive Forum (2016), non-verbal communication should be:
Friendly and helpful
What are the percentages based on gender/race of child porn offenders?
Gender: M= 98.7% F= 1.3% Age: 30 yo and under= 26%, 31-40= 24%, 50+= 25.5% Race: Blk= 4%, His= 11%, Wh= 83%, other= 2%
Who _____________________ of the travel, social security and immigration documents can be an important indicator if the person being interviewed is a victim or suspect of human trafficking.
Has control
Concealment
Hides from view BUT without protection.
Individuals licensed after Jan 1, 2011 must complete what course within the 1st year of licensre?
Human Trafficking
In human trafficking the offenders are not always male only; there are many __________________ operations.
Husband and Wife
Sec. 25.07. VIOLATION OF CERTAIN COURT ORDERS OR CONDITIONS OF BOND IN A FAMILY VIOLENCE, CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT, SEXUAL ASSAULT OR ABUSE, INDECENT ASSAULT, STALKING, OR TRAFFICKING CASE goes into effective until ________________.
January 1, 2021
flammable substance
Materials that have a highs hazard due to ease of ignition, high burning temperature, or difficulty in extinguishment. These materials exist as solids, liquids, or gasses.
Post seizure procedures for currency:
May be deposited in interest of bearing account In jurisdiction of State Attorney
pre-shift vehicle inspection:
Mechanical check ,Interior check ,Exterior check ,Required inventory
firearms, drugs or poisons
Men more often use ________; women more often use ________
Mental health conditions fall along a continuum. The severity of each condition varies from person to person. What are the terms used to describe this continuum?
Mild, Moderate, Severe
Most people with mental illness do not die by suicide
Most people with mental illness do not die by _________
What does NIAAA stand for?
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
What does NIDA stand for?
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Biological Pathogens
Naturally occurring living organisms that cause injury or death to other living organisms
It is not unusual for traffickers to recruit ____________, ___________ and even ____________ into the human trafficking trade.
Neighbors, Acquaintances, Family
During a 4-year cycle, those holding an intermediate or higher certificate are required to complete:
No specific courses, except State and Federal update courses.
PTSD increased arousal and reactivity symptoms
irritability recklessness hypervigilance fatigue difficulty concentrating
Actors the U.N. named in the process of human trafficking ____________, ____________ and _____________.
Offender, Victim and Customer
feeling that other group is alien or different which promotes the social exclusion of members of a particular group
Others are strange and different
Significant uses of the Police Report
Permanent record of facts Coordination of follow-up Basis for prosecution and defense Performance evaluations of officer Statistical data Reference material
Safeguarding lives: RAIN
R- recognize the presence of a CBRNE threat A- Avoid contamination/ exposure to the threat I- Isolate the threat and immediate area N- Notify the appropriate response agency
Pronoun
is a word that is used as a substitute for a noun or noun equivalent. " Who is she"
As an arrest has been made of a foreigner; the department must check with the U.S. State department with due diligence to see if you are _______________ to notify the country of origin.
Required
120
Restrain: For victims age 14-16, the individual would need to take the child _____ miles from the child's residence and outside the state without acquiescence from parent/guardian or person acting in loco parentis
provides a convenient group or person to blame when things go wrong in one's personal life or in the community
Scapegoating
Vehicle operation techniques:
Seat adjustment ,Mirror adjustment ,Foot placement ,Hand placement
acute exposure
Short term/ High does event with HARMFUL consequences
Hazards encountered while on patrol
Silhouetting. Telltale noises. Suspects' hands. Report hazards
The loss of traction between the tires of a vehicle and the surface of the roadway.
Skid*
Trafficking victims are usually transported illegally and generally travel in _______________, accompanied by a guardian.
Small groups
(fear and insecurity) leads to justification for various types of discrimination that are thought to be of advantage to the dominant group
Societal Strain
If a PO seizes property, the ______ _______has ____ days after the day of seizure to commence proceedings.
State Attorney, 30 days.
Crowd Control
Techniques used to address unlawful public assemblies, including a display of formidable numbers of police officers, crowd containment, dispersal tactics and arrest procedures
Who has custody of seized contraband?
The PO who seizes it.
Define Complaint
The sworn affidavit made before a magistrate that charges the commission of an offense
How to perform a pedestrian stop
Use effective verbal communications. Approach carefully.
9.51 Arrest and Search C2:
actor reasonably believes there is a substantial risk that a person to be arrested will cause death or SBI to the actor or another if the arrest is delayed
When a crowd becomes a mob.....
all restraint is lost.
Escapes while in kill zones 3 - 6 are in the .....
ambush position (behind the right corner of the violator's vehicle)
Expressive crowd
assemble purpose, has leadership, expressing attitude for or against and idea, political, picketing.
Pragmatic reasons
avoid investigation and litigation
Field Notes
brief notations concerning specific events and circumstances that are recorded while fresh in the officer's mind and used to prepare a report.
"___________________" means a relationship between individuals who have or have had a continuing relationship of a romantic or intimate nature.
dating relationship
_________________ and _______________ are essential for building rapport and trust.
honesty, sincerity
Supportive people
do not actively join mob but enjoy the show, shout encouragement.
Surrounding environmental conditions reduce __________ of lights.
effectiveness
3 general categories for vehicle stops
low, unknown, high
Acquisitive mob
motivated by desire to acquire something.
Protection
prevention of crime in the soundest theories
Self-defense does not apply if:
provocation, resisting arrest or search, if you take a weapon with you to "work out" a conflict
4th amendment protects:
rights against unreasonable search and seizure - persons, places, papers, effects
Point man
team leader, lead cover man, covers unknown threats during entry.
*NAPD* traction
the adhesive friction of the tire to the road surface.
Kneeling Body Search:
· On knees · Legs crossed
Handcuff Positions:
· standing · sitting · prone · kneeling
Family and personal
• Marital • Children • Parents • Financial
Despite the rising rate of felonious offenses against LEOs, some officers think:
" It cant happen to me."
Select the statement below that is NOT a reflective statement.
"What is your problem?"
Never
"routine"
CIT has been shown to positively impact officer perceptions, decrease the need for higher level of police intervention, decrease officer injuries, and re-direct those in crisis from the criminal justice system to the health care system.
A) True* B) False
Jail Diversion goals include:
A) reduction of inappropriate incarceration of persons with mental illness. B) reduce violence and victimization. C) cost savings as compared to incarceration and/or hospitalization. D) All of the above. *
True or false: distractions inside of the officer's vehicle can reduce effectiveness of sirens
False: inside of other motorists vehicles
2 hazards during a stop
Felonious and Accidental assault
T/F When a person's property is taken, compensation shall be made last.
FALSE. Compensation shall be made first. (Before taking property he shall get paid.)
Consent on the part of the victim _____________ taken into consideration to determine whether the offense of human trafficking has occurred or not.
Must not
Myth or Reality? A person with a mental illness is also intellectually challenged
Myth
When interviewing, be _______, ____, and ________, which tends to help prevent agitation and questioning process. Avoid physical contact or limiting personal space, which may result in an unintended use of force situation
Patient, calm, and detached
Field Inquiry Used to Learn About
People, Information, Places.
__________ Diversion is shifting someone away from the criminal justice system (no arrest or charges made), and guiding them to another form of intervention.
Pre-arrest
Authority figures, sexual orientation, differently abled, religion, age, weight are forms and targets of what?
Prejudice
T/F Any person has a right to prevent the consequences of theft by seizing any personal property and bringing it along with offender (if possible) to a magistrate
True
T/F The L1 Form must be notarized
True
T/F The invocation of 5th amendment rights can comment on any interference it may support
True
Double Negatives
When two negative words are used in the same clause, the result is a double negative.
Non-threatening resistance
control holds; pressure points
When describing things?
look for all distinguishing marks and anything that might be compared or related to a commonly known thing or idea. Look for color, size, shape, texture, location, and type.
ID crimes can begin with seeminly unrelated crimes such as:
robbery, computer intrusion, theft, dumpster diving, etc.
Stopping distance components (in order):
1 - Perception of danger 2 - Decision/reaction 3 - Braking
Another valuable resource offered by the FTC to law enforcement is ______________ ___________, an identity crime investigative cyber-tool for law enforcement.
Consumer Sentinel
A "go-between;" typically buying victims from recruiters then sells them to employers.
Broker
affords a convenient grouping for people of whom one is ignorant. Lumping or grouping people
Sterotype and Categorical Treatment
Red Awareness
Taking action (fighting, running, driving)
Responsibilities of the officer in charge
consult local departmental policy for specific procedures
Abduct
means to restrain a person with intent to prevent his liberation by: (A) secreting or holding him in a place where he is not likely to be found; or (B) using or threatening to use deadly force
Unless required officers__________ should not be included in the police report.
Opinions
Intellectual disability is a fixed mental condition, that unlike many mental illnesses, cannot be cured.
True
More cops die of suicide than die of shootings and traffic accidents combined.
True
When calling into a dispatcher what info should be included in regards to crowd control?
- Activity of the crowd - Size of the crowd - Weapons or objects known - Safest route for other officers to get to the scene - Most practical location for a command post and parking
Prone Body Search:
-Face down -Arms extended outward -Legs spread
type of evidence to be collected
-fruits of the crime -tools of the cirme -contraband -mere evidence
Approximately __________ officers take their own lives each month.
12
What amendment addresses use of force?
4th
An agency must retain files of applications for licensing for a minimum of _____ AFTER the licensee's termination date with that Agency.
5 years
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and irreversible brain disease affecting approximately _______
5.2
_______% of women and ________% of men have experienced sexual harassment while in the military.
55; 38
People with mental illness had a _______________% chance of being victimized by crime in their lifetime.
74-87%
How long does a licensee has to contest a termination report?
30 days
Definition of Crisis
A peroxisomal attack of pain, distress, or disordered function
What is eligible for forfeiture
Any contraband.
A training coordinator must hold what type of valid license or certificate?
Instructor license.
Copies of the Commission rules can be found on :
On the TCOLE website
White Awareness
Relaxed (unaware)
Audible or visual signals required -
TC 546.003
Familiarization with known offenders
Their habits and types of crimes & TCIC/NCIC information
Mob classifications
aggressive, escape, acquisitive
Mental illnesses are more common than:
cancer, diabetes, heart disease, or AIDS
An alleged victim may request that the magistrate terminate the victim's participation in a global positioning monitoring system at any time. The magistrate _______ impose sanctions on the victim for requesting termination of the victim's participation in or refusing to participate in a global positioning monitoring system under this article.
may not
Abrupt ________________ __________________ is a primary cause of crisis incidents.
medication cessation
Over half of all veterans with MST are ___________.
men
Elements of beat characteristics
• Area and its socio-economic and geographic characteristics • Conditions • Crime hazards • Crimes committed in area • Knowledge of assigned area ( Habits and types of crimes, TCIC/NCIC Information)
Changing Perspective (Adapt/Accept by building resistance to stress or changing perspective)
• Attitude Adjustment • The impact of a positive attitude is the key to managing unavoidable stress.
defensive
"serving to protect"; "devoted to resisting or preventing aggression or attack"
39.20 list what should be done if deadly force must be used. Detail report:
- Contextualize observation of the function of the dog; • Environment • How dog is contained kennel chained loose in house with family
39.19 Examine the use of force continuum principal. Deadly force: Officers actions:
- Shoot the canine in the middle of the shoulders or spine area. - Witness to an attack and/or body cam - Be able to articulate what happened - Be aware of your surroundings at all times to prevent unintentional injury or death.
Self-Control: Define
- The police role in a physical arrest is essentially to protect the public and to take the violator into custody. It is important for the officer to maintain physical and emotional control to ensure the safety of the officer, the arrestee, and the public.
Dealership Problems
- dealerships do inventory every 30, 60, or 90 days - ability to plan, direct, and execute an operation - has business sense- ability to distinguish between valuable and worthless items during burglary -connections to dispose of fruits of the crime -type of burglary committed may give a clue to suspect identity -residential premises -safe burglary -commercial premises -vehicle
Recommendation: Weapon retention may include rifle, shotgun, intermediate weapons from?
-All angles and positions
· When the officer is confronted by a suspect(s) who the officer has reasonable cause to believe committed a crime, and the suspect(s) refuses or fails to comply with the verbal commands prior to searching or handcuffing, the ____________ may be used to obtain compliance.
-Baton
What technical assistance resources can LE request in addition to fulfilling legal reporting requirements for attempted child abductions?
-Biweekly report summarizing incidents -ID/analysis of region trends/patterns -Analysis of similar incidents within certain radius -review of past/unsolved crimes -Prep/disseminate special bulletins for NCMEC -Confirm incident details
-Hearing, speaking, communication skills may affect ability to report and be understood -May not understand and difficulty disclosing
-COMMUNICATION SKILLS -AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)
One Officer Patrol - Advantages:
-Having twice as many patrol vehicles on the street doubles preventive enforcement. -When the officer is alone, more ATTENTION is devoted to patrol functions and duties. -An officer alone develops SELF-RELIANCE, rather than depending on a partner for backup. -A lone officer in a patrol vehicle takes fewer chances. -Personality clashes are reduced.
-Child statement to establish basis in assesing their risk -In depth, further assess risk, look for discrepancies -Additional info, determine if leaving child or putting in protective custody
-INITIAL FIELD INTERVIEW PHASE -SECOND FIELD INTERVIEW PHASE -FINAL FIELD INTERVIEW PHASE
-When are LE agencies required to report to state clearinghouse and enter NCIC Missing Person file in the case of missing child with well being in danger? -What's HRF1? -What's HRF2?
-Immediately, NLT 2 hrs of receiving report -HRF1= Juviniles w/ 4+ cases within 24 months missing report -HRF2= Juviniles w/ 2+ cases in 24 months missing report (foster child)
5th Amendment
-No person should answer for a capital, or an infamous crime, UNLESS upon indictment of Grand Jury. Except in cases of land/naval forces and in the militia during war time or public danger. -No person should be subject to jeopardy of limb or life for the same offense twice. -No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself in a criminal case, -No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, and property without due process of law. -Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.
TX Constitution on Taking Property for Public Use
-No person's property shall be taken damaged, or destroyed for or applied to public use without compensation. UNLESS owner consents and ONLY IF: 1. Ownership, use, or enjoyment will be by the state or the public, or for entity granted lawful eminent domain. OR 2. Elimination of urban blight on a particular parcel of property.
CATEGORIES OF WANDERING BY NATIONAl AUTISM ASSOCIATION -nighttime wandering; disorientation/bored/transition/confusion
-OTHER
Texas Constitution on Petition for Redness of Grievances.
-People can apply redness of grievances through petition, adress, or remonstrance.
Field Inquiry as a Vital Source of Information
-People in area personally know officer -Learning the socio-economic makeup of beat. -Learning people's workplaces and vehicles they drive.
Mental health conditions most commonly encountered by law enforcement officers:
-Personality disorders -Mood disorders -Thought disorders -Developmental disorders -Cognitive disorders -Post Tramatic Stress disorders -Suicidality/Suicide ideation
Examples of Antisocial behavior:
-Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15 -A pattern of rule breaking and failure to conform to social norms (infringing upon the rights of others) and, or consistently engaging in illegal behavior -Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal gain -Aggressiveness as indicated by repeated physical altercations (including the use of weapons) and/or a history or propensity to harm animals -Consistent your responsibility as indicated by failure to sustain gainful employment or honor financial obligations -Lack of remorse -Lack of willingness to except accountability or consequences of their own actions -When considering the continuum of severity, this diagnosis could as easily apply to the gang member or the Wall Street executive -Most frequently diagnosed in males
Elements and procedures of crime scene photography
-Preparation -Take first photo of card identifying photographer, date, location, and case number -maintain log of photos -do not delete photos that are out of focus -photograph starting with exterior to interior, or with a landmark to locate evidence; then work to detail from farthest relevant point -to achieve a progression, the crime scene should be covered by photographs from: overall/ long-range, mid-range, close-up -photograph specifics of crime, evidence, victims, weapons etc. -special documentation requirements:sexual assault, child abuse, family violence
Overview of Policing, its needs/problems:
-Role -Budget -Crime trends -Police procedures -Legal issues
Three basic concepts of weaponless strategies
-Self-Control -Balance -Awareness
Senate Bill 742: ATREMPTED CHILD ABDUCTION -This bill enacted during the 83rd Legislature required who to collect info on attempted child abduction? "..Shall make the report by use of..?"
-TX Missing Person Clearinghouse TX LE Televomm System or system used by LE and operated by DPS
Remember, handcuffs are a ____________________ restraining device only!
-Temporary
Texas Constitution on Rights of the Accused in Criminal Prosecutions
-The accused shall have a SPEEDY and PUBLIC trial by an IMPARTIAL JURY. -Right to demand NATURE & CAUSE of accusation against him and a copy of such. -Shall not be compelled to give evidence against him. -Shall have right to be heard by himself, or counsel, or both. -Shall be confronted by witnesses against him and have COMPULSORY PROCESS for obtaining witnesses in his favor. EXCEPT when witness resides out of state and offense is an anti-trust violation of this state. -Defendant AND state shall have right to produce evidence by deposition based on legislative law. -No person shall be held to answer for criminal offense UNLESS in cases where punishment is by fine or imprisonment other than penitentiary, in cases of impeachment or militia during war time or public danger.
The number of officers shot with their own weapon is reason enough for the need for training in ________________ retention.
-Weapons -. A discussion of various techniques/concepts as well as advantages and disadvantages of those techniques and concepts is an important step toward that training.
Preliminary investigatory procedures: Sexual assault
-aid the victim -preserve evidence -document injuries -photograph or videotape area -interview witnesses -interview victim -prepare preliminary report
9 categories of criminal homicide
-anger killing -revenge or jealousy killing -triangle killing -killing for profit -random killing -drive by shootings -murder suicide -sex and sadism -felony murder (in the commission of felony)
evaluate hazards of area to be searched and what safety measures may be necessary
-are there physical hazards present -are there geographic hazards -is personal protective equipment needed
Legal authority for crime scene
-peace officer to prevent injury -conduct of peace officer -duties performed by medical examiner -removal of body and property from place of death -sealing premises of deceased by medical examiner
Components of a pre-shift vehicle inspection:
1. Mechanical check 2. Interior check 3. exterior check 4. required inventory
Completion of the most current state and federal update course is required during each :
24-month unit.
In 2017, Approximately, 1 in ____ adults in the U.S. experience a serious mental illness in a given year that substantially interferes with one or more life activities.
25
A study of the U.S. Homeless population in 2015 indicated that at minimum, ______ were seriously mentally ill at any given point in time.
25%
Examinees are allowed ______exam attempts within _____days.
3, 180.
The temperature of the body is normally_________
98.6 F
The term 'insanity' is not a psychological term but is -
A legal term used as a defense to avoid criminal consequences for certain acts
Property seized must be kept as provided by the order of who?
A magistrate.
Definition of Bipolar Disorder:
A mental illness involving cycles between extreme activity and emotional highs (mania) and depression
Bipolar Disorder is:
A mental illness involving mania and intense enthusiasm and depression
Offense within view
A peace officer or ANY other person, may arrest without warrant when the offense is committed in his presence or within his view if the offense constitutes a felony or an offense against the public peace. A peace officer may arrest an offender without a warrant for any offense committed in his presence or within his view.
Unlawful Restraint
A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly restrains another person Class A Misd; unless Child under 17= SJF Risk of SBI= 3rd degree Felony
TC 542.002 GOVERNMENT VEHICLES
A provision of this subtitle applicable to an operator of a vehicle applies to the operator of a vehicle owned or operated by the United States, this state, or a political subdivision of this state, except as specifically provided otherwise by this subtitle for an authorized emergency vehicle.
Civil Immunity CPRP 83.001
Affirmative defense -a defendant who uses force or deadly force that is justified under ch 9 PC is immune from civil liability for personal injury or death that results from the defendant's use of force or deadly force, as applicable.
The best way to determine illegal identification is to contact the ___________________ which is said to have originally issued the documents.
Agency
Yellow Awareness
Alert to surroundings (noises, movements, smells)
What is the purpose of "No knock warrants"?
Allows officers to enter the premises without warning to occupants to protect officers from being shot if occupants are known to be armed or to prevent disposal of contraband.
Six Different Patrol Modes:
Bicycle patrol Motorcycle patrol Foot patrol Automobile patrol Fixed wing and helicopter patrol Mounted patrol
The appropriate response by a Texas peace officer to a domestic violence situation is to A. counsel the participants and persuade one of them to leave. B. Advise the victim to go to the prosecutor and file charges. C. arrest the offender and file a domestic violence complaint D. Refer the parties to a marriage counselor.
C
Wandering
Categories of ____________: •Goal-Directed •Bolting/Fleeing •Nighttime wandering •Wandering due to disorientation, boredom, transition or confusion •The individual simply loses their way/ becomes lost
Mandatory Rule
Certain consulates MUST be notified regardless of the detainee wishes.
What chapter are force options found in the penal code?
Chapter 9
7
Children intaked as runaways, 1 in ___ are likely victims of child sex trafficking
1st Amendment
Congress shall make no law establishing religion or prohibiting its free exercise, or abridging freedom of speech, press, or right to PEACEBLY assemble and petition government to redness grievances.
Special Search Considerations:
Consult departmental policy for searching suspects
The commission SHALL revoke any license of an individual convicted of a Felony immediately upon receipt of a:
Court Judgement.
Post mortem lividity
Dark blue discoloration observable on parts of the body nearest to the ground May provide clue as to whether body moved after death Appears about *2 hours* after death
Unguided Imagery (Relaxation Techniques)
Daydreaming without direction
Health of effects of a CBRNE incident?
Death Temporary impairment Permanent disability Psychological Stress Post-Traumatic Stress disorders
Criminally Negligent Homicide (19.05)
Death of an individual by criminal negligence. Penalty: State jail felony
Incidents involving explosive devices
Describe safety procedures to be employed in area: Determine make up and population of area threatened. Determine if evacuation is necessary. Secure area, control entry of unauthorized persons.
The countries many "slaves' are taken to are those that have an ______________ as well as _____________.
Economic prosperity, disposable incomes
Provide victims of human trafficking a place to live, work and explain their actual situation; debt, responsibility and so on.
Employer
Certain characteristics are quantifiable suicide risk factors. Which of the below answers is NOT a recognized risk factor?
Ethnicity
refers to shared culture and background/usually have common ancestry, share same language, religion and other culture patterns
Ethnicity
8th Amendment
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Bringham City, Utah v. Stuart
Exigent circumstances such as breaking up a violent fight permit warrantless entry into dwelling.
Step Six
Explain what the violator must do
What is the central collection point for the Identity Theft Date Clearinghouse, federal governments database for tracking ID crimes?
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Vehicle steering techniques: ,
Hand positioning ,Shuffle steering ,Evasive steering ,Counter steering ,Unavoidable collisions
casual crowd
Has no unity of purpose and no leadership, i.e.. shoppers, on-lookers, or watchers who come and go, and will usually respond to direction by police.
200 BPM
Heart rates above ____, an officer may exhibit irrational behavior such as repetitive non productive activities.
2
High Risk Factor ___: Juveniles in foster care with 2 or more missing reports in 24 months.
Requires that no person be treated unfairly, unjustly, or with bias or prejudice
Impartial enforcement of the law
is a fundamental requirement made of all peace officers. it is not only a moral requirement in our treatment of each individual with whom we deal
Impartiality
Where was the origin of crisis intervention training?
In Memphis Tennessee after police shot a 26-year-old man with mental illness in September 1987
Neither the US or any State shall assume debt incurred in:
In aid of insurrection or rebellion against U.S., or any claim of loss of a slave. These are illegal and void.
6th Amendment
In all criminal prosecution: -Accused shall enjoy right to speedy and public trial. -Impartial jury of state and district with that crime jurisdiction in a PUBLIC trial. -Be informed of nature and cause of accusation. -To be confronted by witnesses against him. -To have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor. -Assistance of defense counsel.
When are senators and representatives not privileged from arrest during legislature session?
In case of treason, felony, or breach of the peace.
In what format shall line of duty deaths be reported to the commission?
In current peace officers' memorial reporting formats.
7th Amendment
In suits at common law (civil cases) where value exceeds $20, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States.
Preparedness
Individual and community ________________ is fundamental to the success of reunification efforts
The officer must attach an ______ list to a warrant after its completion with any items seized.
Inventory
What are rhe levels of sex offenders based on their risk to the community?
LVL 1(LOW)= Not likely LVL 2(MODERATE)= May continue LVL 3(HIGH)- Will continue
The Three Point Assessment includes consideration of what three parts of mental functioning?
Level of Comprehension, Behavior, and Emotion
Condition yellow is a ____ _____ for peace officers.
Lifetime commitment.
An officer is eligible for inclusion on the Peace Officer's Memorial if fatal incident was result of:
Line of duty, on or off duty.
If property is real property, state attorney SHALL file a ______ ______ notice at county clerk where property is located describing the property no later than______ days after proceedings are commenced.
Lis pendens notice, 3 days.
LEAPS
Listen Empathize Ask Paraphrase Summarize
The 80/20 rule is:
Listen 80% of the time, talk 20% of the time.
L.E.A.P.S. Communication stands for:
Listen, Empathize, Ask questions, Paraphrase, Summarize
What does L.E.A.P.S stand for?
Listen, Empathize, Ask, Paraphrase, Summarize
Apprehension Patrol
Low visibility and surveillance
Authority of Peace Officers
May arrest without warrant: -Person found in suspicious places and under circumstances that reasonably show that he has been guilty of some felony, breach of the peace, or threaten to commit some offense against the law. -Persons who the PO has probable cause to believe they have committed an assault resulting in bodily injury and that there is danger to further bodily injury to that same person. -Persons who the officer has probable cause to believe they have committed an offense not in the presence of the PO. -Offender has committed family violence. -Offender interfered with victim's ability to call 911. -Person who makes a statement against their penal interest. -Person who violates protective order.
Human trafficking and ____________ slavery are very real problems.
Moden day
Mental Illness is an indication of weakness or character flaws, and people can 'snap out of it' if they try hard enough.
Myth
Buildings where illegal entry is suspected
Notify dispatch. Request backup. Secure point of entry and other exits. Request dispatcher to notify property owner. Leave officers to secure perimeter. At least two should enter the building to make search. Search should be based on all knowledge available. Backup team covers search team. Search the premises using appropriate techniques. The team should stay together and search each room thoroughly before moving to the next room. The team should leave the suspect(s) an opportunity to leave.
Awareness: Define
Observe the entire situation and be aware of where the suspect's hands are weapons, associates or relatives of the suspect, escape routes for the suspect, and your own footing.
Factors contributing to traffic collisions:
Overconfidence Self-righteousness Impatience Preoccupation Peer pressure
A suicide risk assessment includes several parts. Which of the below answers represents those parts?
Plan, Method, Means, Intent
To be diagnosed with PTSD an individual must persistently re-experience the event in at least one of the following ways except:
Repeated alcohol intoxicating events
Seizure
Restraint of property by PO by physical force or by display of authority. Includes collection of property or the act of taking possession of property.
Prevention of crime is the________ of all criminological theories.
Soundest.
An agency chief administrator must report, in a _______ format, ______ ______data compiled in accordance with Texas Occupations Code §1701.164.
Standard format, incident-based data.
7 basic tactics for making contact
Standard right-side approach. Standard left side approach. Tactical right side walk up. Tactical left side walk up. Walk back. Walk through. Low profile position.
Priorities of immediate action
Stopping the action. Rescuing victims. Apprehending suspects
The most efficient way to slow or stop is to brake in a _________ ______.*
Straight line
To qualify for a basic peace officer proficiency certificate, an applicant must have:
Successful completion of the Agency's field training program.
40 and 59
Suicide rates are highest for people between the ages of __ and __
Standing Body Wall Search:
Suspect is standing facing a wall or other barrier
Government vehicles -
TC 542.002
Permissible conduct -
TC 546.001- Sec. 546.001. PERMISSIBLE CONDUCT. In operating an authorized emergency vehicle the operator may: (1) park or stand, irrespective of another provision of this subtitle; (2) proceed past a red or stop signal or stop sign, after slowing as necessary for safe operation; (3) exceed a maximum speed limit, except as provided by an ordinance adopted under Section 545.365, as long as the operator does not endanger life or property; and (4) disregard a regulation governing the direction of movement or turning in specified directions.
Step Five
Take that action
_______ _ ___________ is vital to the victims.
Taking a written report
Non-punitive interaction with the public means:
Talking to people
Crowd Management
Techniques used to manage lawful public assemblies before, during and after the event for the purpose of maintaining their lawful status
Commission rules are published in the _____ as they are proposed and adopted.
Texas Register.
Who is responsible for making any and all reports and submitting any and all documents required of an agency by the commission?
The Agency Chief.
*Negative Weight Shift
The FRONT wheels break traction easier than the rear wheels due to the weight shift to the rear. Less force is needed to turn the wheels and there is less response to rapid steering. More traction force is used for acceleration and less for turning.
Advantages of immediate action
The ability to rapidly deploy then neutralize the suspect. To quickly contain and isolate the suspect. To move in and rescue the wounded or evacuate potential victims.
Factors that separate actions of an active shooter from other mass murderers
The active shooter lacks desire to conceal crime or intent to escape. The active shooter may be using this form to gain final notoriety and go out with a bang. The active shooter positions with access to potential victims. Injured victims are present and requiring immediate medical attention. An immediate intervention by police is required to save lives.
What is a Criminal Investigation?
The process of legally gathering evidence of a crime that has been or is being committed
Progressive Muscular Relaxation (Relaxation Techniques)
This technique teaches to recognize muscular tension and how to make a muscle relax causing general relaxation
TCOLE is empowered and creates rules for the oversight of Law Enforcement Agencies based on:
Title 10 of the Occupations Code chapter 1701.
Texans have an inalienable right at all times to do what?
To alter, reform, or abolish their government as they may think expedient.
True or False? Paranoid is a tendency to interpret actions of others as deliberate threat or demean
True
Problems with Verbosity
Using too many words. Often, in an unnecessary attempt to impress the reader, the writer uses unnecessary phrases or words. This can be, and often should be, avoided.
Cohesive crowd
Usually assembles for a common purpose without leadership, i.e. spectators at sporting events, along parade routes, and other activities. They have a common interest but behave and think as individuals.
3 Types of Visual Presence:
Vehicular, On Foot, Other.
The commission MAY suspend any license if the licensee:
Violates any provision of the Texas Occupations Code, Ch 1701
Which answer is the best definition of survivor's guilt?
When someone survives an incident, and is left feeling that they should have died instead
When does a forfeiture proceeding comennces?
When the State Attorney files a notice in the name of the state of the seizure and intended forfeiture, with the clerk of the district court is county where seizure is made.
Passive Voice
When the verb is in the active voice, the subject performs the action. When the verb is in the passive voice, the subject receives the action. Generally, use the active voice- the sentence is clearer and stronger.
Cadaveric Spasm (Instantaneous Rigor Mortis)
When there is severe injury to the central nervous system or when there was great tension at the time of death, sometimes stiffening occurs immediately. A prolongation of the last violent contraction of the muscles into the rigidity of death.
After you pass the TCOLE exam, when do you receive your license?
When you are commissioned and sworn in at a department.
In 1904 an international treaty was signed to prevent the sale and trade of ______________.
White women
Color Codes of Awareness:
White. Yellow. Orange. Red. Black
List the questions to be answered in the field notes to complete a report.
Who,What,When(Date&Time),Where,How, and Why
___________, ______________ and _____________ are all potential victims of human trafficking.
Women, Children and Men
Criminally
You can run red lights and stop signs.
Initial
_________ Phase of the field interview should be conducted in a manner so as to establish the child's statements, which will form the basis in assessing the child's level of risk.
Bolting/Fleeing
_________/_________ Wandering: Suddenly running or bolting, usually to quickly get away from something, a negative reaction to an event, anxiety, fear, excitement, stress, or uncomfortable sensory
Final
____________ Phase of field interview: Additional information must be obtained, based on the initial and secondary information gathered, in order to make determination about allowing the child to remain unsupervised or placing the child in protective custody
39.3 Discuss the range of punishment for animal cruelty and its defense to prosecution. Cruelty to animals (42.092 Non-livestock) (g) this section does not create
a civil cause of action for damages or enforcement of the section.
Rescue team
a slow moving and methodical team to search and recover.
riot
a social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected
drift turn*
a turn negotiated with no brakes. As he vehicle is allowed to coast through the turn, the speed of the vehicle drops due to lateral friction forces (turning brake).
mental health courts
a type of court that combines judicial supervision with community mental health treatment and support services in an effort to reduce criminal recidivism; improve quality of life of people with mental illnesses and increase their participation in effective treatment; and to reduce the court-and corrections-related costs
grid search
a variation of the strip or line search utilizing two compass directions. this type of search is useful for providing two views of the same area
Criminal Attempt (PC 15.01)
a) A person commits an offense if, with specific intent to commit an offense, he does an act amounting to more than mere preparation that tends but fails to effect the commission of the offense intended. (b) If a person attempts an offense that may be aggravated, his conduct constitutes an attempt to commit the aggravated offense if an element that aggravates the offense accompanies the attempt. (c) It is no defense to prosecution for criminal attempt that the offense attempted was actually committed. (d) An offense under this section is one category lower than the offense attempted, and if the offense attempted is a state jail felony, the offense is a Class A misdemeanor.
A child may consent to medical, dental, psychological, and surgical treatment for the child by a licensed physician or dentist if the child is on _________________________________ of the United States of America.
active duty with the armed services
Categorical
arrangement of information by category (e.g., witnesses, suspects, crime elements)
Chronological
arrangement of information in order of occurrence
First responder suicide
average age: 42 time on job: 16 years 96% male by firearms
Questions that help make decisions
can you get to the suspect quickly? Are there other potential victims? Are there other officers ahead/behind you?
The following persons may consent to medical, dental, psychological, and surgical treatment of a child when the person having the right to consent as otherwise provided by law ____________________ and that person has not given actual notice to the contrary to a grandparent of the child or an adult brother or sister of the child.
cannot be contacted
Tennessee v. Garner Significance
deadly force may be used only to prevent escape if the officer has PC to believe the suspect poses a substantial risk of death or SBI to the officer or others
The most effective means of preventing riots and mobs is to .....
eliminate conditions that leads to violence and lawlessness.
Concealment
hides you from view but without protection.
Business record theft
identity thieves can get info from the workplace by stealing files out of offices where you are a customer.
9.51 Arrest and Search D:
if a LEO is instructing a civilian to do something , they can
The work is ......
inherently dangerous.
Resisters
judgment are not swayed, maintain level heads
Shoulder surfing
looking over your shoulder or from a nearby location as you enter your PIN number at an ATM
Statistically, 6L is .....
most dangerous.
*napd* shuffle steering
most efficient for high speed driving
Communicate and cooperate with
other officers and with dispatcher.
Traffic Collision Factors
over confidenceself-righteousness,impatience,preoccupation,peer pressure
Personality disorders most commonly encountered by LE include:
paranoid personality disorder antisocial personality disorder borderline personality disorder narcissistic personality disorder
Who are yielders (regarding mobs)?
parts of a mob (gives in to the influence of others)
Terry v. Ohio
pat down case
PCP stands for
phenylcyclohexylpiperidine
The "Violent Incident" phase of the cycle of family violence can be characterized by ____________________assault.
physical and sexual
Traumatic exposures that can cause PTSD in veterans are
physical injuries witnessing/experiencing/participating in combat military sexual trauma moral injuries
Methods to determine the ________________________ at a family violence call could be to determine who poses the most danger to the other, is one party in actual fear of the other or was the amount of force used appropriate and reasonable?
predominant aggressor
It is important to remember that it is _________ to see someone intoxicated from the ingestion of just one type of drug, dangerous drug, or other substance.
rare
A person who takes possession of a child without a court order is immune from civil liability if, at the time possession is taken, there is ____________________________ there is an immediate danger to the physical health or safety of the child.
reasonable cause to believe
The primary goal of CIT involves calming persons with mental illness who are in crisis and:
referring them to mental health care services.
Personality disorders are patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are ____________ and that deviates markedly from the person's culture.
relatively stable (inflexible)
For mentally ill people with access to medication, they often decline or discontinue the medication because:
remove drive and creativity can be lethal start to feel better, therefore it's no longer needed
Aggressive mob
riots, terrorizes, lynching, political or in prison
The three-phase model consists of:
safety, stability, problem solving
First responder should also establish ______________ _____________ and attempt to identify leaders or agitators of the crowd.
secure perimeters
When a pedestrian is carrying something
something suspicious, acting strange, staying in the same place, or stopping others.
Automobile patrol
speed, mobility; visibility increases; protection of officer; carry extra equipment
HIPS
stands for Homicide in Progress School. Involve random acts of violence committed by an active shooter, whose intent appears to be that of mass murder rather than some other criminal conduct.
Criteria under which peace officers operate an emergency vehicle are:
state law and department policy (general orders)
Escape mob
state of panic, lost power of reasoning
counter steer*
steer into direction of skid
People are reluctant to seek treatment of a metal illness because:
stigmas associated with mental illness like: labeling stereotyping creating division (us vs. them) discriminating
Dementia can be caused by a number of different health conditions, including vascular disease, brain damage, __________, as well as other conditions.
stroke
A vehicle stop begins when ....
the Officer has PC or reasonable suspicion to detain a person or a vehicle.
Reasonable or Necessary Force
the amount of lawful physical coercion sufficient to achieve a legitimate law enforcement objective and is objectively reasonable under the facts circumstances and alternatives confronting an officer at the time actions are taken
*NAPD*Apex
the geometric midpoint of the inside edge of a turn. It is sometimes called a "literal apex".
The more time you spend in white.....
the greater your become a statistic.
Legal reasons
the law of the land
Use of force to resist arrest or search is justified if:
the officer is using greater force than necessary
Estimate property values of stolen or recovered goods
the officer should obtain the victims estimate of property value
Evidence is located and identified
the person doing this marks on evidence or attatches a tag on evidence showing name of person, date, offense, location found and case number if available.
vehicle dynamics*
the physical forces acting upon a moving vehicle, and how those forces affect the operation of the vehicle.
Escapes while in kill zones 1 & 2 are towards .....
the rear of the patrol unit.
Notify the Social Security Admin about ID crime if:
there was a misuse of a social security number
Dumpster Diving
thieves go through your garbage to find documents with your personal information
Sec. 546.005. DUTY OF CARE.
this chapter does not relieve the operator of an authorized emergency vehicle from: (1) the duty to operate the vehicle with appropriate regard for the safety of all persons; or (2) the consequences of reckless disregard for the safety of others.
One of the characteristics of a batterer is that he uses __________________________.
violence to get what he wants
Quotation Marks
when quoting someone's exact words, you MUST use quotation marks.
Child ID Kit
• Clear color photo that shows what child really looks like. update every 6 months. • Name/nicknames, DOB, Sex, Hair/Eye color, weight, height, glasses, braces, identifying marks. • Should be kept in fireproof safe and in a place that is easy for parent/guardian to get to in an emergency. • Should be included in families evacuation bags.
Concept of control
• Control is that degree of influence the officer must exert over the violator to take him or her safely into custody • Control is a "two-way street." An officer must be in complete self-control to be able to control a violator • Self-control alone will be one of the greatest assets in dealing with a law violator • Self-control results from the development of confidence in one's skills • Self-control is achieved through training and practice both on the job and off • The objective of using control is to elicit cooperation from the violator
2. Alter (Three basic approaches to stress management)
• Minimizing the physiological response of the body to a stressor • Remove stress by changing something • Time Management • Problem Solving • Planning • Direct communication
Manslaughter (PC 19.04)
(a) A person commits an offense if he recklessly causes the death of an individual. (b) An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree.
Disruptive activities
(a) A person commits an offense if the person, alone or in concert with others, intentionally engages in disruptive activity on the campus or property of any private or public school.
Disruption of classes
(a) A person other than a primary or secondary grade student enrolled in the school commits an offense if the person, on school property or on public property within 500 feet of school property, alone or in concert with others, intentionally disrupts the conduct of classes or other school activities.
TC 546.004 EXCEPTIONS TO SIGNAL REQUIREMENT.
(a) A volunteer fire fighter who operates a private vehicle as an authorized emergency vehicle may engage in conduct permitted by Section 546.001 only when the fire fighter is using visual signals meeting the pertinent requirements of Sections 547.305 and 547.702. (b) An authorized emergency vehicle that is operated as a police vehicle is not required to be equipped with or display a red light visible from the front of the vehicle. (c) A police officer may operate an authorized emergency vehicle for a law enforcement purpose without using the audible or visual signals required by Section 546.003 if the officer is: (1) responding to an emergency call or pursuing a suspected violator of the law with probable cause to believe that: (A) knowledge of the presence of the officer will cause the suspect to: (i) destroy or lose evidence of a suspected felony; (ii) end a suspected continuing felony before the officer has obtained sufficient evidence to establish grounds for arrest; or (iii) evade apprehension or identification of the suspect or the suspect's vehicle; or (B) because of traffic conditions on a multilaned roadway, vehicles moving in response to the audible or visual signals may: (i) increase the potential for a collision; or (ii) unreasonably extend the duration of the pursuit; or (2) complying with a written regulation relating to the use of audible or visible signals adopted by the local government that employs the officer or by the department.
Online Solicitation of a Minor
(a) In this section: (1) "Minor" means: (A) an individual who is younger than 17 years of age; or (B) an individual whom the actor believes to be younger than 17 years of age. (2) "Sexual contact," "sexual intercourse," and "deviate sexual intercourse" have the meanings assigned by Section 21.01 . (3) "Sexually explicit" means any communication, language, or material, including a photographic or video image, that relates to or describes sexual conduct, as defined by Section 43.25 . (b) A person who is 17 years of age or older commits an offense if, with the intent to commit an offense listed in Article 62.001(5)(A), (B), or (K), Code of Criminal Procedure , the person, over the Internet, by electronic mail or text message or other electronic message service or system, or through a commercial online service, intentionally: (1) communicates in a sexually explicit manner with a minor; or (2) distributes sexually explicit material to a minor. (c) A person commits an offense if the person, over the Internet, by electronic mail or text message or other electronic message service or system, or through a commercial online service, knowingly solicits a minor to meet another person, including the actor, with the intent that the minor will engage in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, or deviate sexual intercourse with the actor or another person. (d) It is not a defense to prosecution under Subsection (c) that the meeting did not occur. (e) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that at the time conduct described by Subsection (c) was committed: (1) the actor was married to the minor; or (2) the actor was not more than three years older than the minor and the minor consented to the conduct. (f) An offense under Subsection (b) is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is a felony of the second degree if the minor is younger than 14 years of age or is an individual whom the actor believes to be younger than 14 years of age at the time of the commission of the offense. An offense under Subsection (c) is a felony of the second degree. (g) If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.
Value of crime scene sketches
*Sketch*: Drawing which represents crime scene and serves to supplement photography by providing accurate info concerning distance between various points in scene Helpful in reconstructing crime scene Record exact locations/relationships of pieces of evidence and surroundings of crime scene
39.19 Examine the use of force continuum principal. Deadly force: Canines actions:
- Bite continuously gripping the body - Direct charge with no hesitation - Active aggressive pack
39.23 Discuss additional techniques to use to survive a canine attack. Surviving the attack. Do not yell or scream and never run.
- Brace yourself: • A canine attacking at full run is no match for human. • Stay calm and loose, bracing yourself just before impact. • Try a side stepping maneuver to avoid impact.
39.13 Identify tools of opportunity (items found at the scene) Chemical spray:
- Chemical spray should be used when the canine is circling the officer, marking fast hit and run attacks in close, or the officer is backed into a corner. - The officer should use his/her weak hand to administer the OC spray, keeping the dominant hand ready to use other tools available.
What are the categories of the "power & control" wheel?
- Coercion & Threat - Intimidation - Emotional Abuse - Isolation - Minimizing, Denying, and Blaming - Using children - Economic abuse - Male privilege
Components of the NATIONAL INCIDENT MANAGMENT SYSTEM
- Command and Management - Preparedness - Resource Management - Communications and information Management - Supporting Technologies - Ongoing Maintenance and Management
39.19 Examine the use of force continuum principal. Verbal Commands: Canines actions:
- Confrontation - Mouth tense and closed - Approaching slowly - Head turned but still looking at you - Eyes wide open - Tail slowly wagging, tail stiff, or tucked in between his legs.
39.19 Examine the use of force continuum principal. Strike or impact weapon: Officers actions:
- Defensive options should be effective, safe and humane, easily deployable, acceptable or defensible to the observing public, and no risk to the observing public. - Strike or impact weapon may be used if there are by standards and you are unable to use deadly force do to your surroundings or potential of hitting victims. - Baton, flashlight, clipboard, etc. should be as distraction device on aggressive canines, and the officer should always remain calm and present a consciously moving object to the animal, making the animal concentrate on the object, not the officer. Care should be taken where the animal is struck if these are to be used as an impact weapon. - When using a taser tilt it to the side to spread the probes sideways. A taser can cause serious injury or death to an animal and so should be used sparingly.
Infrastructure impacts of a CBRNE incident?
- Disruption of traffic and other modes of transportation - Budget and resource strains on government and commercial entities - Reduction in available services - Overwhelmed health care system
39.20 list what should be done if deadly force must be used. Description of dog:
- Do not specify breed, stay with basic color, size, and sex. - Using specific breed descriptions gives attorneys the opportunity to examine your report. If the dog was not a pit type dog and you described the dog as one, the remainder of your report will be critiqued and questioned for accuracy.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. Overall posture:
- Dogs also use their bodies to communicate their intentions. In genera, dogs try to look normal, smaller or larger. - If a dog is feeling happy an content he will look normal- relaxed muscles and weight evenly balance on all 4 feet. Summerly when he is playful he will look normal. - He may be bouncing around or running wildly with exaggerated movements, but his facial expression and his muscles will be related and nothing about his body will look natural.
39.10 List at least 4 types of dog aggression. Pain aggression:
- Dogs can hide pain symptoms very well. Additionally dogs cannot tell us verbally something is wrong. - Pain causes a dog to change behaviors to avoid the source of discomfort, so remember; just like us dogs have a different degrees of pain tolerance. - Remember when approaching an injured dog use extreme caution, they could try to snap or bite at you to try and stop you from touching him.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. The hair:
- Dogs may also signal their emotional state by raising their hair, which is called piloerection or more colloquially, raising the hackles. - Most often this is the hair on their necks and backs. - Dogs raise their hair when they are aroused by something. - It is comparable to a person having goose bumps. - Raised hackles can mean that the dog is afraid, angry, insecure, unsure, nervous or wildly excited about something.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. Overall posture: An assertive (dominate) alert or aroused dog tries to make himself look large. His muscles will be tense. He will stand erect, sometimes even on his tiptoes, with his neck and head raised above his shoulders.
- Either his weight will be center over all 4 feet or he will be leaning slightly forward on his front legs.
39.19 Examine the use of force continuum principal. Distraction device: Canine actions:
- Enters your social space 4 to 12 feet. - Gaining confidence to bite by gaining closer and closer while you are backward. - Direct eye contact that becomes tunnel vision.
39.23 Discuss additional techniques to use to survive a canine attack. Punching and kicking.
- For the most part punching and kicking a canine is pointless .
39.10 List at least 4 types of dog aggression. Fear aggression:
- Handling fear aggression in a dog requires patience and consistent reinforcement and in some cases, chemical immobilization. - This dog is usually nervous, insecure, and frightened most of the time. - He usually reacts to almost any disturbance from radio, sirens and to approaching officers. - Be ready for quick response and try not to back this type of a dog into a corner if possible.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. The mouth: A dog who is signaling his intentions to act aggressively will often retract his lips to expose his teeth.
- He may pull his lips up vertically to display his front teeth while also wrinkling the top of his muzzle. - This is typical of a dog who is warning you not to come closer.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. Overall posture: When a dog is scared he will be hunched over as though trying to look small.
- He might lower his body or even coward on the ground. - His head will be held low as well. - if something or someone frightens him he will recoil away from it.
What are some adverse consequences of insensitivity?
- Hurt Feelings - Anger - Loss of personal/professional respect - ineffective performances -behavior
39.10 List at least 4 types of dog aggression. Punishment aggression:
- If an officer physically punishes a dog for growling, the dog may stop growling and proceed to bite. - Growling is a dogs way of warning us that he is uncomfortable and that if we don't go away there could be trouble. - Punishing this warning those not make sense; we do not want to prevent the dog from warning us he is about to fight. - Officers can cause this form of aggression by being abusive or overly dominant when approaching this type of dog.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. The tail: If he is happy, he may wag it gently from side to side.
- If he is really happy like when greets you after a long absence, his tail will wag more forcefully from side to side or might even more in a circular patter. - If the dog feels nervous or submissive, he will hold his tail lower and might even tuck it between his rear legs. - He may still wag it from side to side, often at a more rapid pace that if he is relaxed - If he is really scared or feeling extremely submissive, he will hold his tail tucked up tight against his belly.
39.23 Discuss additional techniques to use to survive a canine attack. The Stand off. Verbal commands such as Stop, bad dog, sit, and down should be attempted at this time, as well as calling for assistance.
- If you find yourself in a stand off call for assistance.
39.10 List at least 4 types of dog aggression. Redirected aggression:
- If you interrupt a dogs aggression towards another person or an animal and the dog barks at, snaps at, growls at or bites you, this is considered redirected aggression. - This can happen to anyone who tries to interfere when a dog is about to attack or is already in the fight.
39.12 Describe the utilization of common tools carried by law enforcement in the non-lethal control of canine. Tools: Officers voice
- In any situation with canines an officer MUST maintain a calm, commanding voice. - An officer will use this on initial contact with canine. - The canine may be slowly approaching, mouth closed, eyes wide open, head turned but still watching.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. The tail: If he is standing his ground or threatening someone, he may flag his tail, which means he holds it stiff and high and moves it rigidly back and forth.
- It might look like he is wagging his tail but everything else about his body tells you that he is not feeling friendly at the moment.
39.19 Examine the use of force continuum principal. Officer presence (calm behavior) Officers actions:
- Mentally prepare yourself. Have a mental picture of what you are going to do in the case there is a canine. - Make your presence known: • Raddle the gate • Beat on the door of the car • Whistle or call out to the canine. - Anticipate the presence of a canine. - Some officers carry canine treats. - Evaluate your body language. Blade your body away with weak side facing the canine.
39.12 Describe the utilization of common tools carried by law enforcement in the non-lethal control of canine. Tools: Remain calm give simple commands
- Never stare. - Most canines understand sit, no, stay with an outstretched arm. - Try commands in Spanish, sentarse, no, estancia. - If the owner is present direct the owner to confine their canine.
Recognize the presence of CBRNE threat
- Observations (odors, noises, wind direction, placards, signs, etc) - Assessment (Hazard level, casualties, need for additional resources) - Plan (Response, exit strategy, precautions, etc) - Communicate (dispatch, casualties, good Samaritans) - Respond (Establish perimeter, first aid, enable ICS)
39.23 Discuss additional techniques to use to survive a canine attack. Surviving the attack.
- Officers should understand that no single dog presents a plausible risk of fatality to an able-bodied adult accompanied by other humans. - In fact, only very few dogs of the very largest types can match the force potential of even an unarmed human.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. The tail:
- People often assume that a dog with a wagging tail is a friendly dog, but this is not always the case. - Dogs wag their tail for numerous reasons, including when they are feeling aggressive. - More over a dog who is not wagging his tail can still be friendly.
39.10 List at least 4 types of dog aggression. Possessive aggression:
- Possessive aggression in dogs, also known as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, is an undesirable and potentially dangerous trait that develops when a dog feels need to protect his food, his companion, or another source. - He will bark growl, bare his teeth, snap or even bite when an officer approaches anything that he may consider his. - approaching this dog when he has something in his possession like food or toys could trigger this aggression.
39.10 List at least 4 types of dog aggression. Predatory aggression:
- Predatory aggression is a normal part of a dogs behavior. Dogs are carnivores and predators; individual dogs all have some type of drive to chase and kill prey. - There is no single cure or treatment for predatory aggression because it is a natural behavior. - This dog usually attacks an officer who is moving away from them, and will chase any officers that turn or run away from them. - It can be a mistake for any officer who thinks they can just turn away and run from this attacking dog.
39.19 Examine the use of force continuum principal. Officer presence (calm behavior). Canines actions:
- Protecting their territory and/or owner by barking inside or outside. - Element of surprise behavior (canine is startled) - Almost all dogs will try to bluff or threaten an intruder away before resorting to actual contact.
39.19 Examine the use of force continuum principal. Chemical spray: Officers actions:
- Recommended you use your weak hand to use OC spray while your dominant hand is ready for strikes, walking slowly backward.
What are some positive consequences of sensitivity?
- Respect of community; - respect from fellow professionals; - support for democratic principles - self-respect
39.19 Examine the use of force continuum principal. Verbal Commands: Officers actions:
- Stand still or slowly move backward - Use a normal but firm voice - Give simple commands (most canines understand sit, no, etc.) - Try commands in Spanish, sit, sentarse, no, {Stay, means estancia}( some canines with attack training are taught commands in German). - Direct owner if present to confine canine.
39.15 Identify canine conflict avoidance techniques. When encountering a dog an officer should:
- Stop all forward movement. - Tunr their body to the side. - Drop their gaze and watch the dog using peripheral vision (under no circumstances should an officer stare at a dog). - Speak calmly to the dog, simultaneously scanning the surroundings for escapes routes in case of an escalated event. - Verbal cues(sit, in a pleasant tone and then tossing treats) - Most importantly never run. A human cannot outrun a dog and they may respond by chasing, seeing it as play, but injury could still occur.
39.19 Examine the use of force continuum principal. Distraction device: Officer actions:
- Straight baton - ASP - Flashlight - Clipboard - Stick - Umbrella - Airhorn - Fire extinguisher - Other
39.10 List at least 4 types of dog aggression. Territorial aggression:
- Territorial aggression is a potentially dangerous behavior problem. - If the officer is not intimidated, warnings may escalate to include hostile posturing and lunging. - He can be a danger to any officer entering his domain and he could growl, lunge or even try to bite. - When officers walk down the street, alley, and sidewalk or even onto someone's property, he can be aggressive or dangerous to any officer approaching him. - This dog could be a threat if you violate his space; use extreme caution when approaching this dog.
39.23 Discuss additional techniques to use to survive a canine attack. The Stand off. The stand of is nothing more than you picking something up and placing it between you an the canine.
- The bigger the object the better, but use what ever you can get at the time. - Do not use something that will be to heavy. It will fatigue you and it will restrict your ability to use it effectively. - If you are lucky the object will not only shield you from the canine but it will also startle her. - This may give you enough time to retreat.
39.19 Examine the use of force continuum principal. Chemical spray: Canines actions:
- The canine is circling you - Canine makes fast and direct approach - Canine puts you into a corner - Canine bites and retreats, this is the hit and run method.
Factors to be considered when organizing for crowd management?
- The legal rights of the group assembled - Right of the public to carry on business - Tactical ability of the law enforcement agency to handle the situation at the time of the occurrence - Emotional complexion of the group due to court verdicts, union strikes, police shootings or incidents in a tense community
39.11 Describe the usage of on-scene awareness when approaching a situation involving a canine call. Public space:
- This area is greater than 12' from the animal, but it is still within the animals territory. When approach an animal in this area, the animal usually will try and run from you. - For a dog this is your interview distance- 12 feet.
39.10 List at least 4 types of dog aggression. Dominant aggression:
- This can be dangerous or unpredictable type of dog that can intimidate officers. - Usually one person has control over this type of dog and officers should be careful when approaching. - This type of dog also has a problem with strangers and usually does not discriminate. He could be friendly at times and other times not. - Never make the mistake of thinking this dogs temperament is protective, this aggression can be very dangerous.
39.11 Describe the usage of on-scene awareness when approaching a situation involving a canine call. Home range:
- This is the largest in which the animal will usually roam. - This area will very depending on the size, age, and behavior of the animal.
39.11 Describe the usage of on-scene awareness when approaching a situation involving a canine call. Social space:
- This space is a smaller area approximately 4 to 12 feet, within the public space. - When you approach an animal in their social space, they may either fight or run from you, depending on other social characteristics.
39.10 List at least 4 types of dog aggression. Dog on dog aggression:
- This usually occurs between dogs of the same sex. - Dogs may be aggressive towards other dogs for a variety of reasons, including lack of socialization with other dogs. - Fearfulness of other dogs. - Protecting their territory or resources from other dogs. - Barking, chasing , and growling, lunging and biting that is evident in mature dogs is generally seen in puppies during learning and playing.
39.12 Describe the utilization of common tools carried by law enforcement in the non-lethal control of canine. Tools and methods/common tools:
- Tools carried by an officer on his duty belt and in his patrol vehicle can be used to deter a canine from attacking. - These tools should be used to help the officer retreat to a safe point to reassess the situation. - Properly use of these tools give the officer the ability to humanely handle the canine in any situation.
39.10 List at least 4 types of dog aggression. Maternal aggression:
- What self-respecting mother would not do all within her power to look after the welfare of her offspring? - This aggression is most found in female dogs nursing or raising a litter of puppies. - This aggression usually occurs when you approach her puppies. She could bark growl or snap. - This aggression usually stops completely when her litter is gone or on their own.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. The Ears:
- When a dog is relaxed and comfortable he will hold his ears naturally. - When he is alert he will raise them higher on his head and he will direct them towards what ever is holding his interest. - A dog will also raise his ears up and forward when feeling aggressive. - If your dog has his ears pulled back slightly, he is signaling his intention to be friendly. - If his ears are completely flatten or stuck out to the sides of his head, he is signaling that he is frighten or feeling submissive.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. The mouth:
- When a dog is relaxed and happy he is likely to have his mouth closed or slightly opened. - If his mouth is opened he might be panting- this is how dogs cool their bodies. - You might see his teeth because his mouth is slightly opened.
39.11 Describe the usage of on-scene awareness when approaching a situation involving a canine call. Officer awareness:
- When approaching a call the officer needs to be aware of his or her surrounding: • Look for signs of canine in the property. • Canine houses. • Chains in the yard. • Worn patches or trails in the yard. • Food or water bowls on the porch. • Doggie doors (the size of the doggie door is directly proportional to the size of the canine) • Look for pet toys, items that appear to have been chewed or torn, holes or other indications of digging.
39.11 Describe the usage of on-scene awareness when approaching a situation involving a canine call. Reactionary gap for dogs:
- When entering an animals home range remember that all animals have a flight reaction distance. This is the closest you can get to that animal before causing a reaction. The animal will attempt to either run, fight or play. - Most animals will try to run and avoid a confrontation instead of fighting when you approach them. This is the flight response if given enough room most dogs will chose this. - If you enter the animals critical distance, it will usually attack you in an effort to escape. Reduce the chance of an animal attacking you by understanding how animals will react to your proximity.
39.23 Discuss additional techniques to use to survive a canine attack. The Stand off. Also try to place your back against something.
- While this will reduce your mobility, it will also reduce the directions the canine can attack from.
39.23 Discuss additional techniques to use to survive a canine attack. Throwing something.
- Wile this will not stop a canine from attacking (unless you are very good at throwing) it may give you a fraction of a second to plan another course of action. - You might get lucky enough to get a canine with a very strong fetch drive, like those canines that are addicted to those balls and Frisbees in the parks. Hopefully the canine will switch course but do not depend on this with a charging canine. - If you chose this option, try sand, dirt, medium sized rocks, keys, change, water, and the best option food, if you happened to have some.
39.21 Other methods for handling a canine. Other techniques. Caring for injured canine. Muzzling
- With a four foot piece of small rope or gauze, make a surgeons loop (double knot) in the middle. - Lace loop over dogs nose and pull snug - Pull ends under dogs mouth and tie with an overhand knot - Pull ends to the back of the dogs head and tie in a square or reefers knot.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. The mouth: A dog may draw his lip back horizontally so that his lip are really tight at the commissure (the corner of the mouth).
- With this expression you are more likely to see both his front and back teeth (premolars and molars). - This posture is often indicative of a dog who is feeling afraid. - However once a dog is ready to bite, he usually pulls his lips up and back so that his mouth is open and his teeth are exposed.
39.1 Define terms on the Penal Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. Reckless injury of innocent third party:
- even though and actor is justified under this chapter in threatening or using force or deadly force against another, if in doing so he also recklessly injures or kills an innocent third person, the justification afforded by this chapter is unavailable in a prosecution for the reckless injury or killing of the innocent third person.
Moral Considerations (deadly force)
- include statutory and case law and whether deadly force, justifiable, under the circumstances presented, may be avoided without risk of injury or death to the officer or others -administrative or departmental policy should be at least as restrictive as the law (in many cases - stricter than legal restrictions -informal organizational norms, which reflect le informal culture, may or may not be stricter than legal or agency restrictions -individual choice or conscience reflects the inner controls of the officer
39.1 Define terms on the Penal Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. Abandon:
- includes abandoning an animal in the person's custody without making reasonable arrangements for assumption of custody by another person.
39.1 Define terms on the Penal Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. Necessary food, water, care, or shelter:
- includes food, water, care, or shelter provided to the extent required to maintain the animal in a state of good health.
39.1 Define terms on the Penal Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. Custody:
- includes responsibility for the health, safety, and welfare of an animal subject to the persons care an control, regardless of ownership of the animal.
What are some affects of fatigue on driving?
- lowers visual efficiency- causes longer perception time- causes longer decision/reaction time
39.4 Discuss the terms and conditions utilized in the Texas Health and Safety Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. (Sec 822.041 Definitions) Dangerous dog:
- means a dog that: • makes an unprovoked attack on a person that causes bodily injury and occurs in a place other than in enclosure in which the dog was being kept and that was reasonably certain to prevent the dog from leaving the enclosure on its own; or • commits unprovoked acts in a place other than an enclosure in which the dog was being kept and that was reasonably certain to prevent the dog from leaving the enclosure on its own and those acts cause a person to reasonably believe that the dog will attack and cause bodily injury to that person.
39.1 Define terms on the Penal Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. Animal:
- means a domesticated living creature, including any stray or feral cat or dog, and a wild living creature previously captured.
39.4 Discuss the terms and conditions utilized in the Texas Health and Safety Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. (Sec 822.041 Definitions) Secure enclosure:
- means a fenced area or structure that is: • locked • capable of preventing the entry of the general public including children • capable of preventing the escape or release of a dog • clearly marked as containing a dangerous dog • in conformance with the requirements for enclosure established by the local animal control authority
39.4 Discuss the terms and conditions utilized in the Texas Health and Safety Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. (Sec 822.041 Definitions) Owner:
- means a person who owns or has custody or control of the dog.
-What is the chance of a runaway child to be a victim of sex trafficking? -What are 5 different leads on a child or their family when responding to runaway cases?
-1 in 7 1. social services 2. homeless/youth shelter 3. people youth identified seeing (home/school) 4. family members/friends/neighbors/school officials 5.childs place of employment
-What is the average ages of trafficking recruitment nationwide? -A combination of psychological manipulation, intimidation, gang rape, sodomy, beatings, deprivation of food or sleep, isolation from friends/family, threaten/hold children. designed to break down victims resistance and ensure compliance
-12-14 yo -SEASONING
Specific INTENT to commit offense; mere preparation that fails to effect the commision of offense intended. Needs aggrevated offense in act. -What offense? -What penalty?
-15.01 CRIMINAL ATTEMPT -One category lower than offense attempted
Contraband includes property use in the commission of:
-1st or 2nd degree felony -Robbery, Burglary, Theft and Fraud. -Any felony under securities Act -Any illegal or dangerous drug felony , currency exchange transmission and transport felonies, money laundering felonies. -Proceedings gained from any of the above felonies.
-How many instances of traffickimg with in what time frame to be counted as 20A.03: CONTINUOUS TRAFFICKING OF A PERSON/ 21.02 CONTINUOUS SEXUAL ABUSE OF A CHILD? -Whats the penalties?
-2+ times in 30 day timeframe -1DF(25-99yrs); life
INTENTIONALLY or KNOWINGLY restrains another person; Child 14yo or younger is restrained; actor was relative of child with sole INTENT of lawful control of child. -What offense? -What penalty?
-20.02 UNLAWFUL RESTRAINT -A MIS SJF= >17yo 3DF= expose to sbi/public servant on duty or retaliation/ retrains person while in custody 2DF= PO/judge on official duty
INTENTIONALLY/KNOWINGLY abducts person with intent to hold them for ransom or reward, use as shield or hostage, force felony or flight of felony, bodily injury or abuse sexually, terrorize them or another, interfere with gove or political function, uses or exhibits deadly weapon -What offense? -What penalties?
-20.04: AGGRAVATED KIDNAPPING -1DF -2DF= released in safe place
INTENT to attain monetary benefit KNOWINGLY; uses means of transportation with intent to vonceal from LEO. Flee from LEO to escape arrest or detainment, hides illegal persons. -What offense? -What penalties?
-20.05 SMUGGLING OF PERSONS -3DF 2DF= smuggled individual in danger of sbi/death; >18yo 1DF=sexual assault(or aggravated); causes sbi/death
Engages in sexual contact with child (>17) (causes child to), with INTENT to arouse/gratify sexual desire by exposing self knowing child present; causes child to expose self -What offense? -What penalties?
-21.11: INDECENCY WITH A CHILD -2DF- sexual contact 3DF= expose self/child
INTENT without consent photos, recordings, videos, broadcasts or transmits of intimate areas (bathroom/changing room included). (or promotes) -What offense? -What penalty?
-21.15: INVASIVE VISUAL RECORDING -SJF
-What percent of victims of child porn/sextortion engaged in self harm/suicidal thoughts? - A justice department report on "remote sex assault" states " ________ is by far the most significant growing threat to children and tends to have more minor victims/offenders than all other sex exploitation offenses. typically between _______ages."
-5% Sextortion 10-17yo
Examples of Paranoid behavior:
-A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others -Tendency to interpret the actions of others as deliberately threatening or demeaning -Believes (without basis) that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving them -Reluctant to confide in others for fear of betrayal -Perceives attacks on his/her character and is quick to react angrily -May initially appear objective, rational, and unemotional but may quickly devolve into combativeness, stubbornness, and sarcasm -Have a high need for control and autonomy due to their lack of trust -Tend to be rigid, critical, and cannot accept criticism
Examples of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD):
-A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self image, emotional expression, and poor impulse control -May exhibit frantic efforts to avoid abandonment -A pattern of unstable relationships marked by idealizing and devaluing partners -Self-damaging impulsivity (excessive spending, promiscuous unprotected sex, substance abuse, other recklessness) -Recurrent suicidal behavior -Poor anger control -Emotional over reactivity -More frequently diagnosed in females -It is a common misunderstanding that 'Borderline Personality Disorder' is a designation meaning someone almost experiencing another kind of mental illness. Such as; 'borderline schizophrenia', or a borderline substance abuser. This is simply a mistake of language
21.11: SEXUAL ASSAULT Penetration without consent (to invlude child) by any means. Unable to give consent or resist; 17 or younger -What are some affirm defenses? -What are the penalties?
-Actor was spouse of child; no more than 3 yrs older; not required to register as sex offender; no priors, victim 14+ yo; not a person actor prohibited from marrying -2DF 1DF= person actor prohibited from marrying
Emotions, Attitudes, Prejudices:
-Arrest - emotional and physical problem for officer and arrestee. -Emotional response or reaction is directly involved in an encounter between officer and violator. -Attitudes or prejudices can lead to conflict. -officer has potential to reduce problems and danger associated with physical arrest if he is firm but fair with the violator. -emotional responses are often the direct result of uncertainty. -Uncertainty is likely to result in compensating behavior. Compensating behavior may take one of the following forms: hesitation, verbal abuse, bluff, unnecessary force.
TX Constitution on Denial of Bail for violation of condition of release
-Bail may be denied for any accused of felony or family violence offense if his bail is revoked or forfeited for a violation of condition of release. -Magistrate determines by PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE if there is evidence that person violated order.
A ____________ is classified as a weapon capable of inflicting serious bodily injury or death
-Baton
Strike areas
-Center mass of Arms -Center mass of legs -Abdomen
-At what age are Law Enforcement agencies required to report cases of missing children? -and to who do they report?
-Children under 21yo -National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
An agency chief administrator may not appoint an applicant subject to pending administrative action based on:
-Enrollment or licensure ineligibility; OR -Statutory suspension or revocation.
Texas Constitution on Excessive Bail or Fines and Cruel and Unusual Punishment.
-Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines be imposed. -Cruel and unusual punishment shall not be inflicted. -All courts shall be OPEN -Every person's injury, land, goods, and reputation shall have remedy by due course of law.
What are 3 types of vulnerabilities that may increase the risk for exploitation?
-FAMILY DYNAMICS (lack of attention, abuse/neglect, monitoring, inappropriate boundaries) -INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS (lack of bonding, self esteem, assertiveness, awareness, confidence) -COMMUNITY LABELS/ STATUS ("troubled" "problem child" "at risk" "story teller" poverty)
Subsequent to grooming behavior, what are some ways an exploited may try to avoid detection?
-Foster good image/ reputation -distract, run down, encourage self doubt -blame child -prepare response/strategy to disclosure -talk out of reporting to authorities -denials/claims accidental -take polygraph/prepare for court
What are some important skills that should be used to respect the feelings and needs of others?
-Gather knowledge and info about them; -Be nonjudgmental; - Show warmth, interest, and empathy; -Be willing to communicate
Two Officer Patrol - Advantages:
-Greater safety factor. -Can be used as a training aid for the correction of officer mistakes. -Shared driving duties. -Two pairs of eyes are better than one. -One officer can operate the radio while the other drives.
Let your ___________ do the searching
-Hands
Obstructing Highway or Other Passageway
-If without legal privilege or authority, he intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly: -Obstructs a highway, street, sidewalk, railway, waterway, elevator, aisle, hallway, entrance, or exit to which the public or a substantial group of the public has access, or any other place used for the passage of persons, vehicles, or conveyances, regardless of the means of creating the obstruction and whether the obstruction arises from his acts alone or from his acts and the acts of others, or disobeys a reasonable request or order to move issued by a person the actor knows to be or is informed is a peace officer, a fireman, or a person with authority to control the use of the premises. -Class B Misdemeanor
______________ weapons may be used in lawful situations requiring a degree of force greater than the use of weaponless strategies but less than the use of deadly weapons/force.
-Impact
3rd Amendment
-In time of peace, no soldier shall be quartered in ANY HOUSE without the owner's consent. -Nor in time of war, EXCEPT as prescribed by law.
Aggravated Kidnapping
-Intentionally abducts another and: 1) for ransom 2) Use as a shield or hostage 3) Facilitate the commission of a felony in flight after the attempt or commission of a felony 4) inflict bodily injury on him or violate or abuse him sexually; 5) terrorize 6) Interfere with governmental or political function. 7) Uses firearm
Stigma is made up of various components, including:
-Labeling someone with a condition. -Stereotyping people with that condition. -Creating a division (a superior 'us' and a denigrated 'them') -Discriminating against someone on the basis of a label
Treatment compliance is an ongoing struggle for many individuals, for reasons including:
-Lack of health insurance coverage -Expense of medications -Unpleasent side effects, including weight gain, severe constipation, sexual dysfunction, or a feeling of being dissociated, floaty, or out of sync with their body Many of the side effects are not permanent Neurological damage can occur if an individual has had to take a form of medication in high doses for many years -Lack of access to consistent mental health treatment -The experience of taking medications daily for life
Texas Constitution on Freedom of Speech and Press
-Liberty to speak, write or publish his opinion on any subject, being responsible for abuse of that privilege. -No law shall pass against freedom of speech and press. -Evidence from press can be taken when prosecuting publication of papers, or investigating conduct of officers and public officials.
Safety Guidelines:
-Never approach potential danger without notifying someone/ calling backup. -Never go inside building where criminal activity is suspected to be occurring without backup. -Maintain constant awareness of the police sidearm. -Practice good officer-survival techniques daily.
Texas Constitution on Double Jeopardy
-No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty for the same offense. -No person shall be put on trial for some offense after a "no guilty" verdict in a court of COPMETENT JURISDICTION"
Texas Constitution on Religion
-No religious test shall be required to qualify for office or public trust, provided he acknowledge the existence of a supreme being. -All men have NATURAL and indefeasible right to worship God as they wish. -It shall be the duty of legislature to pass laws necessary to protect equality among religions during peaceful public worship.
What 5 types of methodologies could offenders use in attempted abductions?
-Nonverbal actions -Verbal exchange between offender and child -Phys contact -Phys struggle -Short abduction where child escapes
Officers' eyes should be on subject to _______________ movement
-Observe
The advantage of holding suspect's waistband from the rear is _________ ___________.
-Officer safety
What are some reasons peace officers are especially sensitive regarding impartial enforcement?
-Often works alone w/ no one to witness if fairness used. -temptations provided by citizens can be overwhelming and go undetected - Deviations from fair/equal treatment easily excused as being necessary for order and crime prevention
Because of the danger involved for the officer, one officer should not attempt to transport more than ______ prisoner at a time without access to special transporting equipment.
-One
-Limits child's ability to physically defend self. Highly dependent on others. -Make it difficult/impossible for child to defend self, reliant on various caregivers (more contact w/ an abuser)
-PHYSICAL DISABILUTIES -VARIOUS CONDITIONS.
Examples of Narcissistic behavior:
-Persistent grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy -Exaggerates achievements, talents -Expects to be recognized as superior -Believes he or she is 'special' and should be treated accordingly -Exploits others -Often believes oneself to have special powers or to be the chosen leader of the world or universe -Demonstrates arrogant, haughty, or judge mental behaviors or attitudes -More frequently diagnosed in males
Objectives of Patrol
-Preserve the peace by mere presence and by proper action. -Prevent crime by opportunity reduction; Duty to prevent. -Suppress crime by timely response to crimes in progress and by properly investigating offenses. -Apprehend suspects. -Regulate non-criminal conduct by obtaining and maintaining good officer - citizen relationships to -Protect life and property
Medication can be an essential part of an effective treatment plan and is often used to treat some of the following conditions and symptoms:
-Psychosis -Anxiety -Depression -ADHD -Impulse Control -Mood swings (also known as lability)
TX PC SEC 20 -parent(step), anscestor, sibling, uncle, aunt (adoptive) -individual, corporation, association -human whose been born and is alive
-RELATIVE -PERSON -INDIVIDUAL
List the forms and targets of prejudice.
-Racial -ethnic -gender -national origin -political affiliation -authority figures -sexual orientation -differently abled -religion -age -economic/occupational -weight -physically challenged -personal preferences
Employ/authorize/induce vhild (>18) in sex performance or parent consents in; produces, directs, promotes sex conduct -What offense? -What penalty?
-SEXUAL PERFORMANCE BY CHILD: 43.25 -3DF= produce/direct/promotes 2DF= employ/authorize/induces; >14 produces/directs/promotes 1DF= >14 employs/authorizes/induces
What are some challenges to reunification during disasters?
-Scale of disaster -Mass evac -Schools/universities/hospitals -During school/work day -Affect large venue/event -Low local resources -No plan -Parents lack transportation -Age/language skills of lost child
-Involves novel methods of child abuse. Predator gains trust and manipulates victim to send sexual images. threatens to send to others.. this is knkwn as? -What percentage are females who are targeted by online predators? What age range of majority?
-Sextortion -78% (14-18yo)
Field Inquiry Used to Learn About Places
-Structures have specific characteristics -Light on building, where no light was before. -Not attendant at convenience store. -Open/ broken window of closed business or home. -Tire tracks across lawn to back of building.
Field Inquiry Used to Learn About People:
-Subject's reaction to Inquiry and to Police Questioning -Personal contact opens relations for future information. -Puts officer on one-to-one basis with public.
An agency that wishes to report a change to any information within commission files about a licensee shall do so in a request to the commission, containing:
-The licensees name, date of birth, last four digits of the social security number, or PID AND - The requested change; AND -The reason for the change.
4th Amendment
-The right of people to be secured in their PERSONS, HOUSES, PAPERS, & EFFECTS against unreasonable search and seizures. -Warrants only issued upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation, and describing particular place to be search, or person to be seized.
-What is the waiting period for accepting missing child reports? -Federal law requires who to provide an annual summary of missing children?
-There is none -U.S. Attorney General
For officer safety, a peace officer should search the seating or carrying area of his/her vehicle for _________________ or _________________ when going on duty and also after each prisoner transport is completed.
-Weapons or Contraband
Criteria to professional peace officer use of force:
-ability to communicate effectively -ability to accurately assess the situation and define the problem -ability to know when to move from words to force
Non-strike areas (see also deadly force below)
-above plane of shoulders -groin -center of back (spine) / kidney area -pectoral region (chest)
-How does Sexual Assault become 22.021: AGGRAVATED SEXUAL ASSAULT? -What are the penalties?
-acts/ threatens: sbi/kidnapping/death/ deadly weapon -1DF; >14= min 25yrs
Elements to recognize in every encounter (problem)
-analyze and identify the problem -enables an officer to plan an approach -problems often change as confrontation progresses
the basic steps of which a crime scene search normally progresses are as follows:
-approach scene -secure and protect -establish entry and exit -preliminary survey -narrative description -photograph scene -identify, mark, and document evidence -sketch scene -detailed search -mark and document additional evidence -collection of evidence and establish chain of custody -fingerprints/ latent prints -debreifing -final survey to ensure conditions of the crime scene have been documented as thoroughly as possible and all evidence is collected -transport evidence -notify next of kin -create case file -lab results, autopsy -press release or news conference -follow-up investigation
Con artists and con games or schemes
-based on promises of unusual return. something for nothing -often use props in carrying out schemes -frequently work with partners -often prey on elderly -generally very mobile -tend to be non-violent
Rational appeal
-based on reasoning -appeal to common sense, good judgement, or-community standards -Show that solution is reasonable and most likely to produce results -This appeal is valuable when dealing with people having a strong sense of right and wrong
Practical appeal:
-based on urgent need to change -ignores long term consequences -short term solution -adapt yourself to persuade the other person that you are like them -based on the beliefs and value of the person
Ethical appeal
-based upon position as a professional officer -assures other person -persuades others of your desire for positive outcome -this appeal is useful when dealing with people who are upset and highly emotional
Responding officers responsibilities (hate crimes)
-basic response is same as for other crimes -officer must be sensitive to the needs of the victims -officer must be knowledgeable of the elements of hate crimes -considerations: is the motivation of the offender known was the incident known to have been motivated by racial,religious, ethnic or sexual orientation bias does the victim perceive action of the offender to have been motivated by bias?
The objectives in conducting a search of a crime scene are to aid in the following:
-can help establish that a crime has been committed crime and establish the elements of the crime -can be used to place the suspect at the scene -can be used to eliminate persons, such as through DNA testing -can cause suspects confronted with physical evidence to confess the crime -witness testimony can be supported with physical evidence -can help establish where the crime was committed
Preliminary investigatory procedures: Assaults
-care for injured -process scene -determine type of dispute -identify weapon or weapons -interview participants and witnesses -prepare preliminary report
Preliminary investigatory procedures: Homicide
-care for injured persons -protect the integrity of the crime scene -determine what offense, as near as possible, has been committed -record the scene -seal the scene -identify the victim -develop tentative crime theory -obtain names, addresses, etc. of all living victims and witnesses -interview witnesses and living victims -determine time of death -determine place of death -determine cause of death -determine means of death -acertain background and activities of victim -determine motive -prepare preliminary report
Auto theft
-comprised of both amateurs and professionals -generally fall into one of five categories: UUMV, joy riding juvenile, usually host several other juveniles, abandons vehicle when it runs out of gas
crime scene search methods
-consider the size and type of area to be covered -consider the personnel and equipment necessary and available -consider the degree of thoroughness required depending on the type of crime committed, type of physical evidence sought and the purpose of the search
Consequences from excessive Use of Force (Federal Criminal Violations)
-conspiracy against right of citizens - title 18 section 241 USC -Deprivation of rights under color of law - title 18 section 242 USC
Procedures for determining whether a vehicle has been impounded or repossessed in reported auto theft cases.
-determine whether recovered property is linked with a previous crime by checking stolen reports, NCIC/TCIC, teletypes from other jurisdictions -determine time and date that vehicle was found to be missing or stolen -check with dispatcher to determine if vehicle was impounded by an agency -check with any lien holder of vehicle to determine if vehicle was repossessed.
What are some stopping distance factors?
-driver-vehicle-road-weather-speed
Law Enforcement Role in Arrest:
-essentially defensive -defensive - "serving to protect"; "devoted to resisting or preventing aggression or attack" -it is not aggression when an officer takes the initiative to confront a law violator - the officer's act is not one of hostility; it is one designed to defend and protect the community from criminality
Protection of crime scene
-establish defined entry and exit points to minimize loss, destruction and combination of evidence -establish an inner and outer perimeter using street barricades, ropes, crime scene tape, or additional personnel around the perimeter to keep unauthorized persons out -protect the crime scene from contamination and the removal of evidence. Possible methods include the use of rope, or tape, officers, other personnel or barricades to guard the perimeter. If at all possible, obtain permission from the property owner to prevent entry by unauthorized persons
Officer duties: dealing with crimes against property
-establish whether a crime has been committed. Arrest the perpetrator. Determine the type of crime by category and, if possible, by specific classification -in eyewitness cases, secure a description of the perpetrator, vehicle (if any), direction of flight, and transmit information to dispatcher for broadcast to other units -locate and interview the victim and witnesses. Record stories and take statements. Secure and accurately record identity, addresses, and other necessary data for future contacts. -protect the crime scene -determine, how the crime was committed, the extent of personal injuries and the nature and value of property taken. -record in field notes and sketches all data about the crime, the stories of various participants and witnesses, the crime-scene search and evidence collected and its disposition
Use of force factors
-every situation the officer must be firm and be prepared to protect themselves and others -force must be controlled and used wisely with at purpose -only the amount of force reasonably necessary to effect the arrest should be used
Barriers to leaving an abusive relationship
-financial dependency -lack of an available support system -victim's previous negative experience w/criminal legal system -fear to try to leave (threats) loves the abuser but wants violence to stop -children want to stay/return -victim believes that the children need both parents -immigrant victims face additional barriers > language, distrust of law enforcement
What is an Authorized Emergency Vehicle?
-fire dept. or police vehicle;-public or private ambulance (operated by a person issued a license by Dept State Health Services);-a municipal dept. or public service corporation emergency vehicle that has been designated or authorized by the governing body of a municipality;-a vehicle that has been designated by the dept. under Texas Division of Emergency Management;-a private vehicle of a volunteer firefighter or a certified emergency medical services employee or volunteer when responding to a fire alarm or medical emergency;-an industrial emergency response vehicle, including an industrial ambulance;-a vehicle of a blood bank or tissue bank, when making emergency deliveries of blood, drugs, medicines, or organs;-a vehicle used for law enforcement purposes that is owned or leased by a federal governmental entity.
Elements of continuing investigation
-follow up -develop and revise a scheme of the crime -analyze the legal significance of information and evidence -continue the search for witnesses -prepare appropriate line-ups -establish liaison with laboratory technicians and assess the reports of their analyses of physical evidence -Identify the perpetrator and accomplices -Locate and arrest the perpetrator and accomplices -conduct appropriate surveillance and interrogation -prepare the case and confer with the prosecutor
Analysis of a vehicle that may have been stolen after it has been stopped and observed?
-has the steering column been broken to defeat the ignition system? -is the steering column covered by a towel or piece of tape large enough to conceal a break in the steering column? -Does the key actually work in the ignition or has the ignition been defeated and the key is there as a disguise? -What position is the ignition key in while the engine is running? -Do the door lock holes show teeth marks from vice grips used to turn the entire key hole to open a locked door? -Is the vehicle identification plate securely fastened to the vehicle
Collecting of paint evidence
-if practical, submit the item bearing the questioned paint -obtain paint samples from all damaged areas on a vehicle -sketch the location from which the paint sample was taken
Assaults
-in many cases the victims knows the assailant. -aggravated assaults are often failed murder attempts -victim often changes mind on issue of prosecution -assaults where victim does not know perpetrator are conducted more like homicide investigations
Robber:
-indicates a tendency to use violence on a stranger -bolder type personality- sacrifices secrecy through confrontation with victim -generally classed according to style -ambush- least planned; based on element of surprise -planned operation- carefully structured; robbery group examines all aspects of the situation -may specialize in specific targets -signature aspects of robbery, may help in typing a person or group to a series of robberies -use of backup
Crime scene sketch should include the following information:
-investigators complete name and rank -date, time, type of crime, and assigned case number, complete name of other officers assisting in the making of the sketch -address of the crime scene, its position in a building, landmarks, and so on -scale of drawing -primary items of physical evidence and other critical features of the crime scene, located by detailed measurements from at least 2 fixed points in reference -key or legend identifying the symbols or points of reference using in the sketch -dimensions of room or areas contained in the sketch -the sketcher should always have control of taking and observing measurements
Analysis of a vehicle that may have been stolen
-is there broken glass on the vehicle where primitive entry was made? -does the license plate match the VIN by a registration? -is one plate being displayed in a two plate state? -does the vehicle display current registration sticker located in the appropriate place on the windshield -Dies the vehicle display a MVI sticker from one state and license plates from another state? -Does a clean vehicle display dirty license plates or does a dirty vehicle display clean license plates? -does the vehicle display license plates that are capable of being quickly changed -does the vehicle display license plates from different states on the front and back
forgery and credit card abuse
-least violent of offenders -four steps in check fraud: forging use of false or stolen identification cards use of a presentation that overcomes a merchants reluctance to cash a check upon minimal identification con artists sense of right time, place, and victim -credit cards often used as alternative to check writing -contemporary computer software allows forger to create checks, credit cards and currency
Preparing a crime scene sketch
-make a rough drawing at the crime scene on paper -the rough drawing needs to be accurate but does not need to be drawn to scale -the rough drawing needs to be a representation of the crime scene showing objects and measurements -use an arrow to show north and orient north to the top of the sketch -draw lines to show where measurements are taken from -in making a completed crime scene sketch determine a scale to use and locate all objects on drawing to scale -show scale on final crime scene sketch -use a legend to explain any symbols used on the crime scene sketch -avoid excessive lettering on sketch by using numerical designations
Document procedures
-methods of measurement -triangulation -calculating the reduced distances on a scale of drawing and scribing arcs from the fixed points indicated, the point at which the arcs intersects is the exact location of the object -rectangular coordinates -transecting base line
Communicating under stressful situations
-most people respond positively to reasonable request from peace officer -frustrated people often resist -upset people are often incapable of acting reasonably and will not respond to appeals of reason -commands or orders usually met with resistance -officer must trust tactics which redirect behavior -maintain disinterest (objectivity, free from bias, impartial, unconcerned, or mechanical) -learn to allow people to express frustration -LISTEN
Other considerations in force:
-nature of the offense -actions of the third parties -emergency situation which existed -behavior of arrestee -physical size, strength and weaponry of the arrestee -known character (previous encounters)
20.03 KIDNAPPING INTENTIONALLY/KNOWINGLY abducts another person. -What are affirm defenses? -What penalty?
-no intent or threat to use deadly force. Actor related to person abducted, intent to assume lawful control of victim. -3DF
Objectives in conducting a crime scene search
-officers must determine if a search is required or if the search will meet the requirements for search without a warrant -a crime scene search is planned and coordinated legal search of a crime scene to locate physical evidence or witnesses to the crime under investigation
Firearms
-physical appearance of a weapon before it is moved -note the position of cylinder, slide or bolt -position of exposed hammer, firing pin and safety -lift weapon -unload weapon -do not clean or strip weapon -never place an object inside of the barrel
Methods of crime scene search
-point to point search -strip search -grid search -circular search -quadrant, sector, or zone search -area search -aerial search
Professionals: Property theif
-profit motive -operate so as to minimize chances of observation -lack of eyewitnesses -may be traced when stolen property is recovered -this type requires planning, direction, and operating skills -the type of property stolen may be an important clue -often work in conjunction with criminal receivers(fences) -May also commit the crimes of burglary, white collar crimes, vehicle theft, agricultural crimes and arson
Professional Criminals: Semi-professional(unskilled) theif
-profit still underlying motive, but this type may be more interested in getting money for drugs -targets are determined more by opportunity (cruising robber) -less involved in planning or preparation -more likely to resort to violence against victim -presents a special danger when interrupted and cornered -more prone to violence to try to escape -less rational than professional counterpart
Child abuse and exploitation
-reconstruct event or events -determine if a crime has been committed -identify person or persons responsible -take appropriate action to protect child -prepare preliminary report
Paraphrase
-repeat what you have learned in your own words -forces other person to stop talking and listen -helps ensure the officer understands the situation
Professional criminals: Burglar
-same motivation as professional theif -has ability to gain entry into premises by stealth or defeating locks, alarms
Techniques should be taught ______________ _______________ with multiple repetitions for retention and muscle memory.
-sequential manner
When officer's control is compromised:
-sometimes a person combines aggressive words with actions -words and gestures alone are not an attack -sometimes a person displays conflicting signs (words suggest one thing and actions suggest another)
Evidence in Criminal Actions
-statement -when statements may be used -evidence not to be used -photographic evidence in theft cases
Force (noun)
-strength & energy brought to bear, cause of notion or change, active power, moral or mental strength; capacity to persuade or convince -violence, compulsion or constraint exerted upon person or thing -quality of conveying impressions intensity in writing or speech
Weaponless Strategies (using your hands/legs)
-takedowns ( -come-alongs (escorts)
The chain of custody is established by adhering to certain guidelines
-the number of persons handling evidence from the time that it is collected should be limited -if the evidence leaves the possession of an officer, he or she should record in the notes: to whom the evidence was given, the date and time, and the reason it was turned over -anyone who handles evidence should affix his or her name, personal identifier, and date to the package containing evidence -a signed receipt should be obtained from the person accepting the evidence. in turn, the investigator should sing a receipt or log when the item is returned -when a piece of evidence is turned in, the investigator should check his or her identification mark on it to ensure that it is the same item.
Sexual assaults
-the perpetrators purpose is to exercise power over victim -there are not crimes of sexual desire -means of control is of importance in the classification of the offense -force or threat of use of force -administering drugs -incapacity of victim to consent -it is sometimes difficult to achieve full cooperation of victim due to psychological trauma -officers attitude has a significant bearing on the victims ability to deal with crime and assist law enforcement
packaging
-the purpose of proper packaging is to prevent breaking, spoiling, loss, and contamination -use paper instead of plastic bags to reduce contamination and spoiling -containers should fit tightly -each different item should be packaged separately -wet evidence, such as bloodstains, semen stains, mud and such, must be allowed to dry before packaging to prevent rotting -liquid blood must be refrigerated
Implementation procedures
-the starting point of the search based on priorities in the central scene, but if it is not possible to protect evidence, may begin outside of central scene -establish headquarters and assemble personnel outside of area to be searched -conduct a briefing of searchers and give pertinent information -maintain communications with all searchers -an effective procedure for rechecking is to alternate searchers from one area to another area
Elder abuse
-three major types of elder abuse are: neglect, abuse, exploitation -over half the cases involve self-neglect, the failure of a person to provide for themselves the goods and services necessary to avoid physical harm, mental anguish or mental illness, unreasonable confinement or cruel punishment -elder abuse cases are often difficult to investigate because of the diminished capcaity of many victims -many elder abuse cases involve caretaker neglect by nursing facilities or family -elder abuse often involves physical abuse by family members -elders are often exploited for their government assistance checks.
PO must communicate under uniquely stressful conditions:
-to people who don't want to talk or listen -to emotionally charged individuals -in dangerous circumstances -while being watched by others -to people who dislike and/or mistrust peace officers
Reasons for preparing crime scene sketches
-to provide permanent record of conditions otherwise not easily recorded -to reconstruct the crime scene -to record the location and spatial relationships between pieces of evidence and the surroundings -to help refresh the investigators memory -to help corroborate testimony of witness -to eliminate unnecessary and confusing details -can be enlarged for use as an exhibit during courtroom testimony
conditions affecting vehicle operations
-traffic density- speed of vehicles- type of vehicles- pedestrians- animals
Tennessee v. Garner
-unarmed 15yo burglar suspect -running from officers -shot and killed while jumping over a fence -at the time department authorized "deadly force" on fleeing suspects (felony offenses).
Safety precaustions
-use disposable latex gloves -upon completion, dispose of gloves properly -wash hands -avoid contact with any other body fluids -use when extreme caution when handling HIV body fluids
Ask
-use questions to gain control by causing to report to you -questions direct attention AWAY from the problem -buys time -demonstrates concern
When words are no longer working
-when a person seriously threatens bodily harm the officers control is compromised
Summoning assistance
-when physical characteristics of area make it impractical for one person to search -when the amount of damage or evidence to be searched for makes it impractical for one person to search -when expertise is needed beyond that of those present
Chain of custody accounts for
-who found the item, and where -who took custody and marked it -where is it being stored -when it went to a lab, and who transported it there -when it was returned from the lab
Elements of Communication
-words, touch, body movement, message -content - actual message -voice - verbal personality (how it's said) -non-verbal - raised eyebrows, posture, etc
Approximately ___ in ____ adults in the US (9.8 million, or 4%) experience a serious mental illness in a given year that substantially interferes with or limits one or more major life activities
1 in 25
Four rules to Skid Control*
1) Let off the accelerator 2) Push in the clutch (manual transmission) 3) Countersteer to correct for the skid 4) Do not use the brake until steering control is aligned.
Four areas of liability applicable to pursuits in state court:
1) Officer owed injury party a duty not to engage in certain conduct.2) Officer's actions violated that duty.3) Officer's negligent conduct was the proximate cause of collision.4) Injured party suffered actual and provable damages.
3 things that can happen to end a pursuit:
1) the vehicle stops 2) you terminate the pursuit 3) a crash
When can the Commission deny an application for a licensee?
1. Applicant has not been reported as meeting minimum standards. 2. Signatures have not been completed. 3. Required forms/ docs incomplete, illegible, or not attached.
Influences on use of force guidelines:
1. Constitution 2. Federal guidelines 3. agency policy 4. state statutes
Defensive Driving components:
1. Driver attitude 2. Driver skill 3. Vehicle capability 4. Driving conditions
Attorney representing the state can be:
1. Prosecutor with felony jurisdiction in county where forfeiture proceeding is held or in a proceeding for forfeiture of contraband. 2. City attorney of a municipality if property seized by local PO in that municipality. 3. Attorney General
Oaths of an officer:
1. US Constitution 2. Federal laws 3. State laws 4. TX Constitution
3 rules of skid control in a modern police vehicle.*
1. let off accelerator 2. counter steer to correct for skid 3. do not use the brake until steering control is regained
What are the stopping distance components in order?
1. perception of danger 2. decision/reaction 3. braking
Officer Kyle Dinkheller
1/12/98 traffic stop, killed by Andrew Brannan
A child may consent to medical, dental, psychological, and surgical treatment for the child by a licensed physician or dentist if the child is _______________________________________and apart from the child's parents, managing conservator, or guardian, with or without the consent of the parents, managing conservator, or guardian and regardless of the duration of the residence; and managing the child's own financial affairs, regardless of the source of the income.
16 years of age or older and resides separate
Offenders who are arrested and complete the mental health court program have a much lower recidivism rate than their peers: ______ percent versus 72 percent.
20
4 basic positions for the patrol unit
20' back and offset to the left. 20' back and offset to the right (not for left side walk-up). 3' back and offset to the left. 3' back and offset to the right (not for left side walk-up)
Law Enforcement Statistics
2000-2010 has shown a gradual reduction of law enforcement felony deaths despite increasing gang activity, availability of automatic weapons, drug trafficking. With survival training and improved technology and equipment, we are doing well in the area of officer survival on the street. We are losing the battle of emotional survival An average of 60 law enforcement officers died feloniously in the U.S each year during the 2000's The loss of one police officer's life to a felony is unacceptable and agencies do everything possible to increase officer survival yet the suicide rate is a concern. Marital problems or relational problems leading cause Legal Trouble second leading cause Suspension/work related stress Suicide rate increases drastically at retirement especially if there is a medical disability
______% of women reported sexual assault when in the military.
23
When an arrest is made on individual that attends a public primary or secondary school, the Law Enforcement Agency shall notify superintendent of school within
24 HRS or next business day, whichever is earlier.
If the magistrate is not authorized to appoint counsel, he SHALL request appointment of one within
24 hrs.
Texas ranks ____________ in the U.S. in number of veterans.
2nd
There are _________ more suicides by men, but _______ times more attempts made by women.
3.3; 3
The training provider submits the report of mandated training to TCOLE NLT _____ days after completion of such training.
30 DAYS
It is the responsibility of the licensee to report a name change to the commission within ___ days.
30 DAYS.
An arrest, charge or indictment above a Class C misdemeanor SHALL be reported to the commission within:
30 Days.
The Commission will give notice of a proposed rule change at least ___ days before final adoption of such rule.
30 days
A licensee's change of adress must be reported within ___ days
30 days.
An agency chief administrator must report to the commission within ________, any change in the agency's name, physical location, mailing address, electronic mail address, or telephone number.
30 days.
An individual who is appointed or elected to the position of the chief administrator of a law enforcement agency shall notify the Commission of the date of appointment and title, through a form prescribed by the Commission within ______of such appointment.
30 days.
How many people were victims of ID crime in 2000?
31,000
Other than person with custody/care relationship of child: act or observes what a reasonable person would believe offense of sexual/assaultive nature against child, fails to assist or immediate report (not in danger of sbi/death) -What offense? -What penalty?
38.17: FAILURE TO REPORT AGG SA OF CHILD -A MIS
______ of the 50 states have CIT programs.
46
To qualify for an intermediate PO proficiency certificate, an applicant must meet the following requirements:
800 hrs and 6 yrs as PO. (Normally)
Failing to complete the legislatively mandated continuing education for the first time will result in a _____ license suspension.
90 day.
____% of an officer's duties involve verbal skills; ____% of contacts require physical skills
97; 3
Oxidizers
A group of chemicals that do not burn on their own, but when in combination with other chemicals may cause them to burn or burn at a higher than normal temperature. these chemicals can cause materials that would not ordinarily catch fire to begin to burn readily.
Prevention of Escape from Custody PC 9.52
A guard employed by a correctional facility or a peace officer is justified in using any force, including DEADLY force, that he reasonably believes to be immediately necessary to PREVENT escape of a person from the correctional facility.
Acquisitive Mob
A mob motivated by a desire to acquire something, i.e., food riots.
Aggravated Kidnapping
A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly abducts another person with the intent to: (1) hold him for ransom or reward; (2) use him as a shield or hostage; (3) facilitate the commission of a felony or the flight after the attempt or commission of a felony; (4) inflict bodily injury on him or violate or abuse him sexually; (5) terrorize him or a third person; or (6) interfere with the performance of any governmental or political function. A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly abducts another person and uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the commission of the offense.
Employment Harmful to Children
A person commits an offense if the person employs, authorizes, or induces a child to work: (1) in a sexually oriented commercial activity; or (2)in any place of business permitting, requesting, or requiring a child to work nude or topless. 2nd degree felony unless; victim was under age of 14 years= 1st degree felony.
Smuggling of Persons
A person commits an offense if the person intentionally uses a motor vehicle, aircraft, or watercraft to transport an individual with the intent to: (1) conceal the individual from a peace officer or special investigator; or (2) flee from a person the actor knows is a peace officer or special investigator attempting to lawfully arrest or detain the actor. SJF unless; • Commits for pecuniary benefit, or • Creates substantial likelihood that transported person will suffer serious bodily injury or death If either condition , then 3rd degree felony
Sexual Performance by a Child
A person commits an offense if, knowing the character and content thereof, he employs, authorizes, or induces a child younger than 18 years of age to engage in sexual conduct or a sexual performance. A parent or legal guardian or custodian of a child younger than 18 years of age commits an offense if he consents to the participation by the child in a sexual performance. 2nd degree felony unless; victim was under age of 14 years= 1st degree felony
Possession or Promotion of Child Pornography
A person commits an offense if: (1) the person knowingly or intentionally possesses, or knowingly or intentionally accesses with intent to view, visual material that visually depicts a child younger than 18 years of age at the time the image of the child was made who is engaging in sexual conduct, including a child who engages in sexual conduct as a victim of an offense under Section 20A.02(a)(5), (6), (7), or (8) [parts of trafficking of persons statute]; and (2)the person knows that the material depicts the child as described by Subdivision (1). 3rd Degree Felony A person commits an offense if: (1) the person knowingly or intentionally promotes or possesses with intent to promote material described by Subsection (a)(1); and (2)the person knows that the material depicts the child as described by Subsection (a)(1). 2nd Degree Felony
Sexual Coercion
A person intentionally threatens, by coercion or extortion, to commit an offense under Chapter 43 to obtain, in return for not committing the threatened offense or in connection with the threatened offense, any of the following benefits: 1. Intimate visual material; 2. An act involving sexual conduct causing arousal or gratification; or 3. A monetary benefit or other benefit of value.
Characteristics of a Sentence
A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. A sentence typically contains both a subject and a predicate, begins with a capital letter, and ends with a punctuation mark. A sentence should be short, simple, and concise. A sentence should be unmistakably clear to the reader.
'Abnormal' v. 'Normal' Behavior
A sharp dividing line between 'normal' and 'abnormal' behavior does not exist and is often based upon social norms for specific societies, cultures, and subcultures
Gousse v. City of Los Angeles
A surgeon was initially awarded $33 million in damages for permanent nerve damage to hand, resulting in inability to perform surgery unassisted, following tight handcuffing when he detained by Los Angeles police officers who mistakenly believed that the rental car he was driving was stolen.
Warrant of Arrest
A written order from a magistrate, directed to a peace officer or some other person specially named, commanding him to take the body of the person accused of an offense, to be dealt with according to law.
A correct definition of "crisis" is:
A) An attack of pain, distress, or disordered function B) A really bad hair day C) An emotionally significant event or radical change of status in a person's life D) A and C *
One way to change current police culture around mental health is:
A) By developing 'cradle-to-grave' wellness programs for law enforcement B) By making sure everyone is repressing emotions and trauma, or getting rid of them C) Increasing peer support and access to specialized mental health providers D) A and C *
Delirium is caused by:
A) Drugs or medications. B) Develops over a short period of time. C) Can create an inability to comprehend speech, or follow instructions. D) All of the above. *
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder can involve
A) Intrusive symptoms B) Negative changes in mood and thought patterns C) Increased arousal and reactivity D) All of the above *
The presentation of symptoms of TBI vary by person but can create problems with:
A) Learning and memory B) social awareness C) eye-hand coordination D) All of the above *
Some behaviors seen frequently with Autism Spectrum disorders include:
A) Rocking B) Striking themselves C) Making repetitive noises D) All of the above *
Deinstitutionalization is a term used to describe:
A) The release of those suffering severe mental illness from in-patient mental health facilities. B) A reduction in treatment options for those who need medication, stabilization, or therapy. C) A reduction of referrals into mental health treatment, and an increase in incarceration in jails and prisons. D) All of the above *
The degree of severity for a mental health crisis, and what constitutes a crisis is generally the same from individual to individual.
A) True B) False *
If someone is believed to be "insane" in Texas, they cannot be arrested or charged for a crime that they have committed.
A) True B) False*
'Normal' behavior is
A) whatever we as individuals decide it is B) the center of a statistical bell curve C) essentially meaningless outside of statistical and mathematical solutions for 'average' D) All of the above *
ART 63.0041 REPORTING OF ATTEMPTED CHILD ABDUCTION -When shall LE provide relevant info of attempted child abduction to clearinghouse?
ASAP, NLT 8 hrs after receiving report
AID LIFE
ASK - Don't be afraid to ask, "Are you thinking of hurting or killing yourself?" INTERVENE immediately. Take action. Tell the person he or she is not alone. DON'T keep it a secret LOCATE help - Seek a mental health professional, peer support, chaplain, family member, or a friend. INFORM supervisor of the situation FIND someone to stay with the person. EXPEDITE Get help immediately and don't leave the person alone
TC 546.003 Audible or Visual Signals Required
AUDIBLE OR VISUAL SIGNALS REQUIRED. Except as provided by Section 546.004, the operator of an authorized emergency vehicle engaging in conduct permitted by Section 546.001 shall use, at the discretion of the operator in accordance with policies of the department or the local government that employs the operator, audible or visual signals that meet the pertinent requirements of Sections 547.305 and 547.702.
List the Eight Essential Criteria of a Good Police Report
Accurate Concise Complete Clear Legible Objective Grammatically correct Correct spelling
Trafficking of Persons
Action: Transport Entice Recruit Harbor Provide Obtain By means of: Force Fraud Coercion or Under 18 All Child or Adult Victims: Prostitution Promotion of Prostitution Aggravated Promotion of Prostitution Compelling Prostitution
Examples of CNS stimulants:
Adderall, amphetamines, cocaine, crack cocaine, ephedrine, khat, methamphetamine, phentermine, Sudafed, vyvanse
Side approach (on foot):
Advantage - suspect off balance Disadvantage - cannot observe all movement; reduces surprise
After (date) legislature may enact law granting power of _______ _______ based on a ______vote of each house members.
After Jan 1, 2010. Eminent domain. 2/3 vote.
Cover
Any material that can reasonably stop travel of small arms-fired bullet. Hardened, thick, and bulky material.
expressive crowd
Are assembled for some purpose. They have leadership and the intention of expressing an attitude for or against some person or idea, i.e., political rallies and picket lines.
Elements of beat characteristics
Area and its socio-economic and geographic characteristics. Conditions. Crime hazards. Crimes committed in area. Knowledge of your assigned area (businesses, schools, hospitals; routes)
List the common types of Police Reports?
Arrest reports Incident reports Offense reports Crash reports Supplemental reports
Which of the following are proven effective communication methods for interacting with someone experiencing dementia?
Ask simple 'yes' or 'no' questions
Entice
Attempted abduction in which the perpetrator used a known method to __________ the child, the five used most often were: 1) Offered the child a ride (34%) 2) Offered the child candy or sweets (12%) 3) Asked the child questions (10%) 4) Offered child money (8%) 5) Used an animal (8%)
is a mental position based on a person's knowledge, feelings and experiences about someone or something influencing him/her to behave in a certain way in regard to that person or thing.
Attitude
Factors Involved in Psychological Preparedness:
Attitude development and preparation. 2. Sociological and psychological maturity. 3. Formal and Informal education. 4. Personal Value System.
Factors in psychological preparedness
Attitude development and preparation. Sociological and psychological maturity. Formal and informal education. Personal value system. Officers must avoid developing counterproductive attitudes. Isolationism and ostracizing others. Becoming paranoid and regarding all people suspiciously. Withdrawing from or failing to be normal
As an interview with a suspected trafficking victim progresses; an officer should pay close attention to ___________________, and look for ____________ that the person has been coached on how to answer.
Body Language, Signs
Less
Children in the placement type of kinship care were found to be _________ likely to run away
Things to consider in Forfeiture Cases
Civil Discovery Interrogatories Depositions Settlement offers negotiations Trial Local Agreement Federal Adoption
Physical Preparation Before Each Shift
Cleanliness, Uniform, Personal Equipment, Personal Actions( Good posture, hands out of pockets)
Physical Preparation
Cleanliness. Personal grooming. Uniform (tailored, pressed, shined footwear, maintained duty belt, name tag). Personal Equipment (notebook, pen, side arm, ammo, foul weather gear, handcuffs, armor, flashlight, whistle). Personal Actions (good posture, hands out of pockets, avoid stuffed pockets, don't smoke, proper headgear, direct relationships, sharp outfit)
Family Violence Defense
Community Property. Act of family violence prevented stopping illegal act.
145 BPM
Complex motor skills, such as complex ground fighting techniques, begin to deteriorate and changes in vision begin at heart rates over ____ (i.e., tunnel vision, two dimension vision.)
Technically a human trafficking victim could be considered a willing participant; in the criminal enterprise that brought them to the U.S. by knowingly giving ________________.
Consent
____________________ of human trafficking ca literally be anyone willing to pay for the services of another person.
Consumers
Standard right-side approach
Contact from passenger side window
During a 4-year cycle, those holding a Basic Peace Officer certificate or no certification are required to complete:
Cultural Diversity, Special Inv, Crisis Intervention.
The needless repetition of similar words which say the same thing is another form of __________
Deadwood
14th Amendment
Declares that all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens of the U.S. and their respective states. -No state shall make or enforce laws that abridges the privileges or immunities of citizens. -No state shall deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
The __________________, fraud, coercion and deception are instrumental in building a case for human trafficking.
Degree of force
Cannabis is the scientific name for marijuana. The active ingredient in cannabis is:
Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC
What is dementia?
Dementia is the name for a group of symptoms caused by disorders that affect the brain Dementia can be caused by a number of different health conditions, including vascular disease, brain damage, stroke, as well as other conditions
cannot work for some unless it works for all
Democracy
Mood disorders are:
Demonstrated by disturbances in emotional reactions and feelings. In other words, one's emotional experience (move) is inconsistent with his or her circumstances
Controlled Substance Analogue
Denial that a substance is an analogue of a controlled substance. HOWEVER: State only needs to show the substance IS analogue by structure OR effect( not both)
Defendant shall be confronted by witnesses UNLESS in cases where:
Depositions have been taken.
Regulated financial institution
Depository institution chartered by a state or federal government, and which's deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation OR The National Credit Union Administration.
The ________________ around the globe has increased the the sale and enslavement of human beings around the globe.
Deregulation of trading opportunities
What is "Knock and announce" entry:
Designed to let occupants know its police that want to enter premises. They knock and announce presence and wait a reasonable amount of time. Both parties less at risk if door is opened peacefully.
Establishing legitimate source of Income:
Discovery before trial essential to establish supporting evidence: When, where, how check negotiated -Whether deposited and where, plus history before and since. -When converted to cash.
Definition of Hallucinations:
Distortions in sensory input, causing the individual to experience hearing, seen, feeling, or smelling something that is not there
Texas SB 1849 includes requirements for peace officers to reduce the use of force, and make a good faith effort to:
Divert people suffering from mental health crisis to proper treatment.
A casual acquaintanceship or ordinary fraternization in a business or social context _______________________a "dating relationship".
Does not constitute
When taking property for public use, what does "public use" NOT include?
Does not include taking property for transfer to a private entity for primary purpose of economic development OR enhancement of tax revenue.
TX Constitution says that no state citizen shall be deprived of life, liberty, and property, nor from any privileges or immunities, or in any manner disfranchised EXCEPT by:
Due course of law of the land.
A personality order is an ____________________ of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is relatively stable and (inflexible) over time, and that deviates markedly from the person's culture
Enduring pattern
Types of Verbal Appeals
Ethical, Rational, Practical, Personal
Elements to recognize (audience)
Everyone encountered is part of the audience How is the audience reacting? Examples: receptive, hostile, critical, etc. Read audience and adapt tactics appropriately If person has a friend in the audience you may try to enlist their help - ask the friend to help reason with and persuade the person to follow the officer's orders
Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants
Examples of CNS depressants include alcohol, barbiturates, Clonopin, Cymbalta, Dylantin, Elavil, GHB (Gama hydroxybutryrate), Haldol, Lexapro, Paxil, Risperidal, Rohypnol, Seroquil, Serzone, Tegretol, Valium, Xanax, and Zyprexa Some indications of depressant ingestion include: and coordination, disorientation, sluggishness, thick or slurred speech, 'drunk' behavior, stumbling, and fumbling
A victim is rarely able to pay the trafficker off; because __________ are continually being added on.
Expenses
To be diagnosed with PTSD a person must be _______ to a traumatic event
Exposed
Verb
Express an act, occurrence, or mode of being. (Action Word)
Like any other person under stress a person with a mental illness will exhibit:
Extraordinary strength
A peace officer may stay with a victim of family violence to protect the victim and allow the victim to take personal property of the victim or of a child in the care of the victim to a place of safety in an orderly manner. A peace officer that stays is civilly liable for the wrongful appropriation of any personal property by the victim. True or False (new)
False
A peace officer's duty to prevent the commission of criminal offenses, including family violence, can be waived because of a family or household relationship between the potential violator and victim. True or False (new)
False
Intellectual disability only becomes obvious in adulthood, and must be diagnosed over the age of 18.
False
Most people that are extremely intoxicated, are using only one type of drug, substance, or medication.
False
Officers should touch, get in close proximity to, and speak as loudly as possible to someone who they believe to be on the Autism Spectrum.
False
Personality Disorders, Mood Disorders, Thought Disorders, and Cognitive Disorders are essentially all the same.
False
T/F Community property is a valid defense
False. Community property is NOT a valid defense.
T/F Officers should sometimes be mentally and emotionally prepared for a possible shooting situation
False. Officers should ALWAYS be prepared for a possible shooting situation.
There are still countries where women are considered to be under the authority of their ________________ or ______________.
Fathers, Husbands
it excites the emotions to the point of overshadowing rational judgement. we believe that someone is trying to intrude and threaten the things that belong to us
Fear
US Attorney General
Federal law also requires the _____ ___________ __________ to provide an annual summary of missing children reports.
self-assured feeling on the part of certain individuals that they are superior or better than others
Feeling of Superiority
four basic feelings or attitudes harbored by most prejudiced person
Feeling of superiority, others are strange and different, proprietary claims, fear
Experts believe that the most common victims of human trafficking are _____________ and are trafficked primarily for sexual exploitation.
Females in their 20s
Relevant cases to Texas:
Fraire v. City of Arlington Graham v. Connor Brother v. Klevenhagen Morris v. Dillard Dept. Store (hog-tie/asphyxiation) Jackson v. City of Schertz (taser) City of Waco v. Williams (taser) Hathawy v. Bazany (shooting moving vehicle)
tends to reinforce prejudice concerning the group's alleged inferiority,limits the other groups' effectiveness in business, education, political office, and so forth, affords an avenue to economic exploitation
Function of Discrimination
-Targets child (may be focused on family first to gain teust/access); may use threats/ physical force to sexually assault/abuse child but subtle approaches more common (assume caring role, befriend, exploit family)
GROOMING PROCESS
One-officer patrol
Have more patrol vehicles on the street. When alone, more attention is devoted to functions and duties. Officers develop self-reliance and take fewer chances. Personality clashes are reduced.
If defendant does not objects to a defect, error, or irregularity in an indictment before his trial date, what happens?
He waives and forfeits the right to object and may not raise the objection on appeal or in any postconviction proceeding. -The court is not prohibited to require defendant to make his objection, if any, at an earlier time.
Minimum educational requirements for a telecommunicator
High School Equivalent Certificate.
Crimes against persons
Homicides
A study into sex trafficking into the United States revealed that all too often ______________ and ____________ recruit women into the trade.
Husband, Boyfriends
TX PC 20.01 -Grandparent/Guardian/person acting by, through, under direction of court with jurisdiction over child, and anyone who has express/implied consent of parent
IN LOCO PARENTIS
May/may not have capacity to understand nature of abuse. Difficulty relaying details. Overly trusting.
INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
Step Three
Identification of driver and check of conditions of violator and vehicle
Describe proper search techniques to be employed
Identify common types of bombs or suspicious objects that could be bombs.Solicit information from individuals. Search for bomb, do not touch anything that looks suspicious. If found evacuate the immediate area and call specialized assistance. Do not move the device!
The theft or misuse of personal or financial identifiers in order to gain something of value and/or facilitate other criminal activity defines what?
Identity Crime
Arrest for out-of-county offense CCP 15.18
If a person is arrested for an out of county offense he will be held in jail until that jurisdiction comes to pick him up. On the 11th day he shall be released if no arrangements have been made. However if the jurisdiction has some reason justifying a reason for a need to pick him up after 10 days, they can explain that and the extension will be granted.
Payton v. New York
In the absence of exigent circumstances or voluntary consent to enter, officer CANNOT enter a house to make a routine felony arrest unless he has a warrant
When can officer break door to execute arrest warrant?
In the case of a felony, he may break door of ANY house if he be refused entry after giving notice of his authority and purpose.
Because of the many _______________ that may be involved in human trafficking an investigator should be aware of the different roles and functions
Individual roles
Seeking Citizen Input:
Informal: Stop and Talk Formal: Questionnaire, Prepared questions when addressing groups.
Shall (CCP 63.013)
Information to Clearinghouse: Each law enforcement agency _______ provide to the missing children and missing persons information clearinghouse: (1) any information that would assist in the location or identification of any missing child who has been reported to the agency as missing; and (2) any information regarding an attempted child abduction that has been reported to the agency or that the agency has received from any person or another agency.
The work of Law Enforcement Officers is ____ Dangerous
Inherently
___________________ is not a theory.
Inherited behavior
What is considered to be a diminished capacity and inability to tell right from wrong?
Insanity
TX Constitution states that the right of trial by jury shall remain _____. And that legislature shall pass laws as needed to regulate this right, and keep its ______ and ________.
Inviolate. Purity and Efficiency.
Requisites of a Warrant
Issue in the name of "The State of Texas" Specify the name of the person to be arrested if known, or detailed description of person if name unknown State the offense Must be signed by the magistrate and his office be named in the body of the warrant
The definition of Kratom:
It affects the same opioid brain receptors as morphine, appears to have properties that expose users to the risks of addiction, abuse, and dependence
What is Alzheimer's disease?
It is a disease that is progressive and irreversible brain disease affecting approximately 5.2 million Americans
What is Trumatic Brain Injury?
It is injury caused by impact to the head, or other mechanisms of rapid movement or displacement of the brain within the school, as can happen with blast injuries. It ranges in severity from mild, moderate, to severe
Texas is the ________________ in regard to dealing with human trafficking, and has more than 40 multi-agency task forces throughout the state.
Leading state
A theory as to the cause of family violence is that it is a ___________________.
Learned behavior
Congress shall have power through_____ to enforce the provisions of these amendment. (14th)
Legislation
TX Constitution on Denial of Bail for violation of protective order involving Family Violence
Legislature may provide that violator of a family violence protective order, or an emergency family protective order, and ex-parte order may be taken into custody and be denied release on bail if magistrate determines by PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE that person violated this order.
Chronic exposure
Long term/ Low dose exposure with harmful consequences
Apprehension patrol
Low visibility and surveillance
Fatigue poses a threat to safe driving because it:
Lowers visual efficiency Causes longer perception time Causes longer decision/reaction time
In the execution of a warrant the officer ____ call in to his aid any number of citizens in his county, who shall be bound to aid in the execution of the same.
MAY
_______________ includes unwanted sexual touching or grabbing; threatening or offensive remarks about a person's body or sexual activities; threatening or unwelcome sexual advances
MST
Toxic/poisonous substances
Manmade materials that may cause injury or death to living organisms. These may exist as solids, liquids, or gasses.
What is an L2
Medical Condition Declaration
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury is usually associated with other bodily injury and is more prevalent in:
Military personnel
Trafficking of humans is believed to occur in every continent, and its believed that _________________ that at any point in history.
More people are enslaved now
Comparatively speaking; human slaves were worth ____________ than slaves today. In Pre-Civil war America they were considered to be a valuable commodity; slaves in modern times are often considered ______________.
More, Disposable
Requisites of Complaint/Affidavit
Must state name of accused or good description. Show accused has committed a criminal offense Must state time and place of offense. Must be signed by affiant by writing his name or initialing.
Myth or Reality? If people with other disabilities can cope on their own, people with mental illness should be able to do as well
Myth
Myth or Reality? Most people who struggle with mental illness are homeless, live in group homes or in mental hospitals
Myth
The NCMEC (Which stands for?) Analyzed more than _________ attempted child abductions between Feb 2005 and Jan 2014 which more than _______ methods were used.
NATIONAL CENTER FOR MISSING AND EXPLOUTED CHILDREN -9,000 -100
Is conviction of criminal offense necessary for proceeds forfeiture ?
NO
When an officer takes a person into custody for mental health issues the person shall be immediately transported to the ____________ appropriate inpatient mental health facility.
Nearest
Half
Nearly ______ of parents, 45%, do not know the location to which their child would be evacuated as part of their school's disaster plan.
Safety Guidelines
Never approach a situation without first notifying someone. Never go into a building without backup. Maintain constant awareness of the sidearm. Practice survival techniques.
The United States began to seriously fight the slave trade in the ________ century. The U.S. passed the 13th Amendment after President Lincoln drafted the emancipation proclamation abolishing savory.
Nineteenth
TX Constitution on Outlawry and Transportation
No citizen shall be outlawed, nor shall any person be transported out of the State for any offense committed within the same. -This DOES NOT prohibit an agreement with another state providing confinement in correctional facility of that state.
TX Constitution on Corruption of Blood, Forfeiture of estate
No conviction shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture of estate. -The estate of those who commit suicide shall descend as in case of natural death.
TX Constitution on Jury on Felony Cases
No person shall be convicted of felony except: -Upon verdict of jury duly rendered and recorded. -Upon defendant waiving his rights of trial by jury in open court and in writing upon entering a plea BUT state must still produce evidence showing guilt and such evidence must be accepted by court. UNLESS defendant consents in writing in open court to waive the evidence, then such evidence may be stipulated.
Creager v State
No written statement made by an accused as a result of custodial interrogation is admissible as evidence against him unless it is shown on the face of the statement that he received Miranda warnings.
Where to perform a pedestrian stop
Note escape routes, number of people that could be hurt, least number of hostages possible, safety, report location to dispatcher.
Spiritual/Faith System (Adapt/Accept by building resistance to stress or changing perspective)
Nurturing this area can give meaning to all the other areas and to life
Disadvantage of "no knock" warrant
Occupant may believe being attacked by home invaders and try to defend self
Agencies must require PO to complete the current firearms proficiency requirements at least _____
Once a calendar year.
Senators and Representatives shall be privileged from arrest during Legislature session and in going to and returning from the same, allowing ____ day for every ____ miles
One day for every 20 miles
Must have what to obtain warrant?
PC
6 months+ prepubescent child and recurrent intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges/behaviors (acting on/marked distress or fifficulty), not >16/within 5 yrs older of child
PEDOPHILIA (PEDOPHILIC DISORDER)
Black Awareness
Panic (freeze)
Offense within view of magistrate
Peace officer MAY arrest without warrant when a felony or breach of the peace has been committed in the presence/ within the view of a magistrate AND such magistrate verbally orders the arrest of the offender.
Who are psychopathic individuals (regarding mobs)?
People angry at the world, possibly because of frustration or mental illness, who could use the riotous situations as a means of getting even with society
Texas Constitution on Searches and Seizures
People shall be secured in their persons, houses, papers, and POSSESSIONS, from all unreasonable seizures or searches. -No warrant to search ANY PLACE, or to seize ANY PERSON OR THING shall issue without describing them AS NEAR AS MAY BE, nor without probable cause supported by oath of affirmation.
Who are resisters (regarding mobs)?
People who values and standards of judgment are not swayed by the emotional furor of the mob, who maintain a level head. Who disagree with the actions of the majority
Many times victims are forced to _______________ jobs because the trafficker insist they pay money owed which they are said to have accumulated and owe the trafficker.
Perform multiple
Continuous Violence Against the Family (25.11)
Person commits an offense if, during a period that is 12 months or less in duration, the person two or more times engages in conduct that constitutes an offense (Assault)
What is autism spectrum disorder?
Persons with autism suffer from sensory disorders that keep them from affectively filtering and blocking painful sensations
Types of information that should be entered into the officers field notebook?
Persons: Suspect(s) Victims(s) Witness(es) Describe the person head to toe Dates & Times Exact location of occurrence Persons involved
Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement
Plain view Emergency( exigent) searches Area within immediate control AT TIME of arrest Safety sweep of adjacent rooms
Milstead v Kibler
Police officers are shielded from civil liability unless (1) the officer's conduct violates a federal statutory or constitutional right (2) the right was clearly established at the time of the conduct, such that (3) an Objectively reasonable officer would have understood that the conduct violated that right
Typical people who are targeted are those who come from countries where there is _____________ and ______________ instability.
Political, Economic
Autopsy
Postmortem examination of human body, including x-rays and examination of internal organs and structures after dissection. To determine cause of death or nature of any pathological changes contributing to death.
It is preferable to use the _____________________ when discussing the types of behavior that the offender does in order to maintain the power and control in the family.
Power and control wheel
This skid can occur when accelerating too rapidly for road and/or conditions. To correct you should let off accelerator and re-establish control.*
Power skid (fishtail)
The two types of problem area patrol are _____ and _____ patrol.
Preventive and Apprehension Patrol
What is the F5-R Form?
Previous appointments on PO records.
as a member of the group, the individual believes he is entitled to exclusive or prior rights in a certain area
Proprietary Claims
In the United States __________ is the most common form of trafficking followed by ____________ work.
Prostitution, Agricultural
Importance of Patrol
Protection & Service
Community Involvement ( On-Duty)
Public speaking, civic groups, professional groups, clubs, other service oriented agencies( YMCA, Human Services, ETC)
Prosperous countries with disposable incomes are often found to be major ___________ factors creating a demand for human trafficking.
Pull
VCCR and bilateral treaties make notification an obligation
Purpose is to ensure that a foreign national is not placed in a situation in which he cannot receive assistance from his own government.
A continuing education course is any training course that is:
Recognized by the Commission taken post licensure.
A person who finds and brings people into the industry of human trafficking; typically by deception, but at times by force.
Recruiter
Advantages of using seat belts:
Reduced chance of injury or death if involved in a collisionBetter vehicle control Compliance with applicable statutes and/or policy Proper placement of lap belts and head rests
Walk back
Remove seatbelt; order violator back and obtain documents with the non-weapon hand
8 (CCP 63.0041)
Reporting of Attempted Child Abduction: (a) A local law enforcement agency, on receiving a report of an attempted child abduction, shall as soon as practicable, but not later than ____ hours after receiving the report, provide any relevant information regarding the attempted child abduction to the clearinghouse. Information not immediately available shall be obtained by the agency and entered into the clearinghouse as a supplement to the original entry as soon as possible. (b) A law enforcement officer or local law enforcement agency reporting an attempted child abduction to the clearinghouse shall make the report by use of the Texas Law Enforcement Telecommunications System or a successor system of telecommunication used by law enforcement agencies and operated by the Department of Public Safety.
An officer shall complete a program established under this subsection not later than the ______ ________of the date the officer is licensed under this chapter or the date the officer applies for an intermediate proficiency certificate, whichever date is earlier.
Second anniversary.
What means a notice placed on a consumer file that alerts a recipient of a consumer report involving that consumer file that the consumer's identity may have been used without the consumer's consent to fraudulently obtain goods or services in the consumer's name?
Security Alert
What means a notice placed on a consumer file that prohibits a consumer reporting agency from releasing a consumer report relating to the extension of credit involving that consumer file without the express authorization of the consumer?
Security Freeze
Bail
Security given by the accused that he will appear and answer before the proper court. Includes bail, bond, or personal bond.
Methods of seizure with warrant:
Seized by any peace officer under authority of a search warrant. Rules apply from CCP Ch 18.
Most women and children are used in the ___________ industry after being bought.
Sex
1
Sex Offender Level ___: Indicates that the person poses a low danger to the community and will not likely engage in criminal sexual conduct.
2
Sex Offender Level ___: Indicates that the person poses a moderate danger to the community and may continue to engage in criminal sexual conduct
3
Sex Offender Level ___: Indicates that the person poses a serious danger to the community and will continue to engage in criminal sexual conduct
Equality under the law should not be denied because of:
Sex, race, color, creed or national origin. -This is self-operative.
categorize people and make judgements about them rather than evaluate them based on their individual character
Stereotyping
When conduct permissible -
TC 546.002 = In this section, "police escort" means facilitating the movement of a funeral, oversized or hazardous load, or other traffic disruption for public safety purposes by a peace officer described by Articles 2.12(1)-(4), (8), (12), and (22), Code of Criminal Procedure. (b) Section 546.001 applies only when the operator is: (1) responding to an emergency call; (2) pursuing an actual or suspected violator of the law; (3) responding to but not returning from a fire alarm; (4) directing or diverting traffic for public safety purposes; or (5) conducting a police escort.
Exceptions to signal requirement -
TC 546.004
Duty of care -
TC 546.005
General Provisions -
TC Chapter 542
Operation of A. E. V. and Certain Other Vehicles -
TC Chapter 546.001, = Authorized Emergency Vehicle,
T/F Knowledge of assigned area increases probability of on-site arrest and officer safety
TRUE
One of the best online resources for finding State (and county) mental health services in Texas is provided by:
Texas Department of Health and Human Services
Before an agency appoints any licensee to a position requiring a commission license, it shall complete the reporting requirements of:
Texas Occupations Code §1701.451.
After the death of Sandra Bland, the Texas Senate passed this bill in which law enforcement officers are required to learn de-escalation techniques to reduce the use of force and shall make a good faith effort to divert people suffering from mental health crises to proper treatment.
Texas State Bill 1849
Who SHALL keep documentation proving eligibility for licensing on the date of initial appointment?
The appointing agency
The magistrate committing the arrested SHALL immediately provide notice to the County Sheriff where offense allegedly occurred regarding:
The arrest and commitment Whether person was arrested under warrant
Okonkwo v Fernandez
"Government officials who perform discretionary functions are entitled to the defense of qualified immunity, which shields them from suit as well as liability for civil damages, if their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable officer would have known. A defendant official must affirmatively plead the defense of qualified immunity."
What did the US Supreme Court state in the Gates Opinion?
"Perhaps the central teaching of our past decisions bearing on the probable cause standard is that it is a practical, non-technical conception. In dealing with probable cause, we deal with probabilities. These are not technical; they are the factual and practical considerations of everyday life on which reasonable and prudent men (not legal technicians or attorneys) act."
A person arrested without warrant and detained in jail must be released on bond in an amount not to exceed_____ and no later than _____ after person's arrest when arrested for misdemeanor offense and magistrate has not determined probable cause. If person not able to pay bond, person must be released on ______ ______.
$5K, 24 hrs. Personal bond.
Murder (PC 19.02)
(1) intentionally or knowingly causes the death of an individual; (2) intends to cause serious bodily injury and commits an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual; or (3) commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempt, or in immediate flight from the commission or attempt, he commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual. (c) Except as provided by Subsection (d), an offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.
Disruption of transportation
(2) to or from an activity sponsored by a school on a vehicle owned or operated by a county or independent school district. (b) An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.
Arrest by peace officer from other jurisdiction
(a) A peace officer commissioned and authorized by another state to make arrests for felonies who is in fresh pursuit of a person for the purpose of arresting that person for a felony may continue the pursuit into this state and arrest the person. (b) In this article, "fresh pursuit" means a pursuit without unreasonable delay by a peace officer of a person the officer reasonably suspects has committed a felony.
12 to 14
The average age of sex trafficking recruitment nationwide is between the ages of ___ to ___ years old
Interest Holder
The bona fide holder of a perfected lien or a perfected security interest in property
39.6 Review the requirements for an owner with a dangerous dog. The court SHALL order the animal control authority to humanely destroy the dog, if the owner has not complied with subsection (a) before the 11th day after the date on which the dog is seized or delivered to the authority.
The court SHALL order the authority to return the dog to the owner if the owner complies with subsection (a) before the 11th day after the date on which the dog is seized or delivered to the authority.
Two officers with one person (Interviewing techniques)
The initiating officer should exercise precautions. The second officer should take position (avoid cross-fire situation). One officer should take lead in gathering information.
Known
The most common exploiters are those who are _________ to the child and/or their family, and the exploiter may even hold a position of trust with the family. Some exploiters will expend great time and effort cultivating a position of trust among community members or specific families.
Veterans and law enforcement share many commonalities. Which of these expresses one of those areas?
The need to repress emotional or instinctual responses
Depository Account
The obligation of a regulated financial institution to pay the account owner under a written agreement. Includes checking account, savings account, money market account, time deposit, NOW account, or certificate of deposit.
The 14th Amendment says representation shall be appointed to states according to what?
Their numbers( population) and not counting Indians not taxed.
Who are Supportive persons (regarding mobs)?
Those who do not actively join the mob but who enjoy the show and even shout encouragement, sometimes to both sides
What is a person entitled to when he is the subject of an employment termination report?
To file a petition contesting information included in the report, within 30 days.
Sex ________________ typically happens when people of one country travel to a different country to fulfill their desires; because of strict human trafficking laws in their own.
Tourism
Honesty and sincerity are essential for building rapport and trust.
True
It is important to help someone who is feeling suicidal reach out to personal resources such as family, friends, church, social services, and neighbors.
True
Many mentally ill persons who seek treatment do not receive it. Mental hospital beds per capita in the U.S. are lower than they have been since 1850.
True
Senate Bill 1849 requires that each local mental health authority incorporate jail diversion strategies...for managing adults with schizophrenia and bi-polar disorder to reduce the involvement of those clients with the criminal justice system.
True
T/F Affidavits are sworn under oath
True
T/F An attorney representing the state who has reasonable belief as to the identity of rightful owner of property subject to forfeiture SHALL notify owner.
True
Traumatic brain injury can occur from proximity to a blast, blunt force trauma, penetrating injuries, or other mechanisms of rapid movement or displacement of the brain within the skull.
True
True or False? Mental health is a general term to a state of emotional and psychological well-being that allows you to function in society and meet the demands of every day life
True
True or False? People with mental illness are more likely to be victims than perpetrators
True
True or false: even with ABS, it is still possible for a driver to lock-up the wheels.
True
T/F Regarding the quartering of soldiers, the TX Constitution specifies that no soldier shall be quartered in the house of any CITIZEN.
True (This is a distinction between the TX and US Constitution.)
Color Codes of Awareness
White: Relaxed and Unaware Yellow: Alert to surroundings. Orange: Your senses have alerted you something is up. Red: Taking Action Black: Panic/ Freeze
Requests for accommodations to take the Basic licensing exam must be made in a _____ AND ______format, ______ days prior to scheduling a licensing exam
Written AND notarized format, 90 days.
The more time you spend in ____ and _____ , the greater your chances for survival
Yellow and Orange
First Responders
_________ ____________ Responding to the Scene: 1. Turn on dash/body cam 2. Interview parent/guardian/person who made initial report. 3. Confirm child is missing. 4. Verify child's custody status. 5. ID circumstances of missing episode. 6. Determine where, when, and who child was last seen with. 7. Interview person who had last contact with child. 8. Identify Child's zone of safety, by developmental stage. 9. Make initial assessment of non family abduction, family abduction, runaway, lost, injured, otherwise missing. 10. Obtain description of child, abductor, vehicle. 11. Secure photos/videos of child/abductor 12. Enter basic info on NCIC, missing person file. 13. Evaluate AMBER alert criteria. 14. Evaluate circumstances warrant NCMEC. 15. Relay info for broadcast updates. 16. Separate, ID and interview all persons at scene. 17. Obtain permission to search home of child. Search home immediately. 18. Seal/protect scene and area of childs home. 19. Evaluate contents and appearance of childs room/home. 20. Childs cell phone records and use. 21. Extend search to surrounding area. 22. Treat areas of interest as crime scenes 23. Look for surveillance, review footage. 24. Interview other family members. 25. review sex offenders near area 26. Ensure information regarding the missing child is entered into NCIC Missing Person File no more than two hours after receipt of the report and any information about a suspected abductor is entered into the NCIC Wanted Person File. 27. Prepare flier with child/abductor info 28. Prepare report.
Disaster Response Plan
____________ ___________ _____ should include the following to endure the protection of minors separated from their parent(s) or guardians: • Who is responsible for lost children and unaccompanied minors -which agency is in charge of monitoring and attending to the children's basic needs -where the children be sheltered -background checks and fingerprints collected on all individuals that will have access to the unaccompanied minors • When the parent(s) or guardians are located, have a precise custodial release procedure in place -standardized guidelines to verify the identity and custody rights of persons claiming to be the child's parent or guardian
sketch
a drawing which represents the crime scene and serves to supplement photography by providing accurate information concerning the distance between various points in the scene
Hazard class
a group of hazardous materials that share dangerous characteristics
Disorderly conduct
a minor offense involving disturbance of public peace and decency
dating violence
a pattern of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse that occurs in a dating relationship
Late Apex*
a point along the inside edge of a turn that is past the literal apex point where a vehicle might come the closest to the inside edge of the roadway.
Contact team
a proactive search team to locate and eliminate deadly conduct.
Demonstration
a public display of group opinion, often a rally or march - Includes marches, protests, student walk outs, assemblies and sit ins.
Information for dispatchers during demonstrations
activity, size, weapons, safest route, most practical location for command post.
Crowd control
address assemblies, display officers, dispersal tactics and arrest procedures.
Force (definition to know)
an aggressive act committed by any person which does not amount to assault, and is necessary to accomplish an objective (lawfully)
According to the Code of Criminal Procedure, a peace officer may request a magistrate's order for emergency protection at a defendant's appearance before a magistrate after an arrest for _________________________________. (Art 17.292) (a)
an offence involving family violence
Psychopathic people
angry at the world, frustration, mental illness, means of getting even with society
Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness involving cycle between extreme activity (mania) and depression. The strongest predictors of Bipolar disorder appear to be baseline ______________, which increases the risk from 2% to 49%.
anxiety and depression
Places should be described?
beginning at one point then proceeding in one direction such as left-to-right or top-to-bottom. The goal is to paint a picture of the place with your words.
Use your competence to build rapport by
being fair, collaborative, proactive, and reliable
Use your character to build rapport by
being warm, authentic, open, and honest
Patrol modes
bicycle, motorcycle, foot, automobile, fixed wing, mounted
neutral steer*
both front wheel tires follow radius of curve
Low profile position
call for back up; weapon unholstered; only one officer gives commands; light effectiveness; see all hands prior to exit; start with biggest threat; stress 4 stages of arrest.
excited delirium syndrome
can result in death (usually via cardiac or respiratory arrest), an outcome that is sometimes associated with the use of physical control measures, including police restraint
Crowd classifications
casual, cohesive, expressive, aggressive
If the respondent is not present at the hearing and the order has been reduced to writing at the conclusion of the hearing, the clerk of the court shall immediately provide a ______________ of the order to the applicant and mail a copy of the order to the respondent not later than the third business day after the date the hearing is concluded.
certified copy
You should notify the FBI about ID crime if:
commit a bank fraud, government fraud, or losses involving over $100,000
Officers may become .....
complacent and develop a false sense of security.
excited delirium
condition manifests as a combination of delirium, psychomotor agitation, anxiety, hallucinations, speech disturbances, disorientation, violent and bizarre behavior, insensitivity to pain, elevated body temp, superhuman strength
9.03 Confinement as Justifiable force
confinement justified when force is justified if actor takes reasonable measures to terminate the confinement as soon as he knows he safely can unless the person confined has been arrested for an offense
A victim's reactions to abuse falls into three classes which are _________, _________, and ________.
coping, managing, and resisting
Spoofing
creation of emails and websites that appear to belong to legitimate businesses which direct you to enter large amounts of personal info.
Financial Identifiers
credit card number, bank account numbers, PIN's, insurance account number, etc.
Ask victim to gather documents, especially ______ from the three major bureaus (Equifax, Experian, Trans Union).
credit reports if not voluntary, may be subpoena
Strategies to use during officer contact in determining possible Intellectual Disability:
criminal activity speech/language social behavior performance tasks
Some of the current trends associated with identity theft involve the usage of ____________ ___________.
current technologies
According to the Family Code, _______________ means an act by an individual that is against another individual with whom that person has had a dating relationship and that is intended to result in physical harm.
dating violence
Selective patrol
deals with specific problems; be aware of the problem, the location, and the time of day that the problems usually occur.
The following events might result in a person feeling as though he/she in a crisis situation:
death of a loved one death of a pet layoff from work financial difficulties getting locked out of car/house divorce/child custody legal difficulties
As speed of vehicle increases, effectiveness of audible warning devices ________.
decreases
Jail Diversion Goals
decriminalization of persons with mental illness reduce incarcerations increase public safety reduce violence lower recidivism rates
9.02 Justification as a defense
defense to prosecution that the conduct in question is justified under this chapter
If a licensee is charged with the commission of a felony, adjudication is ____ and the licensee is placed on _____ _____, the commission SHALL immediately suspend any license held for a period of______ years.
deferred, community supervision, 30 years.
High density urban/business structures cause siren sound _________.
deflection
What does an officer conducting a preliminary investigation need to be familiar with and adhere to what?
departmental policy
The most common mental disorder in the U.S. is
depression
The single most common factor in suicidal behavior or death by suicide is experiencing
depression
The two common mood disorders encountered by LE are:
depression and bipolar
People who suffer from bipolar disorder usually only seek professional assistance during this phase
depressive
Pedophilia
describes a condition related to sexual attraction to pre-pubescent children
Types of abuse common to family violence are ______________________________ and injuring or killing pets.
destroying personal possessions
obtain as complete a discription as possible of any property stolen by suspect
detail of item, color, make, model, serial number, place of purchase, value, significant characteristics or marks
Guthery v Taylor
disciplinary action without written and signed complaint was against gov. code 614.022 and 614.23
6 out of 10 people with Alzheimer's will ____________. If not found within 24 hours up to half of those who do risk serious injury or death (2017)
drive
Most tactical changes occur.....
during the middle phase of the stop.
Domestic abuse can take the form of physical, sexual, and ________________.
emotional abuse
39.17 Discuss de-escalation techniques in working with canine calls. Even though dog behavior can be complex, simple strategies can keep officers safe in most of their
encounters with dogs.
Personality disorders are caused by a combination of ___________________ and ________________ factors.
environmental; genetic
Mob behavior is .....
essentially emotional and without reason.
Reckless injury of innocent third person
even if justified in using or threatening force or deadly force, if in doing so he recklessly injures or kills innocent 3rd person, the justification is unavailable
Garrity v. New Jersey
evidence gathered from an employee under threat of dismissal was not admissible in a criminal trial
True or False You are trying to diagnose the person before resolving the underlying issue.
false
Texas law defines and uses _______________ and there is no legal definition for domestic violence.
family violence
ride*
feel sensation of vehicle (comfort)
___________ accounted for 49.8% of suicide deaths.
firearms
Deadly Resistance
firearms; all tools
Bicycle patrol
flexibility, improve community relations
In determining appropriate method of transport it is best to
follow departmental policy
centripetal force*
force created by a vehicle that is turning, and the force that is opposing inertia. Center seeking force that pulls the vehicle to the INSIDE of a turn.
9.31 Self-defense
force is immediately necessary to protect self against the other's use or attempted use of unlawful force
Non-deadly force: means
force not likely to cause death or great bodily harm and can be used if in using non-deadly force you reasonably believed that such conduct was necessary to defend yourself or another against an attacker's imminent use of unlawful force and the use of unlawful force by the attacker appeared ready to take place.
9.34 Protection of life or health
force, but not deadly, to prevent the other from committing suicide - BUT, a suicidal person can quickly become homicidal
"Family" includes individuals related by consanguinity or affinity, as determined under Sections 573.022 and 573.024, Government Code, individuals who are _______________ of each other, individuals who are the parents of the same child, without regard to marriage, and a foster child and foster parent, without regard to whether those individuals reside together.
former spouses
The process of LEAPS is ________________________, but it can _____________________ or go from the end back to the beginning.
forward moving; reverse
Tell victims to have a _________ placed on their credit reports. The ____________ will show up on their credit report when companies make inquiries about their credit and may stop additional fraud.
fraud alert
types of nonverbal communication
friendly and helpful aggressive and hostile ambiguous
To deal with family violence, a court can order an offender to seek specialized counseling and to _______________________________ or place of employment or business of a person protected by an order or a member of the family or household of a person protected by an order.
going to or near the residence
People acting in ___________________, reasonable and without negligence are not civilly or criminally liable.
good faith
"_________" means a unit composed of persons living together in the same dwelling, without regard to whether they are related to each other.
household
9.22 Necessity
immediately necessary to avoid imminent harm
"Family violence" means an act by a member of a family or household against another member of the family or household that is intended to result in physical harm, bodily injury, assault, or sexual assault or that is a threat that reasonably places the member in fear of ________ physical harm, bodily injury, assault, or sexual assault, but does not include defensive measures to protect oneself.
imminent
With regards to bipolar disorder, _______________________ is usually the reason for LE interaction, which results from exhibitionism, shop-lifting, substance abuse, or other illegal actives.
impulsivity
Mood disorders are demonstrated by disturbances in emotional reactions and feelings. In other words, one's emotional experience (mood) is ____________ with his or her circumstances.
inconsistent
Consequences of effective public service
increased trust and respect, budget support, reduced complaints
Principle considerations
ineffective control; excessive control; force used no more than other reasonable officer in same totality of circumstances; follow department policy and the law
You statements
interpreted as accusatory; implies the listener is personally responsible; creates defensiveness
Adverb
is a word or combination of words typically serving as a modifier of a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a preposition, a phrase, a clause, or a sentence and expressing some relation of manner. Answers questions When? How Long? Where? in what direction? How? To What Degree?
Modifiers
is a word or set of words that qualifies or limits another word or set of words.
Adjective
is a word that typically describes or modifies the meaning of a Noun. Ex "a brave officer" "A new car"
9.33 Defense of Third Person
justified to protect 3rd person
Crowds
large number of persons temporarily congregated without organization.
Factors for crowd management
legal rights, right to curry on business, tactical ability to handle situation, emotional complexion of the group.
Maryland v. Wilson
lets officer take passengers out of vehicle
Pennsylvania v. Mimms
lets officers take driver out of the vehicle
The Three-Point Assessment consists of determining a subject's mental health status by examining their
level of comprehension behavior emotion
Ineffective control
level of force is less than the subject's level of resistance
excessive control
level of force is unreasonably greater than the subject's level of resistance
Condition yellow is a .....
lifetime commitment for Peace Officers (greater your chances for survival).
Up to 80% of crisis situations can be diffused through _________.
listening
The 80/20 rule consists of
listening for 80% and talking for 20%
More recent scams innvolving stealing information by;
listening to phone calls, reading people faxes/emails, hacking computers, taking advantage of careless online shoppers
People with mental illness are more likely to be victims of crime because
live in poor areas the areas have higher crime rates unable to make safe decisions
LOCAL
location, occupant(s), color, auto (body style, make, model, etc.), license
Peace officer
maintaining peace with intent to safeguard lives and property
An authorized representative of the Department of Family and Protective Services, a law enforcement officer, or a juvenile probation officer ____________________________ of a child without a court order on discovery of a child in a situation of danger to the child's physical health or safety when the sole purpose is to deliver the child without unnecessary delay to the parent, managing conservator, possessory conservator, guardian, caretaker, or custodian who is presently entitled to possession of the child.
make temporary possession
Contact/rescue man
man #1 = left flank, man #2 = right flank, maintains radio contact, makes entries, searches and carries victims, covers threats on left.
rental cars
many times officers will stop a vehicle that is obviously a rental car. A check of the rental contract in the vehicle may reveal that none of the occupants rented the car and the car is not supposed to be out of the state it was rented in. Many rental companies have trouble keeping track of the large inventory of vehicles they rent. Best thing an officer can do is document the occupants of the vehicle and the VIN of the car for possible future prosecution
Demonstration
marches, protests, walk-outs, assemblies, sit-ins. Attracts a crowd, participants, onlookers, observers, media.
Restrain
means to restrict a person's movements without consent, so as to interfere substantially with the person's liberty, by moving the person from one place to another or by confining the person. It is "without consent" if it is accomplished by (A) force, intimidation, or deception; or (B) any means including acquiescence of the victim, if: (i) victim is a child under 14 years of age or an incompetent person and parent/guardian has not acquiesced in the movement or confinement; or (ii) victim is 14 years of age or older and younger than 17 and taken outside the state and outside a 120 mile radius from residence, and parent/guardian has not acquiesced in the movement.
__________________ __________________ is a continuous problem for LE because abrupt medication cessation is a primary cause of crisis incidents.
medication non-compliance
The essential feature of a substance use disorder is a cluster of ________, ___________, ____________, symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance- related problems (DSM-V, 2015).
mental, behavioral, and physiological
The essential feature of a substance use disorder is a cluster of ______________, _________________, and ____________________ symptoms indicating that the individual continues using the substance despite significant substance related problems.
mental, behavioral, physiological
Officers should always be .....
mentally and emotionally prepared for a possible shooting situation.
MST
military sexual trauma
________________ _______________ are demonstrated by disturbances in emotional reactions and feelings; one's emotional experiences (mood) in inconsistent with his/her circumstances.
mood disorders
Tennessee v. Garner
must have imminent threat on fleeing felon
Personal Indentifiers
name, DOB, social security number, address, phone number, DL number, passport number, etc.
PTSD negative changes in mood and thought patterns symptoms
negative beliefs self-blame feelings of guilt loss of interest inability to feel positive emotions
On determining the location of a child under Subsection (a)(1) or (2), other than a child who is subject to the continuing jurisdiction of a district court, an officer shall take possession of the child and shall deliver or arrange for the delivery of the child to a person entitled to possession of the child. If the person entitled to possession of the child is _______________________, the law enforcement officer shall deliver the child to the Department of Protective and Regulatory Services.
not immediately available
what does an accomplished theif do?
not only completes the crime but disposes of the property the "Achilles Heel" of property crime is the disposal of the stolen property
Guided Imagery (Relaxation Techniques)
o Guided daydreaming elicits relaxation response o Imagining being in a beautiful peaceful place and mentally engaging the senses—colors, sights, smells, touch and sounds
Danger cues
observe layout, suspects, & awareness of suspect/victims.
how do you accurately locate objects in the crime scene
obtain sufficient measurements
90%
of people who die by suicide have a diagnosable and treatable psychiatric disorder at the time of their death.
Courts look for clear ________, ________ and ___________ misconduct
offensive, deliberate, willful
Law enforcement role in arrest
officer's problems may grow out of the use of force employed against a combative but UNARMED law violator when reasonable alternatives to use of force are not employed
CCP 6.07
officers may use all force necessary to repel the aggression.
Establish crime scene perimeter
officers should keep in mind that the scene may include multiple locations
A special meeting to receive public comment on training and standards will be conducted at least ______ every ______ years.
once, every 2 years.
Elements of crime prevention program
opportunity reduction, security surveys, neighborhood watch, property inventory, business crime, personal safety, youth crime, domestic crime.
Yielders
opposes violence, but only half heartedly, if the fighting starts they join in
If there is no time to obtain a temporary order, temporary restraining order, or attachment under Section 262.102(a) before taking possession of a child consistent with the health and safety of that child, an authorized representative of the Department of Family and Protective Services, a law enforcement officer, or a juvenile probation officer may take possession of a child without a court order under the following conditions, only on personal knowledge of facts that would lead a person of __________________ and caution to believe that there is an immediate danger to the physical health or safety of the child.
ordinary prudence
What works best when communicating with a mentally ill person is _______________ and ____________________.
patience, communication
"Member of a household" includes a person who __________ lived in a household.
previously
To prevent the disqualification of family violence victims from receiving crime victim compensation, officers should arrest the _________________ instead of arresting both parties when responding to family violence calls.
primary aggressor
Law enforcement agencies should be __________in their approach to educating the public about identity crime.
proactive
triggers
refers to sensory stimuli that causes one to recall a previous traumatic memory and subsequently have a physiological reaction to a real or imagined threat
A magistrate may require as a condition of _______________ that a defendant charged with an offense involving family violence to refrain from going to or near a residence, school, place of employment, or other location, as specifically described in the bond, frequented by an alleged victim of the offense.
released on bond
Exigent means "______________________________" In some instances the 911 call itself may support a determination of exigent circumstances or include an invitation to enter without force.
requiring immediate action
Individuals often begin abusing substances as a form of _________________________ to treat some of the symptoms such as depression, insomnia, or anxiety.
self-medication
According to the Code of Criminal Procedure, a peace officer _____ arrest, without a warrant, a person the peace officer has probable cause to believe has committed an offense under Section 25.07, Penal Code (violation of Protective Order), if the offense is committed in the presence of the peace officer.
shall
A person who is the subject of a protective order may file a motion not earlier than the first anniversary of the date on which the order was rendered requesting that _________________ the protective order and determine whether there is a continuing need for the order.
the court review
Senate Bill 1849
the department SHALL require each local mental health authority to incorporate jail diversion strategies into the authority's disease management practices for managing adults with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder to reduce the involvement of those clients with the criminal justice system
Quadrant, Sector or zone search
this type of search is effective for indoor and outdoor scenes that have regular patterns or defined borders. This type of search also permits different types of searches in the different sectors
circular search
this type of search is useful when an item is missing from the center and the search must be conducted rapidly. The search may begin in the inside or the outside as circumstances dictate
9.04 Threats as justifiable force
threat to cause death or SBI by production of a weapon or otherwise, as long as the actor's purpose is limited to creating an apprehension that he will use deadly force if necessary, does not constitute use of deadly force
The right of the people
to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, BUT upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
5 Universal Truths of Human Interaction
treated with respect rather be asked than told have options rather than threats receive a second chance feel important
Good Principle: When words and actions disagree:
trust actions; be alert and ready to use force
MST is unique because it is perpetrated by a
trusted brother or sister in arms
Escape 38.01
unauthorized departure from custody or failure to return to custody following temporary leave for a specific purpose or limited period or leave that is part of an intermittent sentence, but does not include a violation of conditions of community supervision or parole other than conditions that impose a period of confinement in a secure correctional facility
Custody 38.01
under arrest by a peace officer or under restraint by a public servant pursuant to an order of a court of this state or another state of the United States
It is the duty of every officer to take possession of a child _________________________.
under article 63.009(g)
*Steering inputs
under steer, over steer, neutral steer
What should officers do when taking measurements?
use a standard, acceptable measuring device
9.41 Protection of One's Own Property
use of force to protect property
how to record measurements in a crime scene
use permanent reference points
area search
uses any technique which will be effective in examining specific and small areas with defined borders, such as landscaped areas, bushes, paths, and sidewalks
yawmarks*
vehicle moves around its center of gravity as speed increases rear wheels track outside of the front wheels
3 parts of the driving system*
vehicle,environment,driver
No resistance (compliance)
verbal commands; mere presence
Your top priority when using the Critical Decision-Making Model is to
verbally diffuse the situation
A small group of people acting lawless can be .....
very dangerous.
At a defendant's appearance before a magistrate after arrest for an offense involving family violence or an offense under Section 20A.02, 20A.03, 22.011, 22.012, 22.021, or 42.072, Penal Code, the magistrate may issue an order for emergency protection on the magistrate's own motion or on the request of: (1) The__________________; (2) The guardian of the victim; (3) A peace officer; or (4) The attorney representing the state.
victim of the offense
Remember it's not _____________ you say, but ____________ you say it.
what; how
diplomatic immunity
when an ambassador is not subject to the laws of the state to which they are accredited
Direct approach (on foot):
· Advantage - observe all movements · Disadvantage - lose surprise element and vulnerable to resistance
Rear approach (on foot):
· Advantages- surprise; reduces probability of direct attack · Disadvantage - may provoke physical response in defense of him/her self
Baskin v. Smith
· Handcuffing too tightly and failing to double-lock the handcuffs may lead to an excessive force claim when the officers have been placed on notice of a suspect's complaints, especially if the suspect expresses a medical condition aggravated by the handcuffs.
Arrest:
· In clear language, advise the subject of the reason for the arrest. Subjects may resist officers simply because they don't understand the nature of the arrest.
Balance: Define
· Mental balance consists of being prepared to control your own emotional and physical self, and then to restrain the violator and, ultimately, the situation, not allowing the emotional level to overcome your self-control and balance. Physical balance is the position that allows you the ability to move while maintaining balance, strength, and advantage. Proper positioning includes staying just outside the suspect's reach but where you can view everything, with your gun side away from the suspect and with a balanced stance.
Risk factors:
· Suspect's mental attitude/behavioral disorders · Time and location · Intoxication · Spectators supportive attitude toward subject · Officer attitude
Justification of baton use:
· The officer has the burden to justify the use of a baton by the totality of the circumstances · Consider the physical stature of the suspect(s) as compared to the officer · Consider the skill level of suspect (martial arts) or history of violence · Consider the need for immediate control of the suspect(s) or situation due to tactical determinations such as: o the officer's perception of the suspect's knowledge or apparent knowledge of a fighting form o the assumption of an aggressive stance by the suspect o the suspect's inability to be restrained by lesser means due to the influence of alcohol and/or other drugs. (Penal Code, Section 9.51)
One vs. two officers (on foot):
· Visual contact with each other · Approach should be spread in V formation · Plan confrontation · Communicate · One officer in charge · Side officer keep hands free, gun away from suspect, observe suspect hands
Relate deadly force to:
· empty hand techniques · control weapons · chemical and electrical devices · firearms · vehicles · other topics o Penal Code o units dealing with arrest
Vondrak v. City of Las Cruces
· finding that officers were not entitled to qualified immunity on claims that they used excessive force in unduly tightening an arrestee's handcuffs.
Standing Body Search:
· from the rear · watch the arms · one holding suspect's waistband from the rear (see note below) search with free hand
Two suspects and two sets of handcuffs:
· hands to rear · arms interlocking · palms out · handcuffs double-locked
Handcuffing One suspect:
· hands to rear · palms out · handcuffs double-locked · in an emergency, apply in any manner possible
the ability to affect an arrest. Components:
· keeping prisoner in sight · maintaining control o escort positions o verbal communication · handcuffing · standing a cuffed suspect up from prone, kneeling in a safe and efficient manner · assessing safety, communication and de-escalation · transporting
Considerations for a frisk
· one officer vs. two officers · stress safety · clothing, heavy clothing vs beach attire · stress pat down vs. search
Two suspects and one set of handcuffs:
· right hand to right hand · left hand to left hand · this procedure causes them difficulty in running
Impact weapons:
· straight baton · expandable baton · side handle baton · similar weapons
Supplements to handcuffs:
· tie · belt · shoelaces · strips of cloth · plastic handcuffs
Unaccompanied Minor Registry
• A place for emergency management agencies, law enforcement, shelter staff, hospital employees and other organizations to report minors in their care during disasters • Accepts reports of children up to age 18 • Allows agencies managing a large number of unaccompanied children to upload entire lists of names at once
Reality
• Alcoholism is a disease for which recovery is possible IF the alcoholic begins and sticks with a recovery program. If not, a premature death is likely. • Alcohol may help with onset of sleep but interferes with necessary REM sleep causing sleep impairment. • No one really knows what drives a person to drink. Studies have implicated physical, genetic, psychological, environmental, and social factors • Many alcoholics hold high-level jobs and function well at work for years before their performance is noticeable affected by drinking. • Abstinence is not a sign that someone is free of alcoholism. AA calls these abstainers "dry drunks" • Alcohol abuse patterns vary. Some get drunk daily and others on weekends. Some stay sober for months and then go on a long binge.
Three basic approaches to stress management
• Avoid • Alter • Adapt/Accept by building resistance to stress or changing perspective.
39.17 Discuss de-escalation techniques in working with canine calls. Strategy 2:
• Avoid excessive movement. Move slowly and smoothly in order to give him a chance to back away. Most importantly always be aware of the signal he is sending with his body language as you approach. Are his eyes darting back an forth or his eyes gaze looking away while he is crouching submissively? Alternatively is he yawning, flickering his tongue in and out of the front of his mouth, or panting with his lips drawn back to the sides? These are signs of conflict or anxiety. In all of these situations, give the animal space.
Unrealistic Expectations / Self Affirmations (Adapt/Accept by building resistance to stress or changing perspective)
• Be positive and supportive of yourself • Don't dwell on negative or degrading thoughts • Identify and rewrite negative thoughts or messages to positive realistic expectations; "I should succeed at everything I do' to "when I fail, I'll get up and try again or try something different" • Use humor when appropriate, it can dampen stress and change moods
Stressors related to the law enforcement career
• Begin career optimistic, enthusiastic, and idealistic • New experiences and relationships forged under challenges • Non law enforcement friendships may fade • After graduation, a rookie looks to the veterans for how to do the job. They learn how to do the job and stay alive but where do they learn how to keep relationships heathy and alive? • Frequent exposure to negative views of the world from law enforcement peers and experiences on the job combined with continued social isolation from non-law enforcement friends and activities can lead to cynical, negative, distrustful or overly suspicious attitudes.
"Tactical Breathing" or deep breathing. (Relaxation Techniques)
• Breathe in for count of 4, hold for 4 and exhale for 4 using diaphragm (belly) breathing. • Slow deep breathing kicks in the Parasympathetic NS. Causes the heart rate and blood pressure to lower and the body relax.
3. Adapt/Accept by building resistance to stress or changing perspective. (Three basic approaches to stress management)
• Building Resistance by nurturing a balance to give a broad base of support: Psychological, Physical, Social, Spiritual/Faith system, Changing Perspective, Unrealistic Expectations/Self Affirmations
Magistrate may issue warrant or summons when:
• By law is authorized to order verbally the arrest of an offender • When any person states under oath before the magistrate that another has committed some offense against the laws of the State. • In any case when authorized to issue warrants of arrest
39.11 Describe the usage of on-scene awareness when approaching a situation involving a canine call. Check for presence of canine: If yard is not fenced
• Call out for canine. • Beat on the side of the door. • Honk the horn. • Whistle.
39.23 Discuss additional techniques to use to survive a canine attack. Surviving the attack. If the canine gets your hand, shove it as far into their mouth as you can. Avoid the impulse to pull away. Such an action can increase injury, changing a less serious puncture into a deep laceration.
• Canines move faster than people do.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. The eyes:
• Dogs rarely look directly into each others eyes because this is considered threatening behavior. • A direct stare is much more likely to be a threat, and if you are in close proximity to such a dog, it is wise to look away slowly. • If the dog does not look directly at you, but instead looks out of the corner of his eyes so that you see a good deal of the white of his eyes (the sclera), he might be leading up to an aggressive outburst. This look is known as "Whale eye".
Social (Adapt/Accept by building resistance to stress or changing perspective)
• Engage in community involvement activities and nurture relationships in and outside of law enforcement. • Engage emotionally with family and friends
Vulnerabilities that may increase the Risk for Exploitation
• Family Dynamics: -lack of attention, dysfunction, prior history of abuse or neglect, lack of monitoring, inappropriate boundaries in family relationships, family history of victimization or family relationship to the abuser • Individual Characteristics: -lack of bonding, self esteem, assertiveness, awareness, bargaining power, self-confidence, trust in instincts or other self-protective traits. Lack of understanding of healthy relationships or personal boundaries, including effects of previous history of abuse. Disabilities, particularly those which might affect the child's ability to understand the nature of the abuse, disclose to others, or be believed or understood if disclosing. • Community labels: -child identified as "troubled," "problem-child," "at-risk," "story teller," or otherwise lacking in credibility. Poverty and other stressors on the family or community that limit awareness, prevention or supervision resources.
Stressors confronting the individual officer
• Fears regarding job competence, individual success, and safety • Necessity to conform, inclusion of the occupational subculture. • Necessity to take a second job or to further education • Altered social status in the community due to attitude changes toward a person because he or she is an officer • The officer's life is under public scrutiny and a higher expectation of behavior often referred to as "FISH BOWL LIVING" • Work stress comes home, home stress goes to work. Family members can become targets for stress produced at work & vice versa.
Stress external to agency
• Frustration with judicial system • Lack of consideration by the courts for scheduling officer appearances • Perceived lack of public support • Negative or distorted media coverage of policing • Officers dislike of the decisions and interests of city council, county commissioners, or legislature
39.11 Describe the usage of on-scene awareness when approaching a situation involving a canine call. If canine is present: Yard with no fence:
• Give canine commands. • Underhand toss some canine treats, if only one dog. • Honk your horn to get the owners attention.
Hyper Vigilance and the Biological Rollercoaster
• Hypervigilance is the elevated alertness of surroundings required of law enforcement officers for survival. It is viewing the world from a threat-based perspective having the mindset to see the events unfolding as potentially hazardous. It is constantly considering the "what if" that is necessary for officer survival. Hypervigilance is key to officer safety. This heightened arousal is usually considered a pleasant state and is often missed when off duty. • When officers are off duty, the other side of the hypervigilant rollercoaster occurs and may experience extreme fatigue, detachment, isolation, reduction in sensory input, emotional withdrawal as well as a withdrawal from activities. This occurs with the throttling back of the Sympathetic NS and the activation of the Parasympathetic NS. • Work peers see the officer alert and energetic but the family sees their family member tired, needing to withdraw, often not talkative or engaged. This can cause problems in personal relationships. • The gradual reduction in outside interests, hobbies and relationships combined with an over focus on the importance of the job to the point where the officer's primary identity is work which can be a set up for an imbalance that is vulnerable to the ravages of stress.
Injured Canine (K-9) Handler: If any K-9 Handler becomes incapacitated or injured and is unable to handle his canine K-9 officers at the scene should:
• If possible, have the K-9 Handler call his dog. • Attempt to call K-9 to a marked patrol unit, preferably the K-9 vehicle, if possible; using the phrase the K-9 Handler would use to load his K-9. • Attempt to get another K-9 Handler to handle the K-9. If necessary, contact animal control authorities quickly to avoid the K-9 escaping or being injured.
39.7 Define the word ethology. Ethology:
• Is the scientific and objective study of animal behavior. • Experience and knowledge of dog behavior will help you predict how different dogs will respond to you. • If you understand animal behavior you will sometimes be able to guess what the animal will do next. • Knowing the signs of different behavior will help you decide how to handle the animal.
39.7 Define the word ethology. Some animals may behave oddly because they have not been socialized.
• Just like people, animals that have been abuse or neglected when they were young, may behave strangely when they are older. • These animals are sometimes called asocial, which means that they are not as friendly around people, or socialized pets.
Law enforcement Personalities and Characteristics
• Make a good safe officer but can often wreak havoc on the home front • Cynicism and distrust is the practice of always looking for what is wrong in people; the "us vs. them" mentality • Emotional control can result in the inability to emotionally engage at home. • The need for control is necessary on the job but the ability to relinquish or share control may be difficult at home • Sensation seeker/adrenaline junkie hyper vigilant off duty • Over-protectiveness of family • Over immersion in job • Sometimes people with a physical aggressive nature are drawn to the law enforcement profession which could cause over aggressiveness on and off duty
39.6 Review the requirements for an owner with a dangerous dog. Requirements for owners with dangerous dog:
• No later than the 30th day that the person learns that the person is the owner of a dangerous dog, the person SHALL; - register the dog with the animal control authority for the area in which the animal is kept.; - restrain the dangerous dog at all times on a leash in the immediate control of the person or in a secured enclosure; - obtain liability insurance coverage or show financial responsibility in the amount of at least 100,000 to cover damages resulting from an attacked from the dangerous dog causing bodily injury to a person an providing proof of the required liability insurance coverage or financial responsibility to the animal control authority for the area in which the dog is kept; - Comply with an applicable municipal or county regulation, requirement, or restriction on dangerous dogs.
Court Factors
• Officers can be held to be personally liable for using excessive force - there are factors that may be considered in determining liability • Reasonable force may be used to effect an arrest when an officer has probable cause for that arrest • The 4th Amendment limits the level of force that may be used to reasonable force • Reasonableness is based on individual facts and circumstances of the situation • The need for force will be evaluated - the feasibility or availability of alternatives are considerations • The extent of injury inflicted will be evaluated
Internal to agency
• Policies that are offensive to officers • Poor training and inadequate career development opportunities • Poor economic benefits, working conditions, equipment • Excessive paperwork • Inconsistent discipline • Perceived favoritism regarding promotions and assignments • Explore myths such as "weak people are more susceptible to stress"
Conditions that may lead children to go missing form care
• Prior life experiences of foster children often leave them especially vulnerable to the risks of the street and specifically recruiters setting them up for sexual exploitation • Once a child runs from care once, the likelihood of future runs increase greatly • Older youth and female youth are more likely to run • Children from single-parent households are also more likely to run once removed from care
39.23 Discuss additional techniques to use to survive a canine attack. If the canine gets you on the ground:
• Protect your throat and ears. Use your hands do not expose fingers, it is best to ball your hands so the animal cannot bite at your fingers. • If you have to offer something, it is recommended you use your weak hand side hand with something in it, if need be your weak side arm wrapped in a jacket to give you access to all the tools at your disposal on your belt, (ASP, OC spray, etc., anything available).
Goals of Public Service:
• Provide protection and service. • Minimize cultural/emotional barriers separating peace officers and the public. • Create an officer/citizen relationship that supports the best interests of society. • Create empathetic response to citizen concerns/needs.
39.11 Describe the usage of on-scene awareness when approaching a situation involving a canine call. Check for presence of canine: If yard is fenced
• Rattle gate. • Call for canine. • Whistle. • Knock on the side of the house if reachable.
1. Avoid (Three basic approaches to stress management)
• Reducing or eliminating exposure to a stressor • Avoiding or reducing exposure to biophysical stressors in the environment such as excessive noise and cigarettes • Psychic stress caused by feelings of overload and lack of control can be lessened by learning and applying effective time management techniques. For example: leaving early to avoid traffic or choosing a less busy route • Saying no, walk away, setting boundaries
Emergency Community Resources:
• Request emergency assistance (ambulance, fire dept, patrol) • Salvation Army • Battered Spouses/Children • Rape Crisis • United Way • Animal Control • City Services • Coroner/Medical Examiner & Justice of the Peace
Physical (Adapt/Accept by building resistance to stress or changing perspective)
• Rest and Relaxation allows the Parasympathetic NS to engage allowing digestion, repair, and immune response • Physical exercise "plays out" the fight or flight response to stress allowing the body and mind to return to equilibrium faster. • Nutrition is important to performance and disease prevention
Stressors in work itself
• Rigors of shift work, especially rotating shifts, which result in alterations to body rhythms and officer's personal life • Frequent exposure to life's hardships • Boredom, interrupted by the need for sudden action • Fear and dangers of the job • Constant responsibility for protecting other people • Fragmented nature of the job, which rarely allows for following a case through to conclusion • Work overload • Crisis driven & therefore unpredictable which can be hard on families because of last minute changes • Daily routine of family life can seem mundane compared to the brief periods of excitement on the job. • When our job becomes common place the excitement is gone. Cynicism, drugs, or alcohol may set in to fill the gap of the adrenaline rush once experienced.
Challenges of Reunification
• Scale of disaster • Mass Evacuation • Schools & hospitals affected • Happens during work or school day • Disaster affects large public venues or events. • Local resources spread thin • No reunification plan in place • Parents/guardian lack transportation • Age and language skills of lost children may vary
How warrant is executed
• Shall without necessary unnecessary delay take the person before the magistrate who issued the warrant • The officer executing the arrest warrant may as permitted take the person arrested before the magistrate in a county other than county of arrest (CCP 15.16)
39.23 Discuss additional techniques to use to survive a canine attack. Surviving the attack. Cease all forward movement and turn to the side, keeping arms at the sides, to appear less threatening to the dog. Never stare!
• Speak calmly to the dog in a friendly tone while scanning the surroundings for escape routes that will not bring the officer closer to the dog and for barriers that can be used for protection in case of escalation.
Recognize strategies to manage stress
• Stress is not the event itself, but your reaction to an event. An event may not always be avoidable but we can control our reaction to the event, a key to stress management. • The challenge is to make stress work for you instead of against you. To survive and manage stress you need to learn to recognize stress, accept it and channel it in positive rather than destructive ways.
39.6 Review the requirements for an owner with a dangerous dog. For purposes of this section the person learns is the owner of a dangerous dog when:
• The owner knows of an attacked described by section 822.041 (a) or (b); • The owner receives notice that a justice court, county court, or municipal court has found that the dog is a dangerous under section 822.0423; or • The animal control authority informs the owner that the dog is a dangerous dog under section 822.0421.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. Dogs are very expressive animals:
• They use body language to express when they are happy, sad, angry, excited or fearful. • Dog body language is a sophisticated system of nonverbal communication that we can learn to recognize an interpret. • Dogs use facial expressions, ear set, tail carriage and overall demeanor to signal their intention and feelings towards others.
39.17 Discuss de-escalation techniques in working with canine calls. Strategy 1:
• Turn the body to the side downward gaze, and keep hands close to the body. This technique says I'm not threat to the canine. It is the best way to handle dogs that approach in a non-threatening manner and to prevent fearful signals from escalating to warning signals and warning from escalating to bites. To the over enthusiastic animal, it does not show excitement and the dog soon loses interest.
39.11 Describe the usage of on-scene awareness when approaching a situation involving a canine call. If canine is present: Yard with fence:
• Underhand toss some canine treats, if only one dog. • Give canine commands. • Call out for owner. • Honk horn.
39.17 Discuss de-escalation techniques in working with canine calls. Strategy 3.
• Use of treats to prevent and defuse threatening canine encounters. Using a smooth underhand motion toss a handful to a dog at a distance. The food will scatter and take the dog a bit of time to collect it all. This simple technique can distracted the animal an possibly win them over. It is a effective tool and further gives us information; a dog that will not eat treats is a frightened animal. Do not use this technique when multiple dogs are present. Competitive nature will override the de-escalation that was hoped for.
39.3 Discuss the range of punishment for animal cruelty and its defense to prosecution. Cruelty to animals (42.092 Non-livestock) (f) it is an exception to the application of this section that the conduct engaged in by the actor is generally accepted and otherwise lawful:
• form of conduct occurring solely for the purpose of or in support of: - fishing, hunting, or trapping; or - wildlife management, wildfire or depredation control, or shooting preserve practices as regulated by state and federal law; or • animal husbandry or agriculture practice involving livestock animals.
Psychological (Adapt/Accept by building resistance to stress or changing perspective)
• nurture the mind and the emotions • take time away from work • focus on hobbies and outside interests • gain knowledge in a variety of areas not just the job
IA Investigation
•Each department has its own policy and procedures on Internal Affairs investigations. •During questioning you may feel compelled to answer questions due non-cooperation resulting in disciplinary actions, the information will not be admissible in court (Garrity v. New Jersey)
Listen
•Sort the real problem from the symptoms of the problem •Determine priorities you must respond to •Determine context of the event
39.11 Describe the usage of on-scene awareness when approaching a situation involving a canine call. Territory:
- This is a smaller area within the home range, and the animal usually decides to defend or flee from intruders.
Legally married: marries other than spouse, lives with person other than spouse appearing to be married (or knows that person is married) -What offense? -What penalties?
-25.01: BIGAMY -3DF 2DF= ancestors/ descendants
Engages in sexual intercourse(deviate) KNOWING is: anscestor/descendant, step child/parent (current/former), parent/bro/sister,cousins, neice/nephew (all by whole/half blood or adoption) -What offense? -What penalties?
-25.02: PROHIBITED SEXUAL CONDUCT -3DF 2DF= anscestors/descendants
With INTENT interferes with custody of child (>18) by KNOWINGLY enticing, persuading, or taking child of parent/guardian/watching child -What offense? -What penalties?
-25.04: ENTICING A CHILD -B MIS 3DF= intended to commit felony of child
If the persons in custody request an attorney, the interrogations must cease until an attorney is present or, alternatively, until there is at least a _________day break in Miranda custody
14 day
Days allowed for warrant to run CCP 18.07
15 Days - DNA 10 Whole Days - if the warrant is issued under section 5A which is telecommunications, etc. Three Whole Days - for a regular warrant to be served.
What is the period allowed to execute a search warrant that allows for the search/ seizure of DNA
15 days
The Treatment Advocacy Center in Washington, D.C., reports that the risk of being killed when approached or stopped by LE in the community is ______ times higher for individuals with untreated serious mental illness that for other civilians.
16
In 2014, there were ___ million victims of ID crime; costing over ___ billion in loses and ___ million were affected
17 million $50 billion 100 million
Federal law for ID crimes are found:
18 USC-- Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act
Minimum age required for a Jailer
18 years old.
How long does the officer have to return a search warrant after its execution?
3 days
Borderline Personality Disorder means someone is almost experiencing mental illness, but not quite.
False
Stigma or labelling never causes people to refuse treatment, or feel isolated and embarrassed.
False
T/F The officer needs to have the warrant of arrest on him at the time of the execution of such warrant.
False. BUT upon request he shall provide it as soon as possible.
___________ and ____________ is also a primary concern for individuals with mental illness. These substances can have an adverse effect when used in combination with prescribe medications, and or when used to self medicate
Illegal drug and alcohol usage
It is estimated that 14,000 to 17,500 people are trafficked in to the United States annually, because of ______________ profits and poor ____________ enforcement ____________.
Illegal, Border, Regulations
Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia, including Traumatic Brain Injury are considered:
Cognitive Disorders
Many times the trafficker _____________ the victim in some way.
Knows
According to the Family Code, a protective order is effective for the period stated in the order, _____________________.
not to exceed 2 years
When an officer transports someone due to mental health concerns he/she must file a
notification of detention with the receiving facility
*driving Types and Tactics
offensive driving defensive driving transition from defensive to offensive normal patrol driving pursuit driving pursuit starts as soon as you turn on the reds and blues
22% of line of duty deaths by dispatch call types are:
domestic dispute
hand over hand steering*
people use most
is an adverse judgement or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge of or examination of facts
Prejudice
racial, ethnic, gender,national orgin, political affiliation are forms and targets of what?
Prejudice
An 'I' statement gives the speaker responsibility for their part of the interaction, helps build rapport, and eases communication.
True
Asperger's syndrome is one part of the Autism Spectrum
True
T/F Denial of Bail after multiple Felonies requires a hearing and upon evidence SUBSTANTIALLY showing guilt.
True
T/F Except for capital felony, a defendant may waive ANY rights secured to him by law during a criminal prosecution against him
True
T/F Statutory forms as L1 and F5 are considered governmental forms and are subject to disciplinary and criminal action if there are any false statements made on the document.
True
T/F TX Constitution says that all political power is inherent by the people.
True
T/F The officer receiving the property shall retain it until ordered to release by a magistrate
True
T/F Validity of US public debt shall NOT be questioned.
True
There are multiple free phone applications that provide assistance and support for people that are experiencing a variety of mental health related problems.
True
True or False? PTSD is defined in terms of trauma itself and the person's response to the trauma
True
putrefaction
the process of decay or rotting in a body or other organic matter
Perception of message:
- 7% of the time a message is received due to content - 33% of the time a message is received due to voice - 60% of the time a message is received due to non-verbals (body language)
39.12 Describe the utilization of common tools carried by law enforcement in the non-lethal control of canine. Tools: Distraction tool
- A distraction tool is a moving object kept between the officer and the canine. This will be used if the canine is continually moving closer as the officer is backing away. - An ASP, baton or flashlight can be used as a distraction tool, keeping it between the officer and canine. - Continually move the tool in front of the animal to take their attention off the officer.
39.19 Examine the use of force continuum principal. Continually moving target: Officers actions:
- Always present a continuously moving object, a straight baton, ASP, flashlight, clipboard, something you pick up, etc.
39.13 Identify tools of opportunity (items found at the scene) Electronic tools: (taser)
- Because of a canine size, it is hard to use a Taser at the extended ranges. - Since canines body is horizontal, when deploying a taser it should be tilted to the side so the probes will spread sideways. - Use the taser when you are unable to use deadly force due to surroundings and potential for hitting by standard.
39.1 Define terms on the Penal Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. Deadly Force:
- means force that is intended or known by the actor to cause, or in the manner of its use or intended use is, capable of causing, death or serious bodily injury.
39.1 Define terms on the Penal Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. Civil remedies unaffected:
- the fact that conduct is justified under this chapter does not abolish or impair any remedy for the conduct that is available in a civil suit.
According to the Code of Criminal Procedure, a magistrate may extend the detention period on a person who is arrested in the prevention of family violence by a period not to exceed ____________. (Art. 17.291) (2)
48 hours
TX Constitution on Equal Rights
All fee men of society have equal rights. -No man is entitled to exclusive separate public emoluments or privileges BUT in consideration of pubic services.
21
All law enforcement agencies are required to report cases of missing children under the age of ____ reported to their agency to NCIC
In addition to a higher risk of suffering severe mental illness, homeless individuals are at higher risk for:
All of the above
Which one of the answers below is NOT one of the Five Universal Truths of Human Interaction
All people can be real jerks sometimes.
TX Constitution on Bail
All prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, UNLESS for capital offenses when proof is EVIDENT.
In 1921 the us League of Nations began initiatives protecting not only white women alone but, ____________.
All women
a way of thinking and acting based on tradition
Culture
"_________________" has 3 phases which are Tension, Explosion, and Honeymoon.
Cycle of violence
Your written communication may serve as a source document for?
judicial and administrative proceeding.
9.44 Use of Device to protect property
justifications under 9.41 & 9.43 applies to the use of a device to protect land or tangible, moveable property if: device is not designed to cause death or sbi and device is reasonable
9.32 Defense of Force in defense of person
justified if deadly force is immediately necessary to protect
9.42 Deadly Force to Protect Property
must meet 9.41 first, have the right to defend your property, more leeway at nighttime - more unknown elements
moral injury
acts that go against our belief systems; the damage done to one's conscience when the person perpetrates, witnesses, or fails to prevent acts that violate that person's morals, ethics, or codes of conduct
sexual assault
any intentional sexual attack against another person
Cover
any material that can stop a bullet (protection)
mobs may occur .....
anywhere and for any reason.
the right to be free implies the right to be___
different
tactical transparency
explaining an action before initiating it; its purpose is to provide the subject with a clearer interpretation of your behavior and to convey mutual interest in assuring safety
ID crime is used as a ______ for other criminal activities such as mail theft/fraud, drugs, organized crime, financial fraud, weapons trafficking, homicide, terrorism, etc.
facilitator
cross over steering*
good for quick maneuvers; great reaction maneuver, but a 45 degree turn is the maximum turn using this technique. NOT the best technique for high speed driving
Mounted patrol
good public relations, better mobility in crowded areas, visibility increases
Complaintant
person requesting an investigation or that action is taken. Is often the victim of a crime
Warrant must describe:
person/place/things to be searched or seized
The categories of drugs are based on the ___________________ in the body to the drugs, not necessarily the behavioral or psychiatric changes that the may elicit.
physiological reactions
CCP 6.06
places a civic duty on peace officers to prevent injury to people and property by using only force necessary to prevent commission of offenses and no greater.
Motorcycle patrol
quick response, flexibility to large area, escorts, traffic enforcement
Rear guard
rear security, point man on egress.
One officer with one person (Interviewing techniques)
Field interview position. The "gun hand" should remain free. Maintain overall observation. Be aware of surroundings
The sale of human beings became an economic enterprise in ____________ century.
Fifteenth
Texas is _____ in the nation in the number of instances of ID crime reported to the FTC.
Fifth
An agency chief administrator may require a _____ _____ _____ _____upon identifying factors that indicate an appointee may no longer be able to perform job-related functions safely and effectively.
Fit for Duty Review
Definition of Delusion:
Fixed false believes that are maintained despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary
39.20 list what should be done if deadly force must be used.
Follow all agency protocol for discharging a weapon.
Explosive
Generally a material that burns or decomposes quickly releasing a large amount of heat and gas in short time resulting in a shock wave
"________________________" means a system that electronically determines and reports the location of an individual through the use of a transmitter or similar device carried or worn by the individual that transmits latitude and longitude data to a monitoring entity through global positioning satellite technology. The term does not include a system that contains or operates global positioning system technology, radio frequency identification technology, or any other similar technology that is implanted in or otherwise invades or violates the individual's body.
Global positioning monitoring system
Two-officer patrol
Greater safety factor. Training aid. Can share driving duties. Two pairs of eyes are better than one. One can operate the radio while the other drives.
Provides protection for the place of business; and to a lesser degree the victim.
Enforcer
Steagald v. US
Entry may be forced for arrest warrant only when the warrant is being executed at the residence where the person named in the arrest warrant lives. (Not a friend's house)
Which is not one of the 4 prominent categories of mental illness?
Neuromuscular Disorder
Protection of Persons
self-defense - PC 9.31 Deadly force in defense of person - PC 9.32 defense of third person - PC 9.33 protection of life or health - PC 9.34
Persons with Autism suffer from ___________________ that keep them from effectively filtering and blocking painful sensations.
sensory disorders
Speed affects turning because:
Turning radius increases as speed increases and decreases as speed is reduced Traction limits may be exceeded as speed increases Weight transfer increases as speed increases
Individuals w/ ASD have _______ the mortality risk than the general population. This includes ________ disorder. Approximately ______ percent w/ ASD do not speak
Twice, Aspergers, 40
Run-on Sentences
Two or more sentences written as one results in a run-on sentence.
Physical and sexual assaults, or threats to commit them, are ________________________ of family violence and are usually the actions that allow others to become aware of the problem.
the most apparent forms
Strip search
the most effective for outside searches. stakes and lines are useful in setting up lanes. natural landmarkers may be used as borders
Low risk
traffic infraction, daytime conditions, etc.
Most frequent factors contributing to LE Collisions
unsafe speed for conditions right of way violations left hand turns backing parking
PTSD intrusive symptoms
unwanted dreams feeling event is occurring in the present intense distress at reminder of trauma avoidance
Once a magistrate, an appropriate court of jurisdiction, signs a protective order it is both civilly, and in some respects, criminally enforceable and valid for ________________.
up to 2 years
There is NO "______________" and NO "typical suspect". Victims of family violence come from all walks of life, varying age groups, occupations, backgrounds, education levels, economics, cultures, ethnicities, religions and lifestyles.
Typical victim
Habeas Corpus
USC: Privilege of writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended UNLESS when in cases of rebellion or invasion of the public safety may require it. TXC: Writ of habeas corpus is a writ of right and shall NEVER be suspended. Legislature shall render the remedy speedy and effectual.
Proof of the mental need for training:*
1) Mental need for driving. (Mental ruts aren't bad, i.e. key in ignition etc.) 2) Create good mental ruts, in order to have good driving skills.
When person is arrested in county other than the one that issued the warrant, he must be released on personal bond within ____ days if not demanded by the county that issued warrant
11 days
-What is the average age of a runaway child? -What fraction of youth runaway arrests come from foster care?
11 yo (Old enough to develope running away as coping strategy) -2/3
During the first 7 months of 2003, _____ were victimized
131,000
-What percentage of children with ASD attempt to elope from safe environment? -What fraction of ASD children who wander are rarely able to communicate their name/address/ph number
48% <1/3
Estate of Ceballos v. Bridgewater, Porras and Mull
5th Circuit court appeals; "an officer cannot use deadly force without an immediate threat to himself or others"
Texas is in which circuit court
5th, located in New Orleans, LA
Order denying bail is issued within ____ calendar days subsequent to time of____ of accused.
7 calendar days, subsequent to time of incarceration of accused.
When a licensee is separated from an agency, the agency has _____ day(s) to serve the licensee with a termination report.
7 days
If trends continue, by the end of 2003 those victimized will have increased almost ___%
700%
Peace officer who seizes property , no later than ____ hrs must:
72 HRS MUST: Place property under seal OR Remove property to place ordered by court OR Require law enforcement agency to take custody of property and move it to proper location.
How long can you keep a person in the jail of a different county specified in the warrant before having to transfer to the county that issued the warrant?
72 hrs
Requirements to qualify for an advanced PO proficiency certificate:
800 Hrs. and 12 yrs as PO (Normally)
T/F Persons in custody prior to interrogation must not be informed by peace officers that they have the right to remain silent and that anything they say can and will be used against them in court.
False
The authority for an Emergency Detention order (also called a Police Officer Emergency Comittment) comes from the Penal Code.
False
There are numerous 'one-size-fits-all' treatments for mental illness that are inexpensive and easy to access.
False
True or False? Approximately 4%-13% of mental illness people are perpetrators of crime
False
True or false: headlights increase visibility of emergency lights to motorist and pedestrians ahead of you.
False
_____________ trafficking occurs when people are used to work in restaurants, construction, janitors, maids to panhandling for money.
Labor
Because human trafficking can involve networks that vary in size and sophistication as well as exists in many parts of the world authorities often _________________ to investigate it.
Lack the resources
T/F A record of the communication between the arrested person and the magistrate SHALL be made.
True
T/F Any peace officer or private person can arrest without warrant and bring in front of magistrate an offender who upon reasonable information that he is accused in any state of an offense punishable by death or imprisonment exceeding one year.
True
T/F Commonly understood meaning of proceeds prevails.
True
T/F Contraband warrant must show in affidavit the specific felony offense committed and the described property must comply with definition of contraband.
True
T/F Defendants may try suppression of evidence in criminal cases BUT courts SHOULD NOT grant
True
T/F Once persons in custody indicate their right to remain silent, interrogations must cease.
True
T/F US Constitution states that no bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.
True
T/F Warrants of arrest extend to ANY part of the state when issued by any county, district clerk, or magistrate( except mayors)
True
T/F When a warrant of arrest is issued by any mayor of a city or a town, it cannot be executed in another county other than the one in which it issues.
True
No ________ ___________ defense from criminal violations
good faith
Wide or High*
taking a line of travel through a turn that does not come as close to the apex as possible, or that does not come near the inside of the roadway.
Salvage switch
the altering of a vehicles identity by placing the serial number of a total loss car onto a stolen car. When the serial plate of the stolen var is removed and replaced with the serial plate of a wrecked vehicle
In the U.S., _____ of officers are killed with their own weapon.
10-15%
Can you interview children?
Not if they are the direct victim. If they are a witness you can. But for TCOLE. NO
provides a source of egotistic satisfaction, through comparing others with oneself
Ethnocentrism
39.13 Identify tools of opportunity (items found at the scene) Impact tool:
- Any of the distraction tools can be used as an impact tool, but caution must be taken where to strike the canine. The use of these tools can result in a deadly force action. • Minimum trauma level: except for the head, neck, and spine most of the canine's body may be struck. The injuries tend to be temporary, although exceptions can occur. • Moderate to serious level: Chest, rib area, groin, and leg joints. Injuries tend to be more long lasting. • Serious trauma level: Highest level of serous trauma. The head, neck, and spine injuries range from serious to long lasting rather than temporary. May include unconsciousness to serious bodily injury.
39.2 List examples of animal offenses per the Texas Penal Code. Cruelty to animals (42.092- Non-Livestock)
(b) A person commits an offense if the person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly: • tortures an animal or in a cruel manner causes serious bodily injury to an animal; • without the owners effective consent kills, administers poison to, or causes serious bodily injury to an animal; • fails unreasonably to provide necessary food, water, care, or shelter for an animal in the persons custody; • abandons unreasonably an animal in the persons custody; • transports or confines an animal in a cruel manner; • without the owners effective consent causes bodily injury to an animal; • causes one animal to fight with another animal, if either animal is not a dog; • uses a live animal as lure in dog race training or dog coursing on a racetrack; or • seriously overworks an animal.
What are some ways a peace officer can apply principles of impartiality?
- Base enforcement action on the nature of the situation and the severity of the offense. - Participate in the process of charging and testifying in ways that do not favor one group over another. - Communicate by word and action to the public and to other CJ personnel that they are all equally subject to the law and will not be given preferential treatment.
39.3 Discuss the range of punishment for animal cruelty and its defense to prosecution. Cruelty to animals (42.092 Non-livestock) (c) An offense under subsections b3,4,5,6 or 9 is a Class A misdemeanor,
- except that the offense is a state jail felony if the person has previously been convicted 2 times under this section, 2 times under section 42.09, or one time under this section and one time under section 42.09. - an offense under subsections b1,2,7 and 8 is a state jail felony, except that the offense is a felony of the 3rd degree if the person has been convicted 2 times under this section, 2 times under section 42.09 or one time under this section and one time under section 42.09.
39.1 Define terms on the Penal Code concerning laws pertaining to animals. Cruel manner:
- includes a manner that causes or permits unjustified or unwarranted pain or suffering.
Consequences of Effective Public Service:
-Increased trust and respect. -Increased budget support. -Less citizen complaint.s
Aggravated Sexual Assault
A person commits an offense if with intent or knowingly causes serious bodily injury or attempts to cause death of a another while commuting a sex act
Trespass on school grounds
An unauthorized person who trespasses on the grounds of any school district of this state commits an offense. An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.
Steps of the Critical Decision-Making Model
Collect information (ask yourself, ask others)
Being sad, bitter, depressed, or bullying are signs of:
Emotional reactions
Recruitment of potential victims is typically deceptive in nature; promising people a better life. Often times promising ______________.
Legitimate employment
intrusive symptoms
an internal thought or feeling not outwardly obvious
Aggressive crowd
assemble purpose, positive leadership, move toward objective, high emotional tension.
Cohesive crowd
assembles for common purpose without leadership, sporting events, along parade, behave.
The assessment of a traffic stop can .....
change anytime.
Pre-arrest Diversions
diverting someone from the criminal justice system; no arrest and guiding them toward a different form of intervention
I statements
do not imply blame; give the speaker responsibility; helps build rapport; eases communication
Canton v. Harris
failure to properly train affects rights of people
centrifugal force*
is a fleeing force that pulls the vehicle to the OUTSIDE of a turn. These forces have to be equal to be efficient in making a turn.
Grooming
is a method of building trust with a child and adults around the child in an effort to gain access to and time alone with her/him
The National Incident management system (NIMS)
is a systematic, proactive approach to guide departments and agencies at all levels of government, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector to work together seamlessly and manage incidents involving all threats and hazards regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity.
Corpus delicti
literally means the body or substance of the crime
The CIT impact on community relations has increased _________________ and _____________________ in LE among people suffering from mental illness, their families, and the community at large.
public trust; confidence
Nonstandard Abbreviations
should be avoided if used they must first be preceded by the full word. Ex Texas Commission on Law Enforcement (TCLEOSE)
Observing- the better an officer observes things, the better the officer can describe them. What are the 5 senses?
sight,hearing,touch,taste, and smell
Impulsive and lawless people
similar behavior they exhibit in daily life, short tempered, hot headed, always spoiling for a fight, may start riot or incite other to violence, ignorant, bigoted, low social status, will wait for the cloak of anonymity
Evaluate physical characteristics of area to be searched
size, landscape, density, indoors, outdoors -consider the size and type of area to be searched -consider the personnel and equipment necessary and available -consider the degree of thoroughness required depending on the following: relevant case circumstances physical evidence sought purpose of the search
Unless it is being quoted for a purpose (ex a statement made by a suspect) do not use
slang and jargon
*NAPD*Inertia
the force that resists change of direction and force that tries to keep a moving body in a straight line.
The problem law enforcement has faced pertaining to mental health had to be addressed because of
the increasing frequency LE is being called upon to respond to mentally ill people and the old ways of managing conflict had to with assuming these people being criminal in nature
9.52 Prevention of Escape from Custody
use of force to prevent escape of arrested person from custody or correctional facility
Acquaintance
Children are much more likely to be abducted by an _________________ of the child or family than a complete stranger.
Forfeiture proceeding is a ____ proceeding with service of ____ citation upon parties
Civil, civil.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. The mouth: A dog who is frighten or feeling submissive probably has its mouth closed.
- His lips might be pulled back slightly at the corners. - He might flick his tongue in an out, or he might lick if he's interacting with a person or another animal.
39.21 Other methods for handling a canine. Other techniques. Caring for inured canine. Moving injured dog
- After muzzling the dog, lay a large towel or blanket next to the animal - You may need some help to slide the animal on the blanket. - The improvised stretcher can be picked up by the corners. - Try to use a towel or blanket large enough that when the edges are brought together the dogs head will be inside the folds.
39.5 Identify factors that determine if a dog is considered dangerous. Section 822.0421 Determination that dog is dangerous:
- If a person reports an incident described by section 822.041 (2), the animal control authority MAY investigate the incident. If after receiving the sworn statement of any witness, the animal control authority determines the animal is a dangerous dog, it SHALL notify the owner of the fact. - An owner, not later than the 15th day after the date the owner is notified that the dog owned by the owner is a dangerous dog, may appeal the determination of the animal control authority to a justice, county, or municipal court competent jurisdiction. An owner may appeal the decision of the justice, county, or municipal court in the same manner as appeal for other cases from justice, county, or municipal court.
39.19 Examine the use of force continuum principal. Continually moving target: Canines actions:
- Lunging forward to attack - Charges you without slowing down - Might be barking or not
39.15 Identify canine conflict avoidance techniques. Dogs are extremely adapt at reading human body language. They can quickly read human behavior that portrays safety as well as threatening. Dogs in turn respond to these human behaviors by communicating with their own body postures, facial expressions, and vocalization.
- When approaching a dog the officer should subtly gaze at its body stance to get an overall impression of the dogs state of mind. - However never stare at a dogs face. This eye contact can create a challenge.
39.23 Discuss additional techniques to use to survive a canine attack. Surviving the attack. The use of force continuum as it relates to animals:
- physical presence, verbal commands, mechanical repellants (baton, bite stick) improvise dog repellants, chemical repellants electronic repellents (stun gun, taser) physical capture, and deadly force. - Allow a dog owner or animal control officer, whenever the owner or an animal control officer is present and it is feasible, the reasonable opportunity to control or remove a dog from the immediate area in order to permit a law enforcement officer to discharge his or her duties.
What are the advantages of wearing a seatbelt?
- reduced chance of injury or death if involved in collision- better vehicle control- compliance w/ applicable statutes and/or policy- proper placement helps spread the stopping force widely across the body
3 traction forces*
1) DRIVING 2) BRAKING 3) TURNING
Mental Health Courts are:
A diversion from the traditional court system for those meeting certain criteria
The State of Texas defines "insanity" in the Penal Code, section 8.01, as "An affirmative defense to prosecution, that at the time of the conduct charged, the actor, as a result of severe mental disease or defect, did not know that his conduct was wrong."
A) True* B) False
The majority of individuals with mental illness live productive lives, but some individuals suffer severe mental illness with means severe impairments and limits in one or more life activities (financial, occupational, social).
A) True* B) False
Owner
A person who claims an equitable or legal ownership interest in property
Disadvantages of immediate action
Arriving officers receive minimum information regarding description, actions, weapons or environment. Specialized weapons and ballistic protection may have to be left behind. Heavy radio traffic. There is minimal time for planning. If homicides have already occurred then it's confronting a no win situation.
A performance task that might help an officer determine if someone has an intellectual disability is:
Ask them to read or write a simple statement
Funeral Disruption
Cannot picket w/in 1000 feet of a funeral 3 hours before or after - Class B MISD
Other possible Information for field notes.
Contact Info Case # Assisting officer activity Location and chain of evidence/custody Type of Incident
By using a less physical, less authoritative, less confrontational, less controlling approach you end up having more control and authority over a person in a mental health crisis
Control Paradox
4 stages of arrest
Control. Handcuff. Search. Transport.
Other animals in the state of Texas.
During your daily duties you may come across other types of animals. If you are not trained or comfortable around such animals, you should contact your local animal control services to assist you in the proper handling of these animals.
Elements of shift orientation (briefing)
Duty assignment. Related circumstances (warrants, current stolen property/vehicle lists, hazardous situations, special events)
is the act of regarding one's culture as the "center of the universe" and hence as the basis for all comparisons with other cultures
Ethnocentrism
Step One
Greeting and identification of the police agency
1,000,000
Nearly ___________ people make a suicide attempt every year.
What is an F5?
Separation of licensee form.
Who can ONLY waive legislatively mandated training due to mitigating circumstances?
The TCOLE Executive Director.
39.6 Review the requirements for an owner with a dangerous dog. The owner SHALL pay any cost or fee assessed by the municipality or county related to the seizure, acceptance, impoundment, or destruction of the dog.
The governing body of the municipality or county MAY prescribe the fees.
5
To be diagnosed with a mental condition, the DSM-5172F requires elements beyond sexual interest alone. Futhermore, the DSM-5 excludes certain situations from the definition of pedophilic disorder. A person who is younger than 16 years old or within ___ years in age of the child or children would not meet the definition for pedophilic disorder
Goals of public service
To provide protection and service. To minimize cultural/emotional barriers. To create officer/citizen relationships that supports interests of society. To create empathetic response to needs.
Dispersing riot CCP 8.04
Whenever there are enough people together constituting a riot, it is the duty of every magistrate or peace officer to cause such persons to disperse by commanding them or arresting the engaged, with or without warrant.
Orange Awareness
Your senses have alerted you to something happening (recognize, formulate, prepare)
Thrownaway
Youth can also end up on the street when their caregivers throw them out of their home, do not make adequate arrangements for their car, or fail to allow them entry into their home
Officer should consider the following factors when assessing the level of force that is reasonable under the circumstances:
a. suspect resisting or submitting? b. is the suspect armed? c. nature of the crime? d. previous arrest record or history showing a pattern of violence? e. number of suspects? f. how much support from other officers?
Describing __________ is the most difficult.
people
Many family violence abusers, they _______________ his behavior should have negative consequences or they present a different face at home than at work.
do not believe
Self-defense applies when:
someone forcefully enters your location (home, vehicle, work, etc); someone tries to remove you from where you are (ex. kidnapping)
In order to use a POEC (warrantless apprehension) the person must have a mental illness AND because of the illness there is
substantial risk of serious harm to the person or others
Tendency for mob member behaviors
suggestion, imitation, primitiveness, sympathy, circular reaction, social facility.
More officer die by _____________ than being killed in the line of duty.
suicide
________________ is the second leading cause of death among 15-24 year olds.
suicide
vehicle control*
the operation of a motor vehicle within the physical limitations of both the vehicle and the driver.
chain of custody
the process in which records transactions of evidence from person to person since its acquisition by a law enforcement agency maintains exactly what happened to evidence from the time it was found until it is disposed of after being presented in court
A Police Officer Emergency Commitment or Detention (POEC) is also called a
warrantless apprehension
Three prong test - reasonable objectivity OBJECTIVE REASONABLE STANDARD
what is the severity of the crime that is believed to be committed? Imminent threat? was the suspect actively resisted or attempting to escape?
A police officer may operate an authorized emergency vehicle for a law enforcement purpose WITHOUT using audio/visual signals if what?
when responding to emergency or pursuing a suspect, the officer has probable cause that: 1. knowledge of their presence will cause suspect to:-destroy/lose evidence of a felony- end a suspected continuing felony before officer has obtained evidence for an arrest.- evade apprehension or identification of them or vehicle. or 2. due to traffic conditions, increased potential for collision exists or unreasonably extend the duration of the pursuit.Note, officer must comply with written regulations adopted by the local gov't or their department that employs them.
Verbal communications
words - tone #2; language(least noticed); body language (picked up on the most)
Interviewing subject(s):
· ONE OFFICER o observe all of the subject's actions o gun side away from subject o non-restricted physical position to allow movement o hands free of unnecessary items · TWO OFFICERS o same as one officer o V position o one officer in command
Factors influencing discretionary authority:
· Officer discretion in arrest/non-arrest situation · Ascertained likelihood of behavioral disorders · CCP Sec. 14.06(b)
39.11 Describe the usage of on-scene awareness when approaching a situation involving a canine call. If canine is present:
• If the owner is present ask the owner to secure the canine. • If the owner is not present: - Have dispatch attempt to contact owner. - Use a distraction tool. - If there is enough time contact Animal Control directly, or ask dispatch to send an Animal Control Officer.
Myth
• Once an alcoholic, always an alcoholic • Alcohol helps to sleep • Alcoholism is caused by a lack of willpower, immorality, weak character, or police stress • All alcoholics are skid-row drunks. • If an alcoholic can stop drinking, he or she doesn't have a problem. • Alcoholics drink every day
Citizen "Police Academies"
Selection of community leaders and general representation of the community.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. Overall posture: An angry aggressive dog also makes himself appear larger than life to be as intimidating as possible.
- If a dog is aggressive he will look very similar to an assertive, alert or aroused dog, but his posture will be accompanied by aggressive threats. - Typically his weight will be centered over his front legs so that he can lunge or charge forward rapidly. • Note: Your behavior when encountering a dog will also have a big effect on the outcome of the encounter. Officers should always watch their body language as well as the dog.
39.8 Described how at least two of a dogs body parts are used in communication. Overall posture: A submissive dog looks similar to a frightened dog because he makes himself look small to convey that he is not a threat.
- If a dog is submissive he will lower his body or even coward to the ground. - His head might be raised though, if he is greeting a person or another animal. - Lying down or presenting his belly is another way a dog may communicate their submission.
39.19 Examine the use of force continuum principal. Strike or impact weapon: Canines actions:
- The overwhelming majority of dog bites are minor. - When a bite has occur and the dog continues to bite(rather then biting an immediately retreating), or a bite clearly cannot otherwise be avoided and the dog is large enough to inflict significant injury, defensive options may be needed. - Bites and grips clothing of body - Bites then circles or stands ground - Prior history of the canine biting.
39.11 Describe the usage of on-scene awareness when approaching a situation involving a canine call. Personal space:
- The personal space is approximately 0 to 4 feet. This is the smallest are, and the area nearest the animal. When you approach an animal in their personal space, they will usually fight or submit. - This space can very depending on the size of the dog.
Consequences of Ineffective Public Service:
-Lack of trust and respect. -Reduced budget support. -Increased citizen complaints.
-What does NCMEC stand for? -What does CART stand for?
-NATIONAL CENTER FOR MISSING AND EXPLOTED CHILDREN -CHILD ABDUCTION RESPONSE TEAM
What are needs that are common to all people?
-Social needs -Health -Employment -Shelter -Food -Positive self-image
What is the estimated amount of vhildren sexually abused by 18 in the U.S.?
1 in 10
Reasons to train officers to drive:*
1) develop skill for officer safety 2) Liability- the dept shifts their liability to you, because they have given you this training.
Assault PC 22.01
1) intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another, including the person's spouse; (2) threatens another with imminent bodily injury, including the person's spouse; or (3) causes physical contact with another when the person knows or should reasonably believe that the other will regard the contact as offensive or provocative.
10 Rules of Pursuit
1) make full use of all emergency equipment2) keep a safe distance from the pursued vehicle 3) if you must brake from high speed, do not lock the wheels. Use threshold braking. 4) scan every intersection before you enter it. 5) pass other vehicles only when it is safe and can be done efficiently. 6) never block the road with your vehicle. 7) never pull alongside the pursued vehicle. 8) never discharge a firearm from or at a moving vehicle 9) do not join in a parade of police vehicles involved in a pursuit, just to get involved. 10) do not force the vehicle being pursued off the road or ram it.
When to call off a pursuit:*
1) when the risk is no longer worth it 2) when innocent people are exposed to danger 3) when the speeds are getting beyond the limit of you or your vehicle. 4) when the weather conditions hinder the effective use of your vehicle 5) when your EGO gets involved 6) if you suspect your vehicle has a mechanical problem
Elements of Shift Orientation
1. Duty Assignment 2. Related circumstances (basically a verbal briefing of the happenings from the previous shifts and things to be aware of)
What are the 7 sections of the Abuse of Children Wheel?
1. INTIMIDATION 2.USING INSTITUTIONS 3. ISOLATION 4. EMOTIONAL ABUSE 5. ECONOMIC ABUSE 6. THREATS 7. USING ADULT PRIVILEGE
ART 63.013 INFORMATION TO CLEARINGHOUSE -What 2 things shall LE agencies provide to missing children/persons info clearinghouse? ART 63.0016: -Attempted child abduction does not include..?
1. Info that would assist in location/ID of missing child whose been reported 2. Info regarding attempted child abduction to clearing house -Abduction by actor being a relative
Rules for affixing amount on of bail
1. Must be sufficiently high to give assurance that person will come back to court. 2. Power to require bail must not be used as instrument for oppresion. 3. Nature of offense and circumstances surrounding offense must be considered. 4. Ability to make bail must be regarded, and proof may be taken upon this point. 5. The future safety of a victim and the alleged offense must be considered.
Steps to take if ID crime occurs:
1. Notify the police 2. Notify creditors and merchants 3. Notify banks 4. Check your credit score 5. Check with the Social Security Admin
Issues regarding pre-seizure planning:
1. Ownership Problem: Community vs Separate Property. 2. Business: Leases of real property and Liens against inventory. 3. Equity over mortgage. 4. Risk/liabilities/costs 5. Rented an owner's consent to criminal activity. 6. Bank Accounts: Identify account numbers, monitor account to find best time to seize, know whether it is collateral for a loan.
A suspended license remains suspended unitl:
1. The term of suspension has expired and court order community supervision has been completed. 2. A written request for reinstatement has been received by the licensee and accepted by the commission. 3. The remainder of the suspension is probated and the licensee is reinstated.
Seizure of property subject to forfeiture WITHOUT warrant:
1. Through consent from the owner, operator, or agent in charge of the property. OR 2. Seizure is incident to consensual search. OR 3. Property has been subject to prior judgement in forfeiture proceeding OR 4. Seizure is incident to lawful arrest.
What are the three basic objectives of a pre-shift vehicle safety inspection?
1. prevent traffic collisions due to faulty equipment 2. maintain operational efficiency of the vehicle.3. provide a sense of confidence in the vehicle.
Force options
1. professional presence 2. verbal communications 3. Weaponless Strategies 4. Weapon Strategies 5. Deadly force
Steps for responding to crowd control situations
1.) Officer safety first 2.) Protection of life 3.) Protection of property 4.) Request of any assistance from other officers or agencies 5.) EMS/ Fire Department if needed
The "average" healthy, sober person has a perception/reaction time of about ____ seconds.*
1.6
People with mental illness are _______ times more likely to be victims of violent crime than the general population.
10
Police officers are _______ more likely to have a collision than the average citizen.
10 times
Federal Civil Rights complaints are investigated by the FBI
10,000-12,000 complaints a year, while only 75-100 presented to the grand jury
There are ____ 24 month periods in a training cycle.
2
-Data from National Center for Missing and Exploited Children over 5 years most popular child porn images included what percent and what type? -How many victims of child porn when prepubescent? during infancy?
84% oral 76% anal/vaginally 52% foreign object 44% bondage/sadomasochism 20% urination/ defecation 4% bestality -3 in 4 prepubescent; 10% infancy
Legislature may provide for temporary commitment, observation and/or treatment of mentally ill persons NOT criminally charged, for no more than _____ days trough ___ ____ order without necessity of ____ _____ ____.
90 days. County court order. Trial by jury.
Basic Rule (VCCR Article 36)
A foreign detainee must be informed of his right to have his consulate notified. Arrestees decision should be documented. Applies to all foreign detainees, whether in the country illegally or not.
Kidnapping
A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly abducts another person
This training is important because mental health calls for service are frequent. Which of the following statements is true about crisis calls?
A) No less than 1 in 10 calls for police service involve individuals with mental illness.* B) Mental health calls rarely occur in most jurisdictions. C) EMS should handle all mental health calls. D) Mental health crises are only a problem for social workers.
Mental Illness can impact a person's
A) thinking B) feeling or mood C) ability to relate to others D) all of the above *
Crisis Intervention Training was designed so that law enforcement officers can:
A) understand mental illness. B) learn successful techniques and tactics for responding to those experiencing crisis. C) learn new skills to manage conflict. D) all of the above *
15
According to NCMEC what is the average age on sextortion reports?
Acquittal a Bar
An acquittal of the defendant exempts him from a second trial or a second prosecution for the same offense, however irregular the proceedings may have been; BUT if the defendant was acquitted upon trial in a court having NO JURISDICTION OVER OFFENSE, he MAY be prosecuted AGAIN in a court having JURISDICTION.
Aggressive Mob
An aggressive mob riots and terrorizes as in the case of race riots, lynching, political riots, or prison riots.
Ethical presense
An expression of self-control. Use words to state purpose, not to express personal feelings. Maintain professional attitude. Anything perceived as hasty, irrational, or unfair, makes an officer seem unethical.
Definition of Psychosis:
An illness involving a distortion of reality that may be accompanied by delusions and or hallucinations
"Innocent" owner defense (Non-Consensual):
An owner or interest holder's interest in property may not be forfeited if he proves by a preponderance of the evidence that he was not a party to the offense giving rise to the forfeiture and that the contraband: -Was stolen from him before being used in the commission of the offense OR -Was purchased with money stolen from him or proceeds from sale of property stolen from him OR -Was used or intended to be used without his consent in the commission of the offense.
Grounds for Issuance of Search Warrant
Any Evidence of a Criminal Crime including a person
Crime of Violence
Any criminal offense defined in the Penal Code or in a Federal Criminal Law that results in a personal injry to a victim.
Steps in the arrest of a foreign national
Ask the detainee if they are a U.S. citizen. Check the list of mandatory notification countries, if required, do so without delay (most allow a maximum of 72 hours). If not on the list, ask if they wish for their consulate to be notified. Keep a written record of the detainees response. Document your notification (date, time, method of notification, and the person notified)
One officer with two or more persons (Interviewing techniques)
Assume position and speak. Stand where persons can be restrained if necessary. Maintain overall observation. Move as necessary to prevent closing.
175 BPM
At heart rates above ____ an officer may experience auditory changes, loss of peripheral vision and depth perception, increases in reaction time and a declining ability to process information.
Human trafficking has been described as one of the most ______________ crimes against humanity.
Atrocious
symbolizes one's affiliation with a more dominant group
Authoritatrian personality
Which of the following is not needed to arrest a person for a family violence assault? A. Probable cause to believe the assault occurred. B. The victim's willingness to press charges. C. constructive or actual custody D. understanding by the person arrested that he is not free to go.
B
A field of study focusing on how people of differing cultures communicate among one another.
Cross-cultural communication
TX Constitution on Denial of Bail after multiple Felonies
Bail may be denied pending trial and after indictment by district judge for any person: -Accused of a felony +2 prior subsequent felonies. -Accused of a felony committed while on bail for an INDICTED felony. -Accused of a felony involving use of deadly weapon + 1 prior felony. -Accused of violent sex offense committed while in supervision of an CJS agency for 1 prior felony.
Training for the jailer license consists of completion of the current
Basic County Corrections Course.
Relevant Circuit Court Cases:
Baskin v. Smith (handcuffing) Martinez v. New Mexico Dept of Public Safety (pepper spray) Jennings v. Jones (pepper spray) Robinson v. Solano County (seizure at gunpoint) Kuha v. City of Minnetonka (use of canine as force) Robinette v. Barnes (use of canine as force) Cruz v. Laramie (hog tie, hobble tie)
Traffic stop consist of 3 phases
Beginning, Middle, End
The professional definition of mental illness is diagnosed based on:
Behaviors and thinking
5 responses that can happen to an officer if fired upon
Bullet misses. Shot to the body armor. Non-fatal. Hits are normal, but the officer can still fight. Instant death.
Evidence developed by medicological experts may include:
Bullets removed from victim Comparison of fatal wounds to weapons. Id of the poison causing death. Comparison of dental impression. ID of foreign traces.
a field of study focusing on how people of differing cultures communicate among one another
Cross-cultural communication
Standard left side approach
Contact from driver's side window
Organizes and oversees an entire trafficking transaction, or more typically a string of transactions
Contactor
TX Constitution says that no bill of attainer, ex post facto law, retroactive law, or ANY law impairing the obligation of ______ shall be made.
Contracts
The U.S. Attorneys Office is the federal agency responsible for ______________ federal level human trafficking investigations and prosecuting trafficking cases.
Coordinating
Disadvantage of "knock and announce":
Could give time for occupants to reach for weapons or destroy evidence.
Peace officers who are investigating crimes involving family violence are required to provide the victim with written notice containing A. information about Texas Crime Victims' Rights B. name, address and telephone number of the law enforcement agency's designated "crime victim liaison" person. C. information regarding Texas Crime Victims Compensation D. All of the above.
D
What are the duties of a peace officer who investigates a family violence situation? A. To protect any potential victim of family violence B. To enforce the law C. To make lawful arrests of violators D. All of the above
D
True or false: Speed doesn't kill; it's the kinetic energy that does*
TRUE
Which answer is the best definition of a moral injury?
Damage done to one's conscience when the person perpetrates, witnesses, or fails to prevent acts that violate that person's morals, ethics, or codes of conduct
Property and Environment impacts of a CBRNE incident?
Damage to potable water sources Loss of productive lands Loss/destruction of food products Inability to occupy or inhabit structures
Identify factors that affect decision of whether search is to be conducted
Determine size and location of area, and possible locations for a bomb. Is there time for a search? Is time of detonation known? Can area be evacuated or not?
Mental illness is diagnosed based on behaviors and thinking as evaluated by a psychiatrist, psychologist, licensed professional counselor, licensed social worker, or other qualified professionals using a tool known as the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, most commonly called the DSM-5
acting on the basis of prejudice
Discrimination
Tips for the public:
Dont give personal info out Limit personal info on checks Check credit histories/ bank accounts often Keep detailed records Destroy carbon copies Purchase a home shredder
When interviewing someone watch for signs of deception; such as _____________, _____________, _____________, _____________ and _____________.
Dryness of mouth, excessive sweating, Posture, Grooming and Facial expressions
Who may file for a protective order in a family violence situation? A. an adult member of the family or household B. An adult for a protection of a child C. a prosecutor D. A victim of family violence E. Any of the above
E
Threatening resistance
ECD electronic control device; OC/baton; personal weapons
_____ is vulnerable to attack when it comes to ID theft
EVERYONE
When a person under appointment with that agency resigns or is terminated, how must the agency notify the commission?
Electronically following the requirements of Texas Occupations Code §1701.452,
Mob behavior is essentially __________ and ______________ reason.
Emotional without
Psychosis with lack of emotional response or inappropriate emotional actions are what?
Emotional cues
some functions of prejudice
Ethnocentrism, Sterotype and Categorial Treatment, Scapegoat, Projection, Authoritarian personality, Societal Strain
9.06 Civil Remedies Unaffected
Even if conduct is justified, it does not abolish or impair any civil suit.
Commission meetings are conducted _____.
Every 3 months
Texas Constitution on Right to Bear Arms
Every citizen has right to keep and bear arms in LAWFUL DEFENSE of himself or the state BUT legislature shall have power to regulate bearing of arms, so to prevent crime.
The exploitation of human beings has an ___________ history dating back to the earliest of pre-civilizations.
Extensive
Medications used to control the symptoms of many mental illnesses have unpleasant side effects. Select the answer that most accurately describes some of those effects.
Extreme weight gain, severe constipation, sexual dysfunction and the risk of neurological damage.
Most people who have a disabling illness need treatment to return to optimal functioning. Physician oversight and physical therapy fills this role for a physical illness, just as therapeutic intervention is needed for those experiencing mental illness.
Fact
"I am not going to tell you again." Is an example of a pro-LEAPS phrase.
False
'You' statements are often interpreted as accusatory, and are helpful when dealing with someone in crisis.
False
A person being transported for treatment (voluntary or involuntary) or evaluation, should be always be transported in handcuffs or in a caged unit.
False
An officer should never ask an individual if they have a plan to kill themselves, or what method they might use.
False
Calling a requested friend or family member to help someone in crisis, experiencing dementia, with an Autism Spectrum disorder, or with an intellectual disability is dangerous, and usually makes the situation worse.
False
Psychosis is only manifested as part of a thought disorder or schizophrenia
False
Psychotropic medication is any medication that effects your height and/or weight.
False
T/F Any evidence found after arrest or during the search is admissible to prove probable cause.
False
Although "labor, and Sex" trafficking have differing definitional elements; both contain three vital components _____________, _______________ and _____________.
Force, Fraud and Coercion
Most often male victims are used as _________________ labor, but have also been known to fall victim to the sex trade.
Forced
Arranges for and obtains legitimate or seemingly legitimate documentation for travel in another country.
Forger
Least violent offender?
Forgery and Credit Card Abuse
Questioning suspected trafficking victims should consist of specific questions including _____________________________.
How did they enter the U.S. and who is in control of their documents?
May groom CJ system/Institutions into believing they present no risk to child
INSTITUTIONAL GROOMING
Leading to the probable cause to uncover human trafficking may include __________, __________, __________, __________ and __________.
Injuries, Brands, Untreated sexual disease, Emotional distress or Trauma and Victim is extremely guarded by someone
Waivers to seizure
Interest Service of process Evidence of Lawsuit Standing Official Oppressions
Even though human trafficking can be classified as a transnational crime; we must understand that it can occur ______________.
Internally
Sextortion
Involves novel methods of child abuse. The threat to expose private, intimate or embarrassing images is so frightening, the victim complies. If the victim doesn't comply, the perpetrator releases sexual images to the victims' friends, family members, congregations, teachers, co-workers and the world at large via the internet.
According to the Texas Penal Code, section 8.01, 'insanity' -
Is an affirmative defense to prosecution that, at the time of the conduct charged, the actor, as a result of severe mental disease or defect, did not know that his/her conduct was wrong
Aggressive Crowd
Is usually assembled for some purpose. They have positive leadership, are determined to accomplish a specific end, and move actively toward their objective. Usually high emotional tension is present. This type crowd can easily become a mob. Consequently, this type of crowd presents an acute police problem.
Officers must avoid developing attitudes counterproductive of job performance as
Isolationism and ostracizing others Paranoia : Regarding all people suspicious and criminals. Withdrawing from normal part of community.
What type of apex is preferred for law enforcement when turning right and why?*
Late apex because it allows the vehicle to stay closer to the side of the roadway in which you are turning.
2
Law enforcement agencies are required to enter the NCIC Missing Person File within ___ hours of receiving the missing child report where the well-being of the child is in danger
2
Law enforcement agencies are required to report to the state clearinghouse and enter an NCIC Missing Person File in the case of a missing child where "the well-being of the child is in danger". Such action is required to be taken immediately, but not late than ___ hours after receiving the report of the missing child.
Step Seven
Leave
A court that combines judicial supervision with community mental health treatment and support services in an effort to reduce criminal recidivism; improve quality of life of people with mental illnesses and increase their participation in effective treatment; and to reduce court and corrections related costs is called:
Mental Health Court
When someone comes to you for assistance, and you aren't sure what resources are available, what is the best, easiest, most comprehensive resource for you to use?
Mental Health Texas 211 or www.211texas.org
Visualization (Relaxation Techniques)
Mental imagery to visualize yourself succeeding at a task, being strong.
Mental illness refers to a wide range of mental health conditions - this orders that affect your ______, ________, and ________
Mood, thinking, and behaviors
Circumstantial Evidence
Not based on actual personal knowledge or observation of the facts in controversy, but of other facts from which deductions are drawn, showing indirectly the facts sought to be proved
What SHALL the magistrate inform to the person arrested?
Of the accusation against him and of any affidavit filed. As well as his Miranda rights.
Fraire v City of Arlington
Off-duty officer - created a road block with his body; shot and killed driver, but HE created the situation so it is not an affirmative defense An officer may use deadly force when acting in self defense. Entitled to the defense for qualified immunity for his actions in defending his life.
Tactical left side walk up
Officer flares out wide, at the transition point, and goes to the driver's window
Tactical right side walk up
Officer goes around unit, flares out and approaches from passenger side window
Rights of Officer when arresting without warrant
Officer or person making the arrest is justified in adopting all the measure which he would otherwise adopt in case of arrest under warrant.
Crisis intervention training is foremost an _______ ______ kind of training
Officer safety
What is the procedures for identifying victim in case of Death?
Officers SHALL obtain permission from the medical examiner or justice of the peace to move or disturb the body prior to any attempt to locate sources of identification such as driver's license, military ID, Social security card, tattoo, amputation or unusual scars
Code of criminal procedure 6.07
Officers may use "all force necessary to REPEL the aggression"
TX Constitution says that the perpetuity of the union depends on what?
On the preservation of right to local self government, unimpaired to all states.
Escort and transport methods per agency policy and procedure Walking:
One officer, one suspect: One officer, two suspects: Two officers, one suspect: Two officers, two suspects:
Escort and transport methods per agency policy and procedure -Transporting:
One officer, one suspect: Two officers, one suspect: Two officers, two suspects:
Active Shooter
One or more persons who participate in random or systematic shooting or stabbing spree, demonstrating intent to continuously harm others.
What are affirm defenses to 21.02 CONTINUOUS SEXUAL ABUSE OF A CHILD?
One victim no more than 5 years older; multiple victims (not more than 5 years older than the youngest); used no force; not required to register as sex offender; no prior sexual abuse
A person represented by legal counsel, may in ______ _______ or by ______ voluntarily waive the right to be accused by _______ of any offense other than capital felony.
Open court or by writing. Indictment
State Law for ID crimes are found:
Penal Code: 32.51 - STATE JAIL FELONY Chapter 20 - Business and Commerce Code
Some techniques used to educate the public about ID crimes:
PSA's, community policing involvement
Many veterans suffer from ___________ and ___________ which results in a complex dynamic that impacts mood, emotion, behavior, and thought processes.
PTSD, TBI
Minimum educational requirements for a jailer:
Passed a General Education Development Test.
Kentucky v. King
Peace Officers cannot create the exigent circumstances by engaging or threatening to engage in conduct that violates the Fourth Amendment. In this case law, officers DID NOT create the circumstances, the reaction of the occupants of the apartment did. ( So warrantless entry was justified due to exigent circumstances.
Dyar V. State
Peace officers must be able to articulate specific facts and circumstances to justify and arrest based on "suspicious places" and "circumstances".
Code of criminal procedure 6.06
Places a civic duty on peace officers to prevent injury to people and property by using only that force necessary to prevent commission of offenses, and no greater
Officers can develop a state of mental readiness "an edge" for shooting situations by
Planning or "mental rehearsals."
An IQ below 20 is considered
Profound intellectual disability
provides an outlet for projecting one's tensions and frustrations onto other people
Projection
Proceeds
Property derived from an event or transaction. Includes: Income of a person accused or convicted of a crime. Received by media entertainment in which the crime was re-enacted OR The sale of TANGIBLE property, with an increased vale due to the conviction of an offense.
Contraband
Property of any nature: Real, personal, tangible, or intangible. AND 1. Used or intended to be used in the commission of a crime. OR 2. The proceeds gained from a crime OR 3. Acquired with proceeds gained from commission of crime. OR 4. Used/ intended to use to facilitate the commission of a crime.
Importance of Patrol
Protection: Prevention of crime Service: Citizens needs
Post seizure, Peace officer must:
Provide state attorney sworn statement containing: Schedule of property seized. Acknowledgement that officer seized property. List of reasons supporting seizure.
Uses of Field Notes
Provides basis for report Reduces need to re-contact parties involved Provides greater accuracy relative to time, statements, and events than memory alone
What is an L3
Psychological Health Declaration.
People observe and know many things which they will tell an officer who has developed good _______through proper ______ ________.
Rapport, Field inquiry.
The primary goal of crisis intervention training involves calming persons with mental illness who are in crisis and referring them to mental health care services, _____________________
Rather than incarcerating them
Myth or Reality? No one is immune from mental illness. 43.7 million Americans struggle with mental health conditions annually
Reality
Policy reasons
Reciprocity
39.6 Review the requirements for an owner with a dangerous dog. The owner of a dangerous dog who does not comply with subsection (a)
SHALL deliver the dog to the animal control authority no later than the 30th day after the owner learns that the dog is dangerous.
Privilege of Legislators
Senators and Representatives shall, except in cases of treason, felony or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during the session of the Legislature, and in going to and returning from the same, allowing one day for every twenty miles such member may reside from the place at which the Legislature is convened.
When someone writes the same way he talks, two serious errors may occur
Sentence fragments & run-on sentences
Rule 119 of Civil Procedure
Service of Process
Document ____________ occurs when victims are controlled by another person who is holding their identification papers.
Servitude
Institutional Grooming
Sex offenders may groom criminal justice and other institutions into believing that they present no risk to children
Unlike dugs which are only used once, humans can be ________ and ________ for numerous times for profit.
Sold, Re-sold
Primary State or Federal Financial Institution Regulator
State or Federal regulatory agency that chartered and comprehensively regulates a financial institution.
Step Four
Statement of action to be taken
Step Two
Statement of violation committed
Minimizing heart rate
Strategies to positively channel changes to enhance tactical performance or minimize deterioration of psychomotor skills and sensory changes are geared towards ___________________.
2/3
Study examined the relationship of reported sexual abusers to the child and noted a _____ likelihood of a report of a male with access to the home
What does SAMHSA stand for?
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
In lieu of arresting an adult who is intoxicated in public, the PO may release him if:
The PO believes detention is not necessary to guarantee the safety of the individual or others, AND: The individual is released to the care of an adult who assumes responsibility of the drunk person OR The individual verbally consents to voluntary treatment for substance abuse in a program licensed by Health and Human Services Commission. OR Verbally consents to voluntary admission to facility that provides a place for individuals to become sober
Positive Weight Shift*
The REAR of the vehicle breaks traction easily, especially on slick surface. There is more weight on the front wheels, force is needed to turn them. More traction force is used for turning, and less for acceleration.
A place for emergency management agencies, LE, Shelter staff, hospital emp and other org to report minors in their care during disaters
The Unaccompanied Minors Registry
39.6 Review the requirements for an owner with a dangerous dog. If, on application of any person, a justice court, county court or municipal court finds, after notice and hearing as provided by section 822.0423 that the owner of the dangerous dog has failed to comply with subsection (a) or (b) the court SHALL order the animal control authority to seize the dog and SHALL issue a warrant authorizing the seizure.
The authority SHALL seize the dog or order its seizure and SHALL provide for the impoundment of the dog in a secure and humane condition.
If the applicant is pending administrative action, what may the commission do?
The commission may deny his application and may refuse to accept a report of appointment.
As requirement for an intermediate proficiency certificate, an officer must complete an education and training program on Asset forfeiture established by:
The commission under Sec 1701,253(g)
Who are the ultimate arbitrates of what constitutes probable cause?
The courts
Whether or not probable cause was present to support an arrest or search is a question that will be resolved by :
The courts.
To ensure credit hours will be summitted, a licensed peace officer should have continuing education courses approved by _____ prior to attending such curses.
The department's training coordinator/ chief administrative Officer
A telecommunicator must obtain their license by:
The first year anniversary of the date of Employment.
Safe vehicle operation factors:
Traffic density Speed of vehicles Type of vehicles Pedestrians Animals
Who must report the arrest of a licensee above a Class C misdemeanor?
The licensee, the arresting agency, and the employing agency.
Females
The majority of sextortion victims are ___________ between the ages of 14-18
Upon returning search warrant,what must the officer write in the back of the same , or attach to it?
The manner in which the warrant has been executed.
Means adopted to suppress CCP 8.06
The officer engaged in suppressing the riot and those who aid him are authorized in adopting such measures as are necessary to suppress the riot, but are not authorized to use any greater degree of force than is required.
Two officers with two or more persons (Interviewing techniques)
The officer initiating should proceed. The second officer assumes maximum visibility, avoids lengthy conversations, and communicate observations of threat or hazard to the primary.
The legislatively mandated training required for PO every 48 month training depends on:
The officer's level of proficiency.
Mental Preparation
The single most important factor in officer survival is mental conditioning. The transition from civilian work to a police officer necessitates mental and emotional conditioning to adapt to the psychological pressures.
For a PO to be eligible for inclusion of the Peace Officer's Memorial, he must be a licensee in _____
The state of TX.
What will the court examine to determine if there were sufficient facts and circumstances present to satisfy the 4th amendment?
The totality of circumstances
When accused of a crime regarding family violence has been released on bail, the Law enforcement agency must make reasonable attempts to notify who, that the offender is free on bail?
The victim of the alleged offense
No
There is ____ waiting period for accepting missing child reports.
Missing Person Circumstances (MPC)
There is an optional field in NCIC labeled the _________ ___________ _________________ field
Thought Stopping / Blocking / Focusing (Relaxation Techniques)
These are techniques to force your mind off of stressors. You refuse to allow your mind to dwell on a subject by forcing it to dwell on a specific topic.
What are Narcotic Analgesics?
They relieve pain, induce euphoria, and create mood changes in the user. Examples of narcotic analgesics include opium, coding, heroin, Demerol, Dilauded, morphine, methadone, Suboxone, Subutex, Vicodin, and OxyContin Methods of administration include injection, ingestion, smoking, or insufflation
Maintaining constant brake pressure at the point of incipient skid.*
Threshold braking
In kid napping situations the threat of force or coercion is continually present ______________ the phases of the transportation or sale.
Throughout
Autopsy report provides investigator with:
Time of death Nature of Injury Weapon or substance that caused death. Whether body was moved after death, Amount of Blood Alcohol; Contents in stomach Any indication of seminal fluids, injuries to genitalia, or pregnancy in female victims. Any foreign traces that are not the victim's.
Objectives of Patrol
To preserve the peace by mere presence and proper action. To prevent crime by opportunity reduction. To suppress crime by timely response and properly investigating. To apprehend suspects. To regulate non-criminal conduct by obtaining and maintaining good relationships to protect life and property
Faith of Texas stands pledge to what?
To the preservation of a republican form of government.
For any offense other than capital felony where the death penalty is being pursued by prosecution, the defendant has the right to waive what, during a plea?
To waive a trial by jury. -Waiver must be made in person, in writing in open court. -Court and prosecutor must approve and consent the waiver. -Consent of court must be recorded on the minutes on the court. Consent of attorney must be in writing.
How to describe Vehicles?
Top to bottom
Due to victims being sold and transported across international boarders forces human trafficking to be classified as a _____________________ crime. Victims may be transported and sold within their country of origin.
Transnational
Accompany the victims throughout the trip. They oftentimes deliver the victim to a broker.
Transporter
Typically serving as fronts for trafficking activity.
Travel and Employment Agents
"I am John Doe. What would you like me to call you?" is an example of a pro-LEAPS phrase.
True
A deflecting or redirecting statement is often the best technique when facing verbal abuse.
True
Negative stereotypes (or stigmas) about people experiencing mental health struggles can fuel fear, mistrust and reinforce distorted perceptions.
True
T/F A search warrant may be issued to photograph a child victim of injury, sexual assault, aggravated assault, or continuous sexual assault.
True
T/F Homestead protection NOT resolved in TX
True
T/F Only information known to the officer AT THE TIME of the seizure or search will be considered by the court.
True
T/F Revocation of license shall permanently disqualify a person from licensing and a license may not be reinstated.
True
T/F Search warrant may also authorize the arrest of a person.
True
T/F The more time you spend in white, the greater your chances to become a statistic
True
T/F The property seized during a warrant may not be removed from the county in which it was seized without an order by magistrate approving the removal
True
T/F To expedite the arrest, the PO may take person described in warrant to any county other than the county where warrant was issued.
True
T/F the arrest warrant and any affidavit presented to the magistrate is public information
True
The standard for determining a warrantless apprehension affidavit for mental health purposes is the same as the standard for a criminal affidavit.
True
It is possible that the consumer of human trafficking is ______________________ that their "employee" is actually a victim.
Unaware
Certain characteristics are quantifiable protective factors against suicide. Which of the below answers in NOT one of these?
Unemployment
Most frequent factors contributing to law enforcement collisions:
Unsafe speed for conditions, Right-of-way violations, Left-hand turns, Backing, Parking
One reason human trafficking is so difficult in the United States is the victim does not want to be deported if they are discovered; so they are __________________ to work with Law enforcement.
Unwilling
Symptoms associated with high engagement of Sympathetic NS and resulting elevated heart rates include:
Visual changes such as tunnel vision, loss of depth perception, and color changes are common. Scenes may appear dimly lit due to pupil dilation and objects associated with the threat may appear larger Time often appears to slow down during the incident as well as during recollection of the incident. A person can often recall incident frame by frame after the initial 24-48 hours has passed. For example, they may see a fist coming at them inch by inch or a bullet entering a body slowly. Some sounds may seem muffled while others sound louder than they should due to hearing perception changes. Memory lapses may occur. For example the number of shots that were fired or how many people were involved in an incident. Most memory will begin to return in 24 to 48hours. A warning that any reports written during this time should be considered preliminary. After an incident the officer may experience nausea, extreme weakness, and inappropriate or cycling emotions
Methods designed to enhance public service
Visual presence Non-Punitive interaction with public Community involvement Seeking citizen input Public service announcements via media Crime prevention tips Radar locations announcements Crime stoppers Most wanted announcements Citizen police academies Overview of policing
*NAPD * Neutral Weight Shift
Weight is distributed normally on the tires. The vehicle is more level and there is better control during smooth braking and steering.
When can PO arrest without a warrant when a felony HAS BEEN committed?
When credible person shows satisfactory proof to PO that felony has been committed and offender is about to escape (So there is no time to get warrant).
63
___% of parents would disregard an evacuation order and go directly to their child's school in an attempt to collect their children
Supervisory Officer
_____________ ___________ Responding to the Scene: 1. Obtain briefing and written officer from officers at scene 2. Decide if AMBER alert protocol is met 3. Determine if additional is needed 4. Establish command post 5. Determine if assistance is needed from State police, Clearinghouse, FBI, specialized units etc... 6. Confirm all equipment and resources have been requested 7. Verify required notifications have been made 8. Ensure agency polices and procedures are in compliance 9. Be available to make any decisions or determinations as they develop 10. Use media to assist in the search
White individuals
________________ are most likely to die by suicide, followed by Native American peoples.
Investigators
_________________ Responding to the Scene: 1. Obtain briefing from the first responding officer and other on-scene personnel 2. Verify the accuracy of all descriptive information and other details developed during the preliminary investigation 3. Initiate a neighborhood canvass using a standardized questionnaire 4. Obtain a brief, recent history of family dynamics 5. Correct and investigate the reasons for conflicting information offered by witnesses and other individuals 6. Collect articles of the child's clothing for scent-tracking purposes 7. Review and evaluate all available information and evidence collected 8. Secure the child's latest medical and dental records. 9. Contact landfill management and request they delay or at least segregate garbage from key investigative areas 10. Develop and execute and investigative plan 11. Conduct a CCH check on suspects, witnesses, and participants of investigation 12. Determine what additional resources and specialized services are required. 13. Ensure details of the case have been reported to NCMEC 14. Prepare and update bulletins 15. Establish a phone hotline for receipt of tips and leads 16. Establish a leads-management system to prioritize leads and help ensure each one is reviewed and followed up on
Hate crime
a criminal offense against a person or property which is motivated, in whole or part, by the offenders bias against race, religion, ethnic/national origin group, or sexual orientation group.
A condition that an individual may have had since birth or childhood which has prevented them from full social or vocational independence in adulthood, and which continues through their life span is:
a developmental disorder
A mental illness can be diagnosed based on behaviors and thinking evaluated by all of the following EXCEPT:
a friend that reads a lot on the internet
rapport
a friendly, harmonious relationship; especially: a relationship characterized by agreement, mutual understanding, or empathy that makes communication possible or easy
When talking with a person displaying a personality disorder,
be straightforward unemotional allow them to vent be rational/no nonsense stay calm be empathetic nonreactive
Fixed wing and helicopter patrol
can cover enormous area, allows sky view of fleeing persons or vehicles, excellent apprehension tool
Notify US Postal Service about ID crime if:
committed a financial crime involving the US mail
In a protective order, the court may prohibit the person found to have committed family violence from committing family violence and ______________________ with a person protected by an order or a member of the family or household of a person protected by an order, in a threatening or harassing manner.
communicating directly
deinstitutionalization
describes the policy of relocating people experiencing severe mental illness out of residential mental health facilities and the subsequent closure of many of those facilities
Safety in approach
driving/vehicle operation policies, watching for fleeing suspects.
Police officer collisions are usually due to*
ego and faulty decision making
Foot patrol
immediate control, good public relations; develop informants; increased knowledge of community needs and potential crime hazards
A peace officer who has lawfully taken custody of a minor, if the peace officer has reasonable grounds to believe the minor needs __________________________.
immediate medical treatment
intellectual disability (ID)
includes deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning; failure to meet developmental and socio-cultural standards for intellectual an personal independence standards; a fixed mental condition that cannot be "cured"
Under case law, although visible indicators of bodily injury are preferable, it is possible to establish _______________ for an arrest for assault without visible injuries to corroborate the victim's claim of injury.
probable cause
A wide variety of sources, including bookstores and Internet retailers, provide publications that give criminals step-by-step instructions on techniques for _________________________
producing false documents
The court _____ serve an order in open court to a respondent who is present at the hearing by giving to the respondent a copy of the order, reduced to writing and signed by the judge or master. A certified copy of the signed order shall be given to the applicant at the time the order is given to the respondent.
shall
When a peace officer responds to a family violence call, what actions should the officer perform at the scene? A peace officer ___________________________________________ as outlined in the Texas Family Code.
shall advise the victim of her legal rights
A law enforcement officer who, during a criminal investigation relating to a child's custody, discovers that a child is a missing child and believes that a person may flee with or conceal the child ____________________________ and provide for the delivery of the child.
shall take possession of the child
Texas Department of Saftey is responsible for the issuance of:
state DL's and ID cards
rigor mortis
stiffness of the body that sets in several hours after death Onset may start 15 mins to 15 hours after death (General rule it starts 5 to 6 hours after death)
Unknown risk
suspicious vehicle, tinted windows, etc. (majority)
Types of ID crimes include;
theft, credit/debit card access device fraud, skimming, check fraud, bank fraud, false ID fraud, passport/VISA fraud.
39.3 Discuss the range of punishment for animal cruelty and its defense to prosecution. Cruelty to animals (42.092 Non-livestock) (d) It is a defense to prosecution that:
• the actor had reasonable fear of bodily injury to the actor or to another person by a dangerous wild animal as define by section 822.101 Health and Safety Code; or • the actor was engage for bona fide experimentation for scientific research.
39.3 Discuss the range of punishment for animal cruelty and its defense to prosecution. Cruelty to animals (42.092 Non-livestock) (e) it is a defense to prosecution under subsections b2, or 6 that:
• the animal was discovered on the persons property in the act of or after injuring or killing the persons livestock animals or damaging the persons crops and the person killed or injured the animal at the time of this discovery; or • the person killed the animal with the scope of the persons employment as public servant or in furtherance of activities or operations associated with electricity transmission or distribution, electricity generation or operations associated with the generation of electricity, or natural gas delivery.
Criteria to professional peace officer use of force continued
•Ability to return to words and verbal strategies once the threat is over •Possess the knowledge to recognize when a person is under the influence of some substance or have mental/physical disorder •Ability to evaluate personal performance •Capability of describing and characterizing performance to superiors