Chapter 3
A method of transferring a patient from bed to stretcher, during which two or more rescuers curl the patient to their chests then reverse the process to lower the patient to the stretcher, is: A. a direct ground lift. B. body mechanics. C. a direct carry. D. the draw-sheet method.
a direct carry.
Fire and exposure to explosives or other hazardous materials are examples of immediate dangers that would warrant: A. an urgent move such as rapid extrication. B. an emergency move such as a clothes drag. C. an abbreviated move such as a two-person ground lift. D. a rapid move such as the FAST maneuver.
an emergency move such as a clothes drag.
The safest and MOST efficient methods for using one's body to facilitate lifting and moving are called: A. body mechanics. B. lifting techniques. C. body structures. D. lifting mechanics.
body mechanics.
When lifting, keep the weight: A. away from your body. B. higher than your shoulders. C. lower than your knees. D. close to your body.
close to your body.
Forming a plan for lifting and carrying a patient should be: A. unnecessary in cases when extra help is available. B. done before assessing the weight of the patient. C. done before assessing your own physical limitations. D. communicated to your partner before putting the plan into action.
communicated to your partner before putting the plan into action.
Regarding transferring a patient from the patient's bed to the stair chair: A. do not use the device for noncritical patients. B. do not use the straps that restrain the legs while carrying the patient. C. do not use the device for unresponsive patients. D. do not use the track to control the rate of descent.
do not use the device for unresponsive patients.
In a Fowler or semi-Fowler position, it is normal and not a cause for concern if the patient: A. becomes unresponsive. B. is in a semi-sitting position. C. vomits. D. experiences an occluded airway.
is in a semi-sitting position.
To use your legs instead of your back to lift, you must: A. keep the weight at arm's length. B. lock both elbows straight. C. place your palms downward. D. keep the weight close to your body.
keep the weight close to your body.
When lifting a patient, a basic principle is to: A. extend your arms to maximize your lift. B. know your lifting limits. C. rush your lift to minimize your lift time. D. lift with your lower back.
know your lifting limits.
Urgent moves are required when: A. there are no life threats and conditions are stable. B. rapid transport is necessary. C. an emergency move is not possible. D. life threats exist but there is time for precautions for spinal injuries.
life threats exist but there is time for precautions for spinal injuries.
To minimize or prevent aggravation of a spinal injury during an emergency move, the EMT should move the patient in the direction of the: A. vertical axis of the body. B. short axis of the body. C. long axis of the body. D. lateral axis of the body.
long axis of the body.
An important key to preventing injury while lifting or moving is: A. using manual force instead of equipment when possible. B. rotating or flexing the wrists and arms to prevent injury. C. not compensating when lifting with one hand. D. maintaining an outward curve of the back to reduce the potential for spinal injury.
not compensating when lifting with one hand.
Bending all fingers at the same angle and placing the hands ten inches apart are two key elements of the: A. power grip. B. traction lift. C. stretcher operation. D. power lift.
power grip.
You want to navigate a responsive patient down several narrow, curving stairways. You want to transport the patient in a sitting position, which means you use a: A. stair chair. B. long backboard. C. scoop stretcher. D. wheeled stretcher.
stair chair.
When executing a power lift, to keep the weight as close to your body as possible: A. straddle it, if possible. B. bend forward over the weight. C. lift with your back toward the weight. D. lift from the front of the weight.
straddle it, if possible.
Emergency moves may be necessary if: A. the patient is really screaming. B. there is a meeting later in the afternoon that you do not want to miss. C. additional calls are holding. D. there is a threat of fire or possible explosion.
there is a threat of fire or possible explosion.
An obese patient is upset that a special stretcher is to be used for him and that you have called for a bariatric ambulance. The BEST way to respond is to explain that: A. this situation indicates another reason to lose weight other than health benefits. B. you and other EMTs must avoid overexerting themselves as much as possible. C. it's a lucky thing that such equipment is available for use with this patient. D. this equipment enables you to provide the best assessment and care for the patient.
this equipment enables you to provide the best assessment and care for the patient.
To avoid injuries while lifting and moving an obese patient over a long distance, what must always be present among team members? A. Communication B. A decisive leader C. Great physical strength D. Positive attitudes
Communication
An ideal lifting arrangement entails: A. EMTs of different heights. B. EMTs with similar physical limitations. C. EMTs of similar strength and height. D. EMTs of different weights.
EMTs of similar strength and height.
If the weight is below your waist level, what is the proper position for pushing or pulling? A. From a squatting position B. From a standing position C. From a kneeling position D. From a bent-over position
From a kneeling position
In reaching, what should be done every time? A. Twist. B. Have a locked-in back. C. Prolong the reach. D. Reach more than 15 inches.
Have a locked-in back.
Which of the following is used to immobilize a patient with a suspected spinal injury? A. Scoop stretcher B. Basket stretcher C. Portable stretcher D. Long backboard
Long backboard
When placing all fingers and the palm in contact with the object being lifted, you are using which of the following? A. Vise grip B. Power lift C. Power grip D. Lock grip
Power grip
You are treating an unconscious patient who does not have a possibility of spinal injury and who is breathing adequately. Which of the following is the best position for transporting the patient? A. Supine B. Semi-Fowler position C. Fowler position D. Recovery position
Recovery position
When lifting and moving patients, what should be kept straight and locked? A. The back B. The feet C. The legs D. The hips
The back
Which of the following statements regarding body mechanics is true? A. Twist your torso while lifting. B. Position your feet close together. C. Use your back to lift. D. Use your legs to lift.
Use your legs to lift.
When a stretcher is lifted, the number of rescuers lifting from both the head and foot of the stretcher should be: A. three. B. one. C. two. D. four.
two.
Before lifting any patient, consider the patient's: A. weight. B. gender. C. cultural requirements. D. physical fitness.
weight.
What type of move should the EMT use to move a patient who is in a car that has started to burn? A. Extremity carry B. Urgent move C. Emergency move D. Nonurgent move
Emergency move
For which of the following conditions would a bariatric stretcher be indicated? A. Multiple angulated fractures B. Morbid obesity C. Severe burns D. Cervical injury
Morbid obesity
You arrive on scene and assess the need for a bariatric ambulance for transport of a patient because the patient is: A. a child. B. elderly. C. violent. D. obese
obese.
You and your partner decide to use a long backboard to immobilize a patient. This patient is: A. possibly injured in the neck or spine. B. obese. C. elderly or a child. D. critically injured.
possibly injured in the neck or spine.
During a cradle carry, one arm is across the patient's back and the other: A. under the patient's knees. B. hanging free. C. under the patient's ankles. D. around the patient's neck.
under the patient's knees.
What is the preferred number of rescuers when using a stair chair? A. Four: one for each corner of the device B. Only one with the track-like chair C. Two: one in front and one in back D. Three: two lifting and one spotting
Three: two lifting and one spotting
An efficient way of transferring a patient between a hospital and nursing home that uses the patient's bed in the transfer is the: A. direct ground lift. B. extremity lift. C. draw-sheet method. D. direct carry method.
draw-sheet method.
What is the main benefit of using a stair chair with a tracklike system over a traditional stair chair? A. Only one EMT is required to operate a stair chair with a tracklike system. B. A stair chair with a tracklike system prevents the patient from having to be lifted down stairs. C. A stair chair with a tracklike system can be manipulated to lift into an ambulance using a hydraulic system. D. There is no benefit of a tracklike stair chair over a traditional stair chair.
A stair chair with a tracklike system prevents the patient from having to be lifted down stairs.
You have responded to a nursing home and find an elderly patient in his bed in cardiac arrest. Which type of move would you perform to get the patient to a hard surface so you can perform chest compressions? A. Nonurgent move B. Urgent move C. Clothing drag D. Emergency move
Emergency move
Which of the following is not correct when performing a log roll? A. Lean forward from the hips. B. Use your shoulder muscles. C. Keep your back straight. D. Place both feet flat on the ground.
Place both feet flat on the ground.
Which of the following devices should be used to carry a patient down the stairs whenever possible? A. Wheeled ambulance stretcher B. Stair chair C. Scoop stretcher D. Basket stretcher
Stair chair
What are body mechanics? A. The proper use of your body to prevent injury and facilitate lifting and moving B. The ability to use mechanical lift devices to help you carry heavier loads C. The process by which you package the patient and carry the patient to the ambulance D. Research into how to minimize back pain while maximizing the weight that you can lift and carry in an emergency
The proper use of your body to prevent injury and facilitate lifting and moving
A stair chair should be used in which of the following circumstances? A. When the patient has an obstructed airway B. When the patient has altered mental status C. When the patient has a suspected spinal injury D. When traversing narrow corridors and doorways
When traversing narrow corridors and doorways
Which of the following is an indication for an emergency move? A. You are unable to gain access to other patients who need lifesaving care. B. The patient is yelling for you to "hurry up." C. Dispatch needs you to clear rapidly because EMS calls are backing up. D. You need to practice your lifting technique.
You are unable to gain access to other patients who need lifesaving care.
An emergency move would be permitted in order to change a patient's position in a situation in which you: A. needed to splint an open fracture. B. needed to assess the patient. C. needed to perform CPR. D. needed to apply a cervical spine collar.
needed to perform CPR.
Where should you position the weight of the object being lifted? A. As far from the body as possible B. An arm's length away from the body C. As close to the body as possible D. To one side or the other
As close to the body as possible
You have responded to a multiple casualty incident involving an overturned bus. Patients have been thrown around the interior of the bus, and several are piled on top of each other. What type of move would you perform to gain access to the most critically injured patients? A. Nonurgent move B. Urgent move C. Emergency move D. Extremity lift
Emergency move
Which of the following should you use when you want to move a patient from a wheelchair to a stretcher? A. Modified direct lift B. Extremity lift C. Ground transfer D. Clothing lift
Extremity lift
Which of the following patients should not be transported in a stair chair? A. Patient with difficulty breathing B. Patient found lying in bed C. Patient who is nauseated D. Patient with a suspected spinal injury
Patient with a suspected spinal injury
Which of the following is another name for the squat-lift position? A. Power lift B. Power grip C. Weight-lifter technique D. Direct carry
Power lift
Which of the following should you not do when reaching for something? A. Prolong the reach for as long as necessary. B. Avoid reaching more than 20 inches in front of your body. C. Keep your back in a locked-in position. D. Avoid twisting.
Prolong the reach for as long as necessary.
Which of the following is recommended when moving something heavy? A. Reaching B. Twisting C. Pulling D. Pushing
Pushing
Which of the following helps prevent injury from lifting and carrying a patient? A. Use your leg muscles. B. Lift with both palms down. C. Keep the weight away from your body. D. Keep your knees locked.
Use your leg muscles.
You respond to a call at a park where you find a 550-pound patient who has fallen down a slope near a creek. As you and your partner discuss the situation, you decide to call a second unit for lifting assistance. Once the patient is on a stretcher, how would the additional two personnel help in this lift? A. You will place two persons at the head of the stretcher, one at the foot, and one to act as a spotter. B. They would position themselves halfway up the slope to take over when you and your partner get fatigued. C. You will place two persons at the foot, one at the head, and the other to act as a safety anchor with a rope. D. You place one person on each corner of the stretcher to balance the weight and share in the lifting.
You place one person on each corner of the stretcher to balance the weight and share in the lifting.
The term that has to do with patients who are significantly overweight or obese is: A. geriatric. B. pediatric. C. calorimetric. D. bariatric.
bariatric
Stretchers that are designed to carry obese patients weighing up to 800 pounds (or more) are called: A. hydraulic stretchers. B. battery-powered stretchers. C. wheeled stretchers. D. bariatric stretchers.
bariatric stretchers.
When pushing or pulling, you should: A. keep your back in a bent position for flexibility. B. keep the line of pull through the center of your body. C. reach and twist at the same time. D. push or pull overhead whenever possible.
keep the line of pull through the center of your body.
If the weight being pulled is below the level of the EMT's waist, he should be in a(n) ________ position. A. squatting B. feet-together C. kneeling D. overhead
kneeling
For a patient without a possibility of spinal injury, which of the following carries should be used to move him from a bed to a stretcher? A. Extremity lift B. Firefighter's carry C. Draw-sheet method D. Direct ground lift
Draw-sheet method
Which of the following is the correct position of an EMT's feet when lifting? A. Two feet apart B. As wide apart as possible C. As close together as possible D. Shoulder-width apart
Shoulder-width apart
How far apart should your hands be when using a power grip? A. 6 inches B. 10 inches C. 24 inches D. 15 inches
10 inches
How many pounds are most battery-powered hydraulic systems rated to safely lift? A. 200 B. 700 C. 300 D. 500
700
What is the safest level at which to move a patient on a stretcher? A. A fully elevated position B. Closest to the ground C. Mid-elevated from the ground D. The reclined position
Closest to the ground
You and your partner feel that your physical limitations will not allow you to safely lift and carry a patient, and additional help is still minutes away from the scene. If lifting the patient right away is necessary, which of the following devices uses a battery-powered hydraulic system that could lift the patient? A. A stair chair B. A manual stretcher C. A scoop stretcher D. A power stretcher
A power stretcher
You and your partner arrive on the scene of a 400-pound patient lying in bed. He complains of nausea and vomiting for the past 3 days. When he tries to sit up, he gets very dizzy and has a syncopal episode. Realizing that he cannot assist you in getting on the stretcher, you decide to do which of the following? A. Use the power lift technique to carefully and safely lift the patient to the stretcher. B. Call for additional manpower to move the patient. C. Use the patient's sheets to slide him over to the stretcher. D. Place the patient on a backboard to provide better gripping points to move the patient.
Call for additional manpower to move the patient.
Which of the following techniques will NOT contribute to the safe and efficient movement of a patient from an upstairs bedroom to the ambulance? A. Being aware of the physical abilities and limitations of each team member B. Using the most appropriate equipment for the job C. Sizing up the scene accurately D. Calling for assistance only if you find that you and your partner cannot lift the patient
Calling for assistance only if you find that you and your partner cannot lift the patient
Which of the methods listed below is best described as moving a patient from the floor to a stretcher by having two or more rescuers kneel, curl the patient to their chests, stand, and then reverse the process to place the patient on the stretcher? A. Power lift B. Direct ground lift C. Direct carry D. Draw-sheet method
Direct ground lift
When assessing a patient, you quickly decide that it is in the patient's best interest for you to do an emergency move. Which of the following is NOT an indication for an emergency move? A. There is immediate danger to you. B. Dispatch is holding calls for your community. C. You are unable to gain access to other patients who need lifesaving care. D. You are unable to provide lifesaving care to the patient because of the patient's location.
Dispatch is holding calls for your community.
You are moving an elderly patient down the stairs using a stair chair. The patient is alert and very anxious. What should you do prior to moving the patient to prevent her from grabbing the railing and causing you to fall? A. Gently tie the patient's hands together until you are downstairs to prevent her from unconsciously grabbing the railing. B. Place the patient on oxygen during the move to calm her down. C. Explain to the patient what you are doing and advise her to hold her hands together and not let go until you are finished moving her. D. Use a strap to safely secure the patient's arms to the chair without causing any loss of circulation to the patient's extremities.
Explain to the patient what you are doing and advise her to hold her hands together and not let go until you are finished moving her.
Which is useful for narrow hallways but is not used for immobilization of a patient? A. Rigid cervical collar B. Short spine board C. Long spine board D. Flexible stretcher
Flexible stretcher
Which of the following devices is best suited for maneuvering a patient through a narrow hallway? A. Long backboard B. Wheeled stretcher C. Basket stretcher D. Flexible stretcher
Flexible stretcher
During which type of drag should you take care not to bump the patient's head? A. Clothes B. Foot C. Incline D. Shoulder
Foot
When lifting a stretcher or backboard, which of the following is the best number of people to use? A. Five B. Four C. Seven D. Three
Four
What is the BEST way to securely transport a patient who is suspected of having a spinal injury? A. Fully immobilized with necessary spinal precautions B. Semi-Fowler's on the cot with the five-point harness attached C. Supine on a scoop stretcher D. Sitting in the stair chair with the lap-and-shoulder belt on
Fully immobilized with necessary spinal precautions
Which of the following is an advantage of a vacuum mattress? A. The cervical collar can be removed. B. The device is nonconforming. C. It naturally pads voids for greater comfort. D. It does not require a pump.
It naturally pads voids for greater comfort.
What should you not do when using a stair chair? A. Keep your back straight. B. Lean forward from the waist. C. Flex your knees. D. Lean forward from the hips.
Lean forward from the waist.
During an emergency move, which of the following techniques should be used, whenever possible, to minimize the possibility of further aggravating a possible spinal injury? A. Move the patient sideways, alternating between moving the shoulders and the hips. B. Pull the patient from the feet, not the shoulders. C. Move the patient in the direction of the long axis of the body. D. Roll the patient over.
Move the patient in the direction of the long axis of the body.
You respond to the scene of a two-vehicle T-bone vehicle collision. The driver's side door is smashed shut and will not open. The front passenger door will open. The front passenger is stable and complaining of severe head and neck pain. You suspect that he has a potential spinal injury. The driver is unresponsive, in critical condition, and has gurgling respirations. You should extricate the passenger by which technique? A. Carefully move the patient using full c-spine precautions. B. Take extra care to protect the passenger's neck with a short spine board because of the injury. C. Maneuver the patient onto a scoop stretcher to extricate him from the vehicle. D. Move the patient out of the car as quickly as possible, in the direction of the long axis of the body.
Move the patient out of the car as quickly as possible, in the direction of the long axis of the body.
Which of the following best describes an urgent move? A. Moving a patient from a car directly to a long spine board B. Dragging a patient from a burning house using his shirt C. Using a sheet to move a patient from a bed to the stretcher D. Pulling a patient by her feet across a parking lot
Moving a patient from a car directly to a long spine board
Which of the following techniques is used to prevent injury when lifting? A. Squat thrust B. Power lift C. Knee-chest lift D. Clean-and-jerk lift
Power lift
Which of the following best describes body mechanics? A. Equipment designed to minimize stress on the user's body B. Proper use of the body to protect patient safety C. Maintaining correct body posture to improve ergonomics D. Proper use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving objects
Proper use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving objects
Your patient is conscious, has no trauma, and is complaining of dyspnea. The patient is concerned that transport will aggravate the breathing difficulty. Which of the following is most likely the BEST way to position the patient during transport that would also address this patient's concern? A. Supine on a vacuum mattress B. Lying flat on a long spine board C. Left recumbent on a wheeled stretcher D. Sitting upright in a stair chair
Sitting upright in a stair chair
What is the contraindication for the use of a scoop or orthopedic stretcher? A. Hip fracture B. Pelvic injury C. Internal injuries D. Spinal injury
Spinal injury
When a stretcher with a patient secured to it is elevated, what occurs? A. The stretcher is more stable and easily pushed. B. The center of gravity is raised and this causes a tip hazard. C. The patient feels more comfortable being at near normal height. D. The EMTs lessen the possibility of injury from being bent over the patient.
The center of gravity is raised and this causes a tip hazard.
Which of the following factors least needs to be considered before lifting any patient? A. Communications B. The weight of the patient C. Your physical limitations D. The distance to cover
The distance to cover
What is the likely impact of power stretchers on EMS? A. There will be an increase in the number of home health transfers. B. There will be a decrease in the number of injuries among EMTs. C. Insurance reimbursement will increase for ambulance services. D. There is no likely impact of power stretchers on EMS.
There will be a decrease in the number of injuries among EMTs.
The term body mechanics describes the proper use of your body to lift without injury. What are the three considerations to review before any lift? A. Equipment, patient injury, and communication B. Environment, physical limitations, and communication C. The object, patient injury, and communication D. The object, your limitations, and communication
The object, your limitations, and communication
How many rescuers are recommended in moving a patient with a stair chair? A. Two B. Three C. One D. Five
Three
Which of the following must be avoided in lifting? A. Moving the patient quickly B. Use of the arm muscles C. Use of the large muscles of your legs D. Twisting
Twisting
Which of the following is another name for an ambulance cot? A. Reeve's stretcher B. Stair chair C. Scoop stretcher D. Wheeled ambulance stretcher
Wheeled ambulance stretcher
