Chapter 3

Which of the following is an argument by Kantian philosophical traditions? People have responsibilities dependent on a core set of moral principles that go beyond those of narrow self-interest. A given act is morally correct if the ratio of benefit to harm is greater than the ratio resulting from an alternative act. In matters of action, the principles of initiating motives are the ends at which people's actions are aimed. A good individual does what is right for the right reasons and derives satisfaction from such actions because his or her character is rightly formed.

People have responsibilities dependent on a core set of moral principles that go beyond those of narrow self-interest.

Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), it is illegal for a U.S. firm and its managers to attempt to _____. encourage forms of "crony capitalism" in organizations increase wages and benefits of employees within a year of joining the firm influence officials from other countries via personal payments or political contributions reduce the availability of "fairly traded" products

influence officials from other countries via personal payments or political contributions

The thesis on the relationship between economic development and the quality of the natural environment is hypothesized by the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) to be represented as a(n) _____. straight line horizontal to the y-axis straight line horizontal to the x-axis inverted U-shape inverted S-shape

inverted U-shape

The study of morality and standards of conduct is known as _______________________.

Ethics

An organized social movement and market-based approach that aims to help producers in developing countries obtain better trading conditions and promote sustainability is known as _____________ ___________________.

Fair trade

Businesses and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) currently pursue the reduction of the availability of "fairly traded" products. True False

False

According to the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and the World Bank, intervention in child labor is necessary only when _____. children are below five years of age developmental welfare of a child is compromised family survival depends on all members working children are paid low wages

developmental welfare of a child is compromised

According to Aristotelian virtue ethics, which of the following statements are true? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. The individual is considered part of, rather than separate from, nature. A good, or virtuous, individual does what is right for the right reasons and gains satisfaction from such actions because his or her character is rightly formed. Without a fixed and habitual desire for the good, there is little incentive for good actions. A given act is morally correct if it maximizes utility, that is, if the ratio of benefit to harm is greater than the ratio resulting from an alternative act.

A good, or virtuous, individual does what is right for the right reasons and gains satisfaction from such actions because his or her character is rightly formed Without a fixed and habitual desire for the good, there is little incentive for good actions.

In the context of the involvement of multinational corporations (MNCs) and human rights, identify the true statements about China. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. All Uighur Muslims who were being held in re-education internment camps in China were released in 2018. China's human rights record has recently ceased to be a challenge for MNCs. Most MNCs continue their involvement in China despite various human rights violations. The Chinese government frequently detains human rights lawyers.

China's human rights record has recently ceased to be a challenge for MNCs. The Chinese government frequently detains human rights lawyers.

Match the standards of the International Labour Organization on child labor (in the left column) with their features (in the right column). Convention 182 on the worst forms of child labor - Convention 138 on minimum age- It has been ratified by 180 nations, with only India and a few Pacific island nations yet to endorse. It has seen less acceptance and remains yet to be ratified by nearly two dozen countries, such as the United States, India, and Australia.

Convention 182 on the worst forms of child labor - It has been ratified by 180 nations, with only India and a few Pacific island nations yet to endorse. Convention 138 on minimum age- It has seen less acceptance and remains yet to be ratified by nearly two dozen countries, such as the United States, India, and Australia.

Which of the following is the focus of Aristotelian virtue ethics? The concept of consequentialism Individuals' choices that imply a general rule that must be evaluated for its consistency as a universal law The concept of categorical imperative Core, individual actions and behaviors and how they express and build individual character

Core, individual actions and behaviors and how they express and build individual character

The system by which business corporations are directed and controlled is known as _________________ _________________.

Corporate Governance

What are the hypothetical reasons for the inverted U-shaped relationship between economic development and the quality of the natural environment in the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Income-driven alterations in the institutions that are required to internalize externalities Income-driven alterations in the composition of production and/or consumption Income-driven alterations in the execution of equal opportunity initiatives Income-driven alterations in the increasing returns to scale related to pollution abatement Income-driven alterations in the International Labour Organization's standards concerning child labor

Income-driven alterations in the composition of production and/or consumption Income-driven alterations in the institutions that are required to internalize externalities Income-driven alterations in the increasing returns to scale related to pollution abatement

Identify the true statements about the Integrative Social Contracts Theory (ISCT) of business ethics. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It allows considerable latitude for nations to create their unique concepts of fairness but draws the line at flagrant neglect of core human values. It fails to offer an approach to helping reconcile a fundamental contradiction in international business ethics. It attempts to navigate a moral position that forces decision makers to engage exclusively in relativism versus absolutism. It has faced criticisms for its inability to give precise guidance for managers under specific conditions.

It allows considerable latitude for nations to create their unique concepts of fairness but draws the line at flagrant neglect of core human values It has faced criticisms for its inability to give precise guidance for managers under specific conditions.

Identify the true statements about the corporate governance structure. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. It details the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants in a corporation. It gives the framework through which a firm's objectives are set and the means of achieving the objectives and monitoring performance. It primarily deals with environmental development that meets humanity's needs without harming future generations. It specifies the measures or methods that an organization adopts to reduce the availability of "fairly traded" products.

It details the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants in a corporation. It gives the framework through which a firm's objectives are set and the means of achieving the objectives and monitoring performance.

Identify a true statement about the Integrative Social Contracts Theory (ISCT) of business ethics. It fails to offer an approach to helping reconcile a fundamental contradiction in international business ethics It prohibits substantial latitude for nations and economic communities to develop their unique concepts of fairness. It tries to navigate a moral position that does not compel decision makers to engage exclusively in relativism versus absolutism. It is able to provide precise guidance for managers and employers under all possible conditions.

It tries to navigate a moral position that does not compel decision makers to engage exclusively in relativism versus absolutism.

In the context of offshore low-cost labor-intensive practices, identify the true statements about India. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. The firm Accenture currently has more than double the number of employees in India than it has in the United States. More than a third of the global information technology (IT) workforce is currently located in India. The firm IBM currently bases less than 30 percent of its employees in India. Labor costs currently in India are estimated to be almost equal to those in the United States.

More than a third of the global information technology (IT) workforce is currently located in India. The firm Accenture currently has more than double the number of employees in India than it has in the United States.

According to Kant, what is distinctive about rational beings? Rational beings base their actions on their self-interest. Rational beings' actions are always purpose driven. Rational beings are an intrinsic and inseparable part of the universe and are part of nature. Rational beings have the capacity to evaluate their choices through the lens of a universal law.

Rational beings have the capacity to evaluate their choices through the lens of a universal law.

Which of the following U.S. agencies is responsible for continually auditing the financial books of multinational corporations (MNCs)? The U.S. Census Bureau The U.S. Department of the Treasury The U.S. Department of Labor The U.S. Internal Revenue Service

The U.S. Internal Revenue Service

Which of the following refer to Kantian philosophy? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. The moral worth of an action does not depend on the effect expected from it, nor on any principle of action, which requires to borrow its motive from this expected effect. A given act is morally correct if it maximizes utility, that is, if the ratio of benefit to harm is greater than the ratio resulting from an alternative act. In matters of action, the principles of initiating motives are the ends at which people's actions are aimed. Individuals should consider their choices as implying a general rule that must be assessed for its consistency as a universal law.

The moral worth of an action does not depend on the effect expected from it, nor on any principle of action, which requires to borrow its motive from this expected effect. Individuals should consider their choices as implying a general rule that must be assessed for its consistency as a universal law..

Why do human rights issues present challenges for multinational corporations (MNCs)? There is presently no universally adopted standard of what represents acceptable behavior. Basic rights do not include a general ambiance of nondiscriminatory practices. There is no considerable subjectivity involved when listing all rights inherent to humanity. Basic rights do not include life and freedom from slavery or torture.

There is presently no universally adopted standard of what represents acceptable behavior.

Which of the following are the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. To legalize 10-hour working days in underdeveloped nations To diminish inequality within and among nations To ensure that all countries have access to the Internet To adopt urgent action to combat climate change and its effects

To diminish inequality within and among nations To adopt urgent action to combat climate change and its effects

Identify the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. To encourage sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth To eliminate poverty in all its forms everywhere To limit the subsidy for malaria combination treatment To improve the profit gains of multinational corporations (MNCs)

To encourage sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth To eliminate poverty in all its forms everywhere

Ethics is frequently a victim of subjectivity as it yields to the will of cultural relativism. True False

True

Firms like Accenture acquire a competitive advantage by offering low-cost services with labor costs in India at less than half of those in the United States. True False

True

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have encouraged multinational corporations (MNCs) to be increasingly responsive to the range of social needs in developing countries. True False

True

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is the division of the United Nations dedicated to the education, promotion, facilitation, and advocacy of sustainable practices and environmentally sound concerns. . True False

True

Which of the following financiers announced that they would no longer provide financing to coal-mining firms in both the developed and developing world in November 2015 on the opening day of the United Nations climate summit in Paris? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Wells Fargo Morgan Stanley Goldman Sachs Freddie Mac

Wells Fargo Morgan Stanley

Private, not-for-profit organizations that seek to serve society's interests by focusing on social, political, and economic issues such as poverty, social justice, education, health, and the environment are called ____________________ organizations (NGOs).

nongovernmental

After heavy lobbying from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), in August 2003, the U.S. pharmaceutical industry dropped its opposition to relaxation of intellectual property provisions under the World Trade Organization (WTO) to _____. produce generic, low-cost antiviral drugs available to developing countries facing health emergencies make high-cost antibiotic drugs available to developed countries facing health emergencies help the nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in increasing their profit gains by selling low-cost depressant drugs aid the nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in increasing their profit gains by selling high-cost stimulant drugs

produce generic, low-cost antiviral drugs available to developing countries facing health emergencies

The term ________________ refers to development that meets humanity's needs without harming future generations.

sustainability