Chapter 3
A client with a 28-day cycle reports that she ovulated on May 10. The nurse would expect the client's next menses to begin on: A)May 24 B)May 26 C)May 30 D)June 1
A For a woman with a 28-day cycle, ovulation typically occurs on day 14. Therefore, her next menses would begin 14 days later, on May 24.
When describing the ovarian cycle to a group of students, which phase would the instructor include? A)Luteal phase B)Proliferative phase C)Menstrual phase D)Secretory phase
A The ovarian cycle consists of three phases: the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase. The endometrial cycle includes the proliferative phase, menstrual phase, and secretory phase.
A nurse is caring for a client who is pregnant and states that her last menstrual period was April 1. Which of the following is the clients estimated date of delivery? A) January 8 B) January 15 C) February 8 D) February 15
A) January 8
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the male reproductive structures. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as accessory organs? (Select all that apply.) A)Testes B)Vas deferens C)Bulbourethral glands D)Prostate gland E)Penis
B,C,D The organs of the male reproductive system include the two testes (where sperm cells and testosterone are made), the penis, the scrotum, and the accessory organs (epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, urethra, bulbourethral glands, and prostate gland).
A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client who is in the first trimester of pregnancy. The clients health record includes this data: G3 T1 P0 A1 L1. How should the nurse interpret this information? (select all that apply) A) Client has delivered one new born at term B) Client has experienced no preterm labor C) Client has been through active labor D) Client has had two prior pregnancies E) Client has one living child
A) Client has delivered one newborn at term D) Client has had two prior pregnancies E) Client has one living child
A nurse is conducting a class for a group of teenage girls about female reproductive anatomy and physiology. Which of the following would the nurse include as an external female reproductive organ? Select all that apply. A)Mons pubis B)Labia C)Vagina D)Clitoris E)Uterus
A,B,D The external female reproductive organs collectively are called the vulva (which means "covering" in Latin). The vulva serves to protect the urethral and vaginal openings and is highly sensitive to touch to increase the female's pleasure during sexual arousal (Stables & Rankin, 2010). The structures that make up the vulva include the mons pubis, the labia majora and minora, the clitoris, the structures within the vestibule, and the perineum. The vagina and uterus are internal female reproductive organs.
When describing the male sexual response to a group of students, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when they identify emission as which of the following? A)Semen forced through the urethra to the outside B)Movement of sperm from the testes and fluid into the urethra C)Dilation of the penile arteries with increased blood flow to the tissues. D)Body's return to the physiologic nonstimulated state
B Emission refers to the movement of sperm from the testes and fluids from the accessory glands into the urethra, where it is mixed to form semen. As the urethra fills with semen, the base of the erect penis contracts, thus increasing pressure. This pressure forces the semen through the urethra to the outside (ejaculation). Dilation of the penile arteries with increased blood flow describes erection. The body's return to the physiologic nonstimulated state describes resolution.
When describing the menstrual cycle to a group of young women, the nurse explains that estrogen levels are highest during which phase of the endometrial cycle? A)Menstrual B)Proliferative C)Secretory D)Ischemic
B Estrogen levels are the highest during the proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle, when the endometrial glands enlarge in response to increasing amounts of estrogen. Progesterone is the predominant hormone of the secretory phase. Levels of estrogen and progesterone drop sharply during the ischemic phase and fall during the menstrual phase.
The nurse is preparing an outline for a class on the physiology of the male sexual response. Which event would the nurse identify as occurring first? A)Sperm emission B)Penile vasodilation C)Psychological release D)Ejaculation
B With sexual stimulation, the arteries leading to the penis dilate and increase blood flow into erectile tissue. Blood accumulates, causing the penis to swell and elongate. Sperm emission (movement of sperm from the testes and fluid from the accessory glands) occurs with orgasm. Orgasm results in a pleasurable feeling of physiologic and psychological release. Ejaculation results in the discharge of semen from the urethra.
After teaching a group of pregnant women about breast-feeding, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which hormone as important for the production of breast milk after childbirth? A)Placental estrogen B)Progesterone C)Gonadotropin-releasing hormone D)Prolactin
D After childbirth and expulsion of the placenta, prolactin stimulates the production of milk. Placental estrogen and progesterone stimulate the development of the mammary glands during pregnancy. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induces the release of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone to assist with ovulation.
The nurse is explaining the events that lead up to ovulation. Which hormone would the nurse identify as being primarily responsible for ovulation? A)Estrogen B)Progesterone C)Follicle-stimulating hormone D)Luteinizing hormone
D At ovulation, a mature follicle ruptures in response to a surge of luteinizing hormone. Estrogen is predominant at the end of the follicular phase, directly preceding ovulation. Progesterone peaks 5 to 7 days after ovulation. Follicle-stimulating hormone is highest during the first week of the follicular phase of the cycle.
A nursing instructor is describing the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle to a group of nursing students. The instructor determines the teaching was successful when the students identify follicle-stimulating hormone as being secreted by which of the following? A)Hypothalamus B)Anterior pituitary gland C)Ovaries D)Corpus luteum
B Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. The hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The ovaries secrete estrogen. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone.
A woman comes to the clinic for an evaluation. During the visit, the woman tells the nurse that her menstrual cycles have become irregular. "I've also been waking up at night feeling really hot and sweating." The nurse interprets these findings as which of the following? A)Menopause B)Perimenopause C)Climacteric D)Menarche
B Perimenopause is the time period occurring 2 to 8 years prior to menopause during which women may experience physical changes associated with decreasing estrogen levels, which may include vasomotor symptoms of hot flashes, irregular menstrual cycles, sleep disruptions, forgetfulness, irritability, mood disturbances, decreased vaginal lubrication, night sweats, fatigue, vaginal atrophy, and depression (Burbos & Morris, 2011). Vasomotor symptoms (hot flushes and night sweats) are the most common complaints for which women seek treatment. Menopause or climacteric is defined as 1 year without a menstrual period. Menarche refers to the onset of the first menses.
The nurse is assessing a 13-year-old girl who has had her first menses. Which of the following events would the nurse expect to have occurred first? A)Evidence of pubic hair B)Development of breast buds C)Onset of menses D)Growth spurt
B Pubertal events preceding the first menses have an orderly progression beginning with the development of breast buds, followed by the appearance of pubic hair, then axillary hair, then a growth spurt. Menses typically occurs about 2 years after the start of breast development.
A nurse is describing the structure and function of the reproductive system to an adolescent health class. The nurse describes the secretion of the seminal vesicles as which of the following? A)Mucus-like B)Alkaline C)Acidic D)Semen
B The paired seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline fluid that contains fructose and prostaglandins. The fructose supplies energy to the sperm on its journey to meet the ovum, and the prostaglandins assist in sperm mobility. The Cowper's glands secrete a mucus-like fluid. The vagina is an acidic environment. Semen refers to the sperm-containing fluid.
A woman comes to the clinic complaining of a vaginal discharge. The nurse suspects that the client has an infection. When gathering additional information, which of the following would the nurse be least likely to identify as placing the client at risk for an infection? A)Recent antibiotic therapy for an upper respiratory infection B)Last menstrual period about 5 days ago. C)Weekly douching D)Frequent use of feminine hygiene sprays.
B The vagina has an acidic environment, which protects it against ascending infections. Antibiotic therapy, douching, perineal hygiene sprays, and deodorants upset the acid balance within the vaginal environment and can predispose women to infections. Menstrual period about 5 days ago is not considered a risk factor.
The nurse is teaching a health education class on male reproductive anatomy and asks the students to identify the site of sperm production. Which structure, if identified by the group, would indicate to the nurse that the teaching was successful? A)Testes B)Seminal vesicles C)Scrotum D)Prostate gland
A The testes are responsible for sperm production. The seminal vesicles produce nutrient seminal fluid. The scrotum surrounds and protects the testes. The prostate gland and the seminal vesicles produce fluid to nourish the sperm.
A nurse is examining a female client and tests the client's vaginal pH. Which finding would the nurse interpret as normal? A)4.5 B)7 C)8.5 D)10
A The vagina has an acidic environment; therefore a pH of 4.5 would indicate an acidic environment. A pH of 7 is considered neutral; a pH above 7 is considered alkaline.
When describing the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle, a nurse identifies which hormone as responsible for initiating the cycle? A)Estrogen B)Luteinizing hormone C)Progesterone D)Prolactin
B With the initiation of the menstrual cycle, luteinizing hormone rises and stimulates the follicle to produce estrogen. As this hormone is produced by the follicle, estrogen levels rise inhibiting the output of LH. Ovulation occurs after an LH surge damages the estrogen-producing cells leading to a decline in estrogen. The LH surge results in the corpus luteum, which produces estrogen and progesterone. These two levels rise, suppressing LH. Lack of LH promotes degeneration of the corpus luteum, which then leads to a decline in estrogen and progesterone. The decline of ovarian hormones ends their negative effect on the secretion of LH, which is then secreted and the menstrual cycle begins again. Prolactin is the hormone responsible for breast milk production.
Nurse is reviewing the health record of a client who is pregnant. The provider indicated that client exhibits probable signs of pregnancy. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply) A) Montgomery's glands B) Goodell's signs C) Ballottement D) Chadwick sign E) Quickening
B) Goodell's sign C) Ballottement D) Chadwick sign
After teaching a group of students about female reproductive anatomy, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as the site of fertilization? A)Vagina B)Uterus C)Fallopian tubes D)Vestibule
C Fertilization occurs in the distal portion of the fallopian tubes. The lining of the uterus is shed with menstruation. The vagina connects the external genitalia to the uterus. The vestibule is an oval area enclosed by the labia minora laterally.
After teaching a group of adolescent girls about female reproductive development, the nurse determines that teaching was successful when the girls state that menarche is defined as a woman's first: A)Sexual experience B)Full hormonal cycle C)Menstrual period D)Sign of breast development
C Menarche is defined as the establishment of menstruation. It does not refer to the woman's first sexual experience, full hormonal cycle, or sign of breast development.
Which female reproductive tract structure would the nurse describe to a group of young women as containing rugae that enable it to dilate during labor and birth? A)Cervix B)Fallopian tube C)Vagina D)Vulva
C The vagina is a tubular, fibromuscular organ lined with mucous membrane that lies in a series of transverse folds called rugae. These rugae allow for extreme dilation of the canal during labor and birth. The cervix, the lower portion of the uterus, is composed of fibrous connective tissue that dilates during labor. The fallopian tube transports the ovum from the ovary to the uterus. The vulva is a collective term used to refer to the external female reproductive organs (mons pubis, labia majora and minora, clitoris, vestibular structures, and perineum).
A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a client who is pregnant and experiencing episodes of maternal hypotension. The client asked the nurse what causes these episodes. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A) This is due to an increase in blood volume. B) This is due to pressure from the uterus on the diaphragm. C) This is due to the weight of the uterus on the vena cava. D) This is due to increased cardiac output.
C) This is due to the weight of the uterus on the vena cava
A woman comes to the clinic complaining that she has little sexual desire. As part of the client's evaluation, the nurse would anticipate the need to evaluate which hormone level? A)Progesterone B)Estrogen C)Gonadotropin-releasing hormone D)Testosterone
D Testosterone is needed to stimulate sexual desire in women. Thus, an evaluation of this level would be done. Progesterone is often called the hormone of pregnancy because of its calming effect (reduction in uterine contractions) on the uterus, allowing pregnancy to be maintained. Estrogen is the predominant hormone at the end of the follicular phase. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induces the release of FSH and LH to assist with ovulation.
The nurse is creating a diagram that illustrates the components of the male reproductive system. Which structure would be inappropriate for the nurse to include as an accessory gland? A)Seminal vesicles B)Prostate gland C)Cowper's glands D)Vas deferens
D The vas deferens is part of the ductal system of the male reproductive system responsible for transporting sperm from the epididymis. Accessory glands include the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper's or bulbourethral glands.
A nurse in a clinic receives a phone call from a client who believes she in pregnant and would like to be tested in the clinic to confirm her pregnancy. Which of the following information should the nurse provide to the client? A) You should wait until 4 weeks after conception to be tested. B) You should be off any medications for 24 hours prior to the test. C) You should be NPO for at least 8 hours prior to the test. D) You should collect urine from the first morning void.
D) You should collect urine form the first morning void