Chapter 3

When caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a chronic illness, the nurse understands the importance of promoting health by highlighting which concept?

Focus on what is possible.

A nurse working in a primary care facility assesses patients who are experiencing various levels of health and illness. Which statements define these two concepts? Select all that apply. a. Health and illness are the same for everyone b. Health and illness are individually defined by each person. c.People with acute illnesses are actually healthy. d.People with chronic illnesses have poor health beliefs. e.Health is more than the absence of illness. f. Illness is the response of a person to disease.

Health and illness are the same for everyone b, e, f

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?

It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and associated pleuritic chest pain. Which would be a priority when creating the nursing care plan?

Monitoring airway clearance.

A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD, a chronic illness of the lungs. The client is in remission. Which statement best describes a period of remission in a client with a chronic illness?

Symptoms are not experienced.

The nurse is addressing primary prevention with a group of college students. Which promotional statement by the nurse would be the best example of a developmentally appropriate discussion?

Use of condoms can help prevent sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy.

The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model?

What people believe to be true about their health

A nurse working in a hospital setting cares for patients with acute and chronic conditions. Which disease states are chronic illnesses? Select all that apply. a.Diabetes mellitus b.Bronchial pneumonia c.Rheumatoid arthritis d.Cystic fibrosis e.Fractured hip f.Otitis media

a, b, c, d

A nurse incorporates concepts from current models of health when providing health promotion classes for patients. What is a key concept of both the health-illness continuum and the high-level wellness models? a. Illness as a fixed point in time b. The importance of family c. Wellness as a passive state d. Health as a constantly changing state

d. health as a constantly changing state

The nurse uses the agent-host-environment model of health and illness to assess diseases in patients. This model is based on what concept? a. Risk factors b. Demographic variables c.Behaviors to promote health d.Stages of illness

d. risk factors

A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, with a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomenon?

exacerbation

Illness is a medical term meaning that there is a pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind.

false answer: disease

The agent--host--environment model of health views health as a constantly changing state, with high-level wellness and death being on opposite ends of a scale.

false answer: health illness continuum

health promotion model

how people interact with their environment as they pursue health

chronic illness is a ____ illness that causes permanent physical impairment and requires long-term health care

irreversible

how is public health determined?

morbidity (how often disease occurs) and mortality (how often death occurs)

A family history of cancer is considered a _______________ risk factor for illness.

non-modifiable

The nurse is preparing to talk to a local community group regarding chronic illness. The nurse informs the group that both external and internal factors influence a person's health. When discussing the fact that the male client has a higher chance of developing lung cancer due to his gender, which dimension is the nurse referring to?

physical dimension

A nurse is immunizing children against measles. This is an example of what level of preventive care?

primary

Chronic illnesses usually have a slow onset and many have periods of ____________ (when the disease is present, but the person does not experience symptoms).

remission

illness is the _____ of a person to _____.

response; disease

Physical therapy after a stroke is an example of the ________________ level of preventive care.

tertiary

An example of a health disparity is the higher incidence of diabetes in the African American and Hispanic populations compared to the White population.

true

Diet, exercise, and weight loss are three examples of primary health promotion.

true

health-illness continuum

visual representation to assess clients, represents health as a dynamic process. Includes high level wellness on one end and death at the other

health belief model

what people believe to be true about their health

exacerbation

when symptoms reappear

Agent-Host-Environment Model

views the interaction between an external agent, a susceptible host, and the environment as causes of disease in a person

Which are characteristics of chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)

-Are rarely curable -Require lifelong management -Have a prolonged course

A hospital nurse assesses clients in various stages of illness. Which statements accurately describe client responses to illness based on Suchman's stages of illness? Select all that apply.

-In stage 2, most people focus on their symptoms and bodily functions. -When help from a health care provider is sought, the person becomes a client and enters stage 3, assuming a dependent role. -In stage 1, pain is the most significant symptom indicating illness, although other symptoms, such as a rash, fever, bleeding, or cough, may be present

A nurse is performing health promotion activities for clients at a local health care clinic. Which nursing actions exemplify the focus of secondary preventive care? Select all that apply.

-Screening clients for hypertension -Scheduling a mammogram for a client -Referring a client to family counseling

What is the definition of wellness?

An active state of being healthy

Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of health care?

Secondary care

A nurse working in a long-term care facility personally follows accepted guidelines for a healthy lifestyle. How does this nurse promote health in the residents of this facility? a. By being a role model for healthy behaviors b. By not requiring sick days from work c. By never exposing others to any type of illness d. By budgeting time and resources efficiently

a. role model of healthy behaviors

Nurses perform health promotion activities at a primary, secondary, or tertiary level. Which nursing actions are considered tertiary health promotion? Select all that apply. a.A nurse runs an immunization clinic in the inner city. b.A nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb. c.A nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for a paralyzed patient. d.A nurse teaches parents of toddlers how to childproof their homes. e.A school nurse provides screening for scoliosis for the students. f.A nurse teaches new parents how to choose and use an infant car seat.

b, c

Despite a national focus on health promotion, nurses working with patients in inner-city clinics continue to see disparities in health care for vulnerable populations. Which patients are considered vulnerable populations? Select all that apply. a.A White male diagnosed with HIV b.An African American teenager who is 6 months pregnant c.A Hispanic male who has type II diabetes d.A low-income family living in rural America e.A middle-class teacher living in a large city f.A White baby who was born with cerebral palsy

b, c, d, f

A patient in a community health clinic tells the nurse, "I have a high temperature, feel awful, and I am not going to work." What stage of illness behavior is the patient exhibiting? a.Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms b.Stage 2: Assuming the sick role c.Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role d.Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation

b. stage 2: assuming the sick role

__________ and _______ influence a persons behavior to health and illness.

basic human needs; health dimensions

A nurse has volunteered to give influenza immunizations at a local clinic. What level of care is the nurse demonstrating? a.Tertiary b.Secondary c.Primary d.Promotive

c. primary

Based on the components of the physical human dimension, the nurse would expect which clinic patient to be most likely to have annual breast examinations and mammograms? a. Jane, whose best friend had a benign breast lump removed b.Sarah, who lives in a low-income neighborhood c.Tricia, who has a family history of breast cancer d.Nancy, whose family encourages regular physical examinations

c. tricia who has a family history

Illnesses defined as ___________ are the leading health problem in the world today.

chronic

illnesses can be classified as?

chronic or acute

What is a misconception about chronic disease?

Chronic illnesses cannot be prevented.

Which lifestyle factor is associated with an increased risk for chronic diseases?

smoking

A person's economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture are components of the _________________ human dimension.

sociocultural

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. This admission is the client's third admission within 90 days. The nurse educates the client with the goal of preventing readmission. Which nursing activity for this client would represent tertiary level prevention?

teaching about a low sodium diet

Each person defines health in terms of one's own values and beliefs.

true