Chapter 3

What did initiates into greek mystery cults generally hope to obtain?

B) secret knowledge and divine protection

Athen's wealth during the Golden Age largely derived from

B) taxes and trade and Delian League dues

which of the following was one of the educational traditions of the golden age Athens

A) A mentor protege relationship whereby a male adolescent would learn from an older man by accompanying him In the corse of his public functions, athletic exercises, and social interactions

How did golden age comedies differ from tragedies?

A) Comedies were openly critical and contemporary people and policies

What finally convinced Sparta to send Athens an ultimatum demanding that it curtail its aggressive foreign policy?

A) Corinth, a spartan ally, threatened to ally itself with Athens if Sparta did not intervene on its behalf to prevent future athenian aggression

How did the fifth century Sophist Protagoras offend many athenians?

A) He insisted that absolute truth did not exist because very issue had two irreconcilable sides

Athens met with disaster when its generals attempted to conquer Sparta's allies in

A) Sicily

Important discussions about politics, philosophy, and social matters

A) Symposia

The Parthenon's frieze athenian confidence because it portrays

A) The athenians in the presence of the gods

Why did Athens attract more sophists than other similarly sized greek city states?

A) The demand was greater in Athens, since aspiring politicians needed training in rhetoric that the sophists offered to advance in Athens democracy

Why do historians consider the greek victory over the far more numerous Persians during the great Persian invasion of 480-479 BCE to have been truly remarkable?

A) The greeks so valued their political freedom that they joined forces to preserve it

What farsighted leader convinced the Athenians to invest their resources of precious metals int he navy and later led Athens during the great Persian invasion of Greece?

A) Themistocles

greek warships propelled by 170 rowers on three levels and equipped with a battering ram at bow were known as

A) Triremes

Pericles a skilled orator and leading athenian democrat, made a major blunder in the late 450's BCE when he urged to Athens to

A) Use the Athenian fleet to support an uprising in Egypt against the Persians

In greek tragedies, leading characters, usually the high and mighty, suffered reversal of fortune because of hubris , a greek term for

A) Violent arrogance

The history of the Peloponnesian war, the greek historian Thucydides broke with tradition by?

A) describing the moral failures and miscalculations of the greeks

The Delian League ensured that its members were protected from Persian attack but aroused the anger of any of its smaller members because Athens

B) used its control of the league fleet t coerce dues from weaker members

Golden Age sculptors shattered traditions from the archaic age not only by creating realistic and perfectly formed bodies, but also by

B) Depicting their subjects in a state of movement

What did the athenians do that so enraged the Persian king Darius 1?

B) The Athenians aided the greek Ionian city states in their uprising against their Persian overlords.

How did athenians traditionally justify restricting women's freedom of movement?

B) They insisted that women needed to be protected from seducers and rapists

How did the performance of the greek tragedies in ancient Athen differ from most performances today?

B) They took place during the daytime in a an outdoor theature

What was Pericles strategy for defeating the superior spartan army?

B) To avoid land battles whenever possible while attacking Sparta and its allies by sea

A philosopher friend of Pericles who argues that the sun was not a god, and another who believed that all matter consisted of tiny particle sin constant motion,

B) distributed athenians because both were prominent sophists

The majority of Athens population consisted of

B) individuals who lacked political rights

Greeks in search of personal religion that addressed both life on earth and the after life joined

B) mystery cults such as the cult of Demeter

What percentage of athenian population of 250,000 during Pericles time do historians estimate were slaves

C) 40 percent

How did Pericles make citizenship more exclusive?

C) By granting citizenship only to those children whose mother and father were both Athenian by birth

Whose The Histories depicted the Persian Wars as a clash between East and West?

C) Herodotus of Halicarnassus

What greek physician was regarded as a pioneer in using clinical observation to make medical diagnoses and may have been the author of the view that the human body consists of four hunger, or fluids?

C) Hippocrates

Aspasia of Miletus exhibited so much knowledge and brilliance that which high ranking athenian politician wished to marry?

C) Pericles

Why did the Persians believe that the Athenians had agreed to behave as loyal Persians subjects?

C) The Athenian diplomats offered the Persians tokens that signified Athens submission to Persian authority.

Why did some Athenians criticize democracy and argue in favor of an oligarchy?

C) They worried that the poor, who lacked proper education and moral values, would exploit majority majority rule to pass laws against the wealthy

Who were the sophists?

C) Traveling teachers who for a fee taught students philosophy and rhetoric

Aristophanes, and athenian playwright whose comedies made harsh references to prominent letters,

C) Won a lawsuit field against him by a major athenian political figure who disliked the way he was portrayed in one of Aristophanes comedies.

What does "the socratic method" refer to?

C) a skeptical attitude toward traditional religions

Aristophanes comedy Lysistrata portrayed women seizing the initiative and acting against men in order to

C) end the Peloponnesian war and restore ordinary life

Greek tragedies played a significant role in greek society by

C) illustrating conflicts and moral dilemmas that pertained to the society of citizens in a city state

When the thirty tyrants were overthrown in 403 BCE the athenians restored their democracy and

C) proclaimed an amnesty to prevent further civil disorder

Why have historians described the democracy created in mid fifth century Athens under Pericles as radical?

D) All citizens regardless of wealth enjoyed equal protection under the law because the court system was removed from elite control.

Which athenian dramatist satirized the sophists for making "the weaker argument stronger"?

D) Aristophanes

Socrates was the first philosopher in Ancient Greece to?

D) Make ethics and morality the main focus of his teachings

What was the term used for foreigners who received permanent residence status in exchange for paying taxes and serving in the military

D) Metics

According to Thucydides, what reason did Pericles offer for rejecting Sparta's ultimatum?

D) Pericles argued that giving in to spartan demand would be a sign of weakness and would only encourage Sparta to take further advantage of Athens

What was one of Pericles most important democratic innovations?

D) Providing a modest salary any officeholder selected by lottery, thus enabling even poor men to serve as public officials

Why were the greeks able to defeat the Persian fleet in the battle of Salamis in 480 BCE?

D) The greeks forced the Persians to fight I a narrow straight btwn the island of Salamis and the coast, where their sturdier ships rammed th flimsier Persian ships.

Historians refer to the period from around 500 to around 400 BCE as the golden age of Greece because during this period

D) The greeks out forward innovations in architecture, sculpture, drama, and philosophy.

What finally led to athenian defeat and the conclusion of the Peloponnesian War?

D) The spartans enlisted the help of the Persians to build a navy that could force the athenians to surrender.

How did ordinary male citizens contribute to the development of Athenian radical democracy?

D) They pressed for judicial reform and treatment under the law

the procedure known as ostracism in fifth century BCE Athens served as a safeguard against which of the following?

D) despotism by any individual who hd become so popular that he might overthrow the democracy

After the Persian wars, a formal defensive alliance that included city states in northern Greece,on the Aegean islands, and along the Ionian coast

became the basis for the Athenian empire, because Athens required the other member city states to fund warships built and manned by Athenians