Chapter 3

A sentence of exactly five years in prison is an example of a(n):

Flat sentence

The use of individual punishment to dissuade others from committing crimes is called general deterrence.

True

The idea that actions are motivated primarily by a desire to experience pleasure and avoid pain is called general deterrence.

False

The philosophy of deterrence holds that offenders are morally blameworthy.

False

The _____ is a law that allows a person's criminal history to be considered at sentencing or makes it possible for a person convicted of a given offense and previously convicted of another specified offense to receive a more severe penalty than that for the current offense alone.

Habitual offender statute

The expression "an eye for an eye" refers to:

Retribution

A punishment must be _____ in order to serve as effective deterrence.

Severe, swifts, and certain

The discouragement or prevention of crimes through the fear of punishment is called:

deterrence

According to Cullen and Gendreau, rehabilitation:

fails when it's ill-conceived and/or not implemented as designed.

A sentence in which a judge specifies a maximum length and a minimum length and an administrative agency determines the actual time of release is called a(n) _____.

indeterminate sentence

The imposition of sentences required by statute for those convicted of a particular crime or a particular crime with special circumstances is called:

mandatory minimum sentencing.

Sentences that are required by law under certain circumstances are referred to as:

mandatory sentences.

The process of changing criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by "correcting" the behavior of offenders through treatment, education, and training is called:

rehabilitation

Legislatively approved provisions that mandate longer prison terms for specific criminal offenses committed under certain circumstances are called _____.

sentencing enhancements

If you punish a person seeking to change that person's behavior, it is called:

specific deterrence.

The idea that actions are motivated primarily by a desire to experience pleasure and avoid pain is called:

the pleasure-pain principle.

Statutes that impose mandatory prison sentences, generally a life sentence, on those convicted of an offense if they have been previously convicted of two prior serious criminal offenses are called _____.

three-strikes laws