Chapter 3 & 15 Review Set

What is a macroculture?

A shared /national culture of a society(page 85)

What is twice-exceptional?

A student that is gifted but has a disability. However, for educators it makes it hard to diagnosis the students correctly, when both these characteristics are present; sometimes one will over shadow the other one more, making it hard to get the correct help for the student(page 574).

Are all test bias?

All test are bias in some degree; test scores are frequently rendered suspect and may not reflect an accurate appraisal of the student's ability or skill (page 96)

What are a few strategies for effective teaching and learning?(Assessing Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Pupils)

An assessment should be given to students in both their native language and in English before being given any other test. Educators should use evaluation techniques that are unbiased. Schools should included information from student's teachers, parents, the teacher and the student( page 98)

tiered assignments

An instructional strategy that allows teachers to teach the same lesson to students with different levels of variability to provide appropriate levels of challenge(page 561).

What are the eight different intelligences?

Bodily/kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, logical/mathematical, musical/rhythmic, naturalist, verbal/linguistic, and visual/spatial(pages 97-98)

What is the prevalence of gifted children as believed by educators? By professionals? By the council of State Directors of Programs for the Gifted?

Educators believe 3-5%, professionals believe 10-15%, and the Council of State Directors of Programs for the Gifted believe 6% (3 million) (pages 554-555)

What is microculture?

Is a distinct subculture within a larger culture (page 85)

What is differentiation? Why is it important?

Is a modification of the curriculum that enables students who are gifted to learn at a level appropriate to their ability and level of readiness. Not all children learn at the same pace. So when speaking for gifted students, it is to remove the ceiling from learning. These students need to learn challenging content to continue to learn throughout the year(page 559).

What is curriculum compacting?

Is an instructional technique whereby the time spent on academic subjects is reduced to allow enrichment activities or more in-depth learning about a specific topic(page 559)

Cultural pluralism

Is the practice of appreciating and respecting ethnic and cultural differences. This is change that took place in the 1960's where as prior to the schools were trying to require cultural groups to get rid of their cultural heritage (page 82).

What is bilingual education, and the importance?

It is defined as education strategy whereby students whose first language is not English and they ae instructed primarily through their native language while developing a proficiency In English(page 83). It is important for educators to try their very best to communicate, and assist students that are English language learners. Teachers may help students by speaking their native Language. However, if the teacher can't she can use other tools like visuals and resources as well.

What is acceleration, and the benefits students may have.

It matches learning opportunities to the readiness of the student to learn at challenging levels. It is for students that are well above their level and read at an advanced level that is required(page 564). It has been proven that the students in acceleration have positive results. For example, they have greater academic achievements, they tend to enjoy school.

What is a portfolio assessment?

It's a performance-based assessment that focuses on the pupils learning over time, through different samples of their work. This assessment gives a better understanding of a pupil's work and how they are understanding the information, and what areas are their strengthens verses their weakness(page 98).

Are minority groups overrepresented or underrepresented in special education?

Minority groups are overrepresented in special education. However, in gifted programs, Asian and Pacific Islanders are overrepresented while other minority groups, such as African American, Native American, and Hispanic/Latinos are underrepresented(page 89).

What group of students are underrepresented in special education programs?

Minority groups. This "has been a pressing and volatile concern of educators for more than four decades" (Gargiulo and Bouck, 2018, page 89).

What rules should a school establish to perform a screen test to a gifted child?

Non biased Measures should be used, taking into consideration, ethnicity, culture, disabilities and environmental influences, gender, and economic conditions. Assessment should be made in the language in which the student is fluent. (page 549)

What is off-level testing designed to do? Who is it intended for?

Off level testing is intended for older children and it assesses the giftedness that a child may have in a specific academic area (page 548).

What is problem-based learning?

Problem-based learning is an instructional approach in which authentic problems having multiple solutions are addressed through the application of critical thinking skills. In this approach students are asked to solve real world problems in which there is no one answer but many different approaches. Students are usually highly motivated and engaged in their won learning and teachers work as tutors, challenging their students thinking(page 561)

How does socioeconomic status effect educational placement in schools?

Socioeconomic status effects educational placement in schools by creating over-representation of minorities in the special education programs in schools. "Poverty often means limited access to health care(especially prenatal care), poor nutrition, and adverse living conditions. All of these variables increase the probability of a child being at risk for learning and developmental difficulties"(page 92).

How should teachers best measure leadership?

Teachers should attempt to not only measure their students learning but they should also allow their students to contribute to this as well. For example, "Self-nomination through a portfolio can be coupled with peer nomination. Identifying leadership potential is important in order to match leadership opportunities with young people ready to develop their leadership skills(page 549).

Five main categories that a gifted child might be recognized as gifted in?

Visual/Performing Arts: A child who is exceptionally talented in art, music, dance and/or drama. Leadership: A child who has noteworthy charisma. They can initiate activities and make decisive decisions. They will be sought after to lead projects and play. Creative Thinking: These children are exceptional in seeing the world in their way. They can vivid imaginations and high level of energy. General Intellectual Ability: These children have a predisposition for learning: A large vocabulary and an exceptional memory will make them very curious of the world around them. Specific Academic Ability: This child could be gift in mathematics but be at grade level for reading, or vice versa. They require little to no time to understand concepts in their gifted area (pages 555-557)

How do we define culture and how is it reflected?

We define culture as the attitudes, values, beliefs systems, norms, and traditions shared by a particular group of people collectively from their heritage. It is reflected in language, religion, dress, diet, social customs, and other aspects of a particular lifestyle points out that culture also includes the way particular groups of people interpret the world; it provides individuals with a frame of reference or perspective for attaching meaning to specific events or situations, such as the value or purpose of education of a child with a disability(pages 82-83)

multicultural education

is a controversial and ambiguous concept that deals with race, language, social class, culture, disability and gender. This seems to cover all the ways that an individual can differ from one another. This type of education focuses on the cultural value of the individual as positive differentiation(page 83)

What are 3 characteristics of students who ae gifted or talented?

1. The degree or intensity of an academic/learning characteristic or social and emotional characteristics that is higher that most students. 2. Exceptional talent in one or more academic areas (math, science, language arts, writing, etc.) 3. Exceptionally creativity (page 556) displaying unusual ideas, vivid imaginations, high levels of energy, may become bored easily with routine activities. Risk taskers and can handle ambiguity. (pages 555-556)