Chapter 3 Educational Psychology Quiz

77. Parenting styles are different with respect to the degree of control that parents exert over their children. Which parenting style exerts the most control over their children?

Authoritarian

30. Which of the following best describes character education?

Direct approach of teaching basic moral literacy through instruction and example

7. Children of authoritarian parents tend to be self-reliant and have high self-esteem.

False

41. Isaac, an adolescent, enjoys music and has always done well in math and science. He has explored career options in music, math, and science. After his extensive research, talking with counselors, and meeting with people employed in each field, Isaac has decided to pursue a career in statistics. Which of the following labels best describes Isaac's identity status?

Identity achievement

26. Which of the following statements is true about the domain theory of moral development?

It states that children's social conventions emerge from their attempts to deal with different forms of social experience.

39. Robby cheated on a math test by stealing the answers from his teacher's desk. The teacher realizes that someone stole the answers from her desk. She asks students in her fourth-grade math class if they know who did it. Several of them stand up and announce to the class that they saw Robby take the answers from her desk. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the children are most likely at the _____ stage of moral development.

social systems morality

19. A criticism of the values clarification approach is that it:

undermines accepted values and fails to stress morally correct behavior.

72. Researchers who study peer relations among children have noted that popular children typically display which of the following characteristics?

They show concern for others.

10. Friendships influence children's attitudes toward school and how successful they are in the classroom.

True

12. According to Lawrence Kohlberg, children and adolescents often adopt their parents' moral standards at the mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity stage of moral development.

True

2. In the context of Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, the chronosystem refers to a student's sociohistorical conditions, such as whether he or she attended preschool.

True

3. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory has been instrumental in bringing to attention the importance of looking at children's lives in more than one setting.

True

8. Coparenting is the support that parents provide to one another in jointly raising a child.

True

9. The Montessori approach is a philosophy of education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities.

True

47. _____ is Erikson's first psychosocial stage of development.

Trust vs Mistrust

48. According to Erikson's stages of human development, when does an individual undergo the stage of identity versus identity confusion?

When the individual is in his or her adolescent years

11. In the United States, females are as likely as males to drop out of high school.

False

13. According to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, preconventional reasoning is the highest level of reasoning.

False

14. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, for an individual at the conventional reasoning stage, morality is completely internalized and not based on external standards.

False

4. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory has been instrumental in bringing to attention the importance of biological and cognitive factors in children's development.

False

65. Which of the following statements best describes neglectful parenting?

Parents are uninvolved with their children and place few limits or restrictions.

68. Which of the following statements best describes the characteristics of children who are raised by authoritarian parents?

They are anxious about social comparison, fail to initiate activity, and have poor communication skills.

66. Which of the following statements best describes the characteristics of children who are raised by neglectful parents?

They have poor self-control and do not handle independence well.

23. By _____, most children accurately identify emotions that are produced by challenging circumstances and describe strategies they might call on to cope with everyday stress.

5 years of age

21. Which of the following is an example of service learning?

A student volunteers to nurse patients in a hospital.

70. Throughout elementary school, children in divorced families have the highest achievement and fewest problems when both the parenting environment and the school environment are which of the following?

Authoritative

79. Kenya's parents encourage her to be independent but also place some restrictions on her behavior. They place limits on her, such as curfew, homework hour, dinnertime, and bedtime. Which parenting style are Kenya's parents exhibiting?

Authoritative

74. Which of the following is a theme of developmentally appropriate education?

Children are active learners and should be encouraged to explore the world around them.

34. Which of the following individuals is at Kohlberg's social systems morality stage of moral reasoning?

Don obeys his teacher because the rules of the school are that all students must obey the teachers. As a student, he has a duty to obey his teacher.

51. During which of Erikson's stages of human development is a person expected to focus his or her efforts on transmitting something positive to the next generation?

Generativity versus stagnation

64. Which of the following statements best describes indulgent parenting?

Parents are highly involved with their children but place few limits or restrictions.

41. Isaac, an adolescent, enjoys music and has always done well in math and science. He has explored career options in music, math, and science. After his extensive research, talking with counselors, and meeting with people employed in each field, Isaac has decided to pursue a career in statistics. Which of the following labels best describes Isaac's identity status?

Identity Achievement

76. Some experts worry that emphasizing academic skills in early childhood education programs will result in which of the following?

Increased pressure on young children to achieve

78. Sam, a student in your class, is in danger of failing math because he never does his homework. When Sam's parents come in for a conference, you explain the situation and show them his homework record. Sam's parents act shocked by the news. They then begin to accuse you of assigning too much homework for a child in the third grade. Sam's mom says, "You know a teacher should not have to make up with homework what is not done during the class time. Sam says that you spend too much time playing around instead of teaching. He should not be held responsible for your inadequate teaching." Which parenting style are Sam's parents exhibiting?

Indulgent

82. Keisha's parents are highly involved with her and her two sisters. They all have televisions in their rooms, have the latest music and games, and have their way when it comes to family activities. Keisha's parents place few limits or restrictions on their behavior. What type of parenting style are Keisha's parents demonstrating?

Indulgent

49. According to Erikson, during the ages of approximately 3 to 5 years, a child is in which of the following stages of development?

Initiative versus guilt

69. Which of the following countries has the lowest percentage of single-parent families?

Japan

29. Who developed a theory of moral development according to which internalization plays a key role in the development process of people?

Lawrence Kohlberg

59. Chase's mom thinks it's better to let her infant son cry for a while before attending to his needs so that he does not become spoiled. According to Erikson's life-span development theory, if an infant thinks that his needs may or may not be met, he or she will likely develop which of the following traits?

Mistrust

78. Sam, a student in your class, is in danger of failing math because he never does his homework. When Sam's parents come in for a conference, you explain the situation and show them his homework record. Sam's parents act shocked by the news. They then begin to accuse you of assigning too much homework for a child in the third grade. Sam's mom says, "You know a teacher should not have to make up with homework what is not done during the class time. Sam says that you spend too much time playing around instead of teaching. He should not be held responsible for your inadequate teaching." Which parenting style are Sam's parents exhibiting?

NOT: Authoritarian

83. Mr. and Mrs. Thezal believe that for their children to be self-sufficient and have high self-esteem they must be very strict with them and place tough rules for misbehavior. What type of parenting style are Mr. and Mrs. Thezal demonstrating?

NOT: Authoritative

32. Which of the following is a teaching strategy for improving children's self-esteem?

NOT: Provide emotional support and social approval.

60. Cecilia's mother volunteers to help other students in Cecilia's class. She participates in classroom activities three times a week. Cecilia's father is on the school advisory committee that discusses important connections between the school and the families. According to Bronfenbrenner, Cecilia's connections with others demonstrate the:

NOT: microsystem OR exosystem

80. Barry's teacher notices that Barry displays poor self-control and does not handle independence well. Which of the following parenting styles do Barry's parents most likely have?

Neglectful

27. According to the domain theory of moral development, unlike conventional rules, moral rules are:

Obligatory

58. According to Erikson's life-span development theory, if a toddler is punished harshly, he or she will likely develop which of the following traits?

Shame

75. Which of the following best describes the curriculum controversy in early childhood education?

Some educators advocate a child-centered, constructivist approach, while others advocate an academic, direct-instruction approach.

44. Which of the following provides the best example of how the macrosystem, as described by Bronfenbrenner, influences education?

Students from ethnic minorities are given adequate transportation facilities to reach the school.

35. Which of the following individuals is at Kohlberg's social contract stage of moral reasoning?

Sylvia obeys her teacher because she understands that the only way a classroom and a school can run effectively is if all students behave appropriately.

40. Which of the following statements best describes a student with identity foreclosure?

The student has accepted someone else's idea for a career path and made a commitment toward that goal.

28. In the context of prosocial behavior, _____ is an unselfish interest in helping another person.

altruism

63. Children whose parents are _____ often behave in socially competent ways.

authoritative

52. At the _____ stage of Erikson's psychosocial stages of human development, infants begin to discover that their behavior is their own.

autonomy versus shame and doubt

17. Persistent low self-esteem is linked with all of the following except:

high achievement

71. Recent studies show that participation in extracurricular activities is linked to all of the following except:

higher rates of substance abuse.

54. Julie is not sure about which college to choose for her economics course. She does not know whether she would like to stay away from home. She is also unsure whether she would want to share her room with someone she knows. According to Erikson's life-span development theory, Julie is at the _____ stage of human development.

identity versus identity confusion

55. Ms. Nolen has Mia, one of her students, stay after class so that she can speak to her about Mia's recent essay. Ms. Nolen noticed that in her essay on the topic of future careers, Mia varied from aspiring to becoming a financial consultant, to a school principal, to a nurse, to the manager of a pet shop. According to Erikson's life-span development theory, Mia is at the _____ stage of human development.

identity versus identity confusion

38. Denisha notices that Kylov forgot to bring his crayons to class. Denisha offers to lend Kylov her green crayon, which is her least favorite, if he agrees to switch his seat with her so that she can sit next to her best friend. This is an example of Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development.

individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange

62. Kenny lives in the United States. His friend, with whom he chats on the Internet, lives in a culture in which men and women have traditional gender roles. Kenny's friend is very surprised to hear that Kenny's mom goes to work and that his dad stays at home with the children. According to Bronfenbrenner, this scenario demonstrates the:

macrosystem

22. An important goal of service learning is to:

motivate students to help others.

56. At the initiative versus guilt stage of Erikson's life-span development theory, children learn to:

plan and carry out some of their own activities.

73. In the United States, Project Head Start was designed to:

provide an opportunity for young children from low-income families to acquire skills to help them succeed in school.

25. The domain theory of moral development advocates that:

social conventional reasoning is not lower than postconventional reasoning.