Chapter 3

With respect to the evaluation of Piaget's theory, contemporary research has revealed that:

Piaget's sequence of cognitive development is valid across many cultures.

The brain becomes fully mature by:

emerging adulthood.

Research has shown that among American couples that live together before marriage, there are:

higher rates of divorce.

Whereas the study of attachment style is associated with _____, the study of parenting style is associated with _____.

Ainsworth; Baumrind

Allan is 35. Beryl is 50. Callie is 63. Which of these individuals is middle-aged?

Beryl and Callie are middle-aged, whereas Allan is not.

Chromosomes are composed of _____, which are composed of _____.

DNA; genes

Dr. Murphy studies a group of schoolchildren and follows their progress through college. Dr. Murphy is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

Developmental

The correct order of prenatal development is zygote, embryo, and _____.

Fetus

_____ are the biochemical units of heredity that make up chromosomes.

Genes

Nadine hears a television talk-show guest remark that "A baby's mother provides it with food, and that's the basis for attachment." Nadine immediately realizes that this statement is FALSE, because she is familiar with:

Harlow's work with monkeys.

The process of developing a sense of _____ during adolescence was highlighted by Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory.

Identity

Psychologists often mention B. F. Skinner when asked to name the most influential psychologist of the 20th century. Based on a survey of British psychologists, _____ is another worthy contender for the title.

Jean Piaget

Kohlberg is to Erikson as _____ development is to _____ development.

Moral; Psychological

Developmental psychologists have found that one's general level of emotional excitability, called _____, remains fairly constant from childhood into adulthood.

Temperament

How might adolescents' tendency to engage in such risky behaviors as street racing and experimental drug use reflect brain development phenomena?

The frontal lobe matures slowly, impeding adolescents' ability to weigh potential consequences.

This psychologist proposed that children learn by internalizing their culture's language and relying on internal speech.

Vygotsky

_____ proposed that children learn by internalizing their culture's language and relying on internal speech.

Vygotsky

Sharon's father demands total obedience from his children. When he speaks, he expects his children to listen. There is no discussion and no arguing. He has zero tolerance for anyone breaking the rules he has decreed. Sharon's father has a(n) _____ parenting style.

authoritarian

Hailey's parents demand her strict obedience; "backtalk" is not tolerated. Isabella's parents are firm as well, but are more likely to reason with her and explain the consequences of her behavior. In Baumrind's terms, Hailey's parents are _____; Isabella's are _____.

authoritarian; authoritative

Which of Baumrind's parenting styles is associated with the BEST developmental outcomes for children?

authoritative

Jean Piaget was the Swiss child psychologist best known for his influential theory that:

children progress through distinct stages of cognitive development.

Western legal systems that suggest that children who are 7 or 8 years old have attained the ability to reason are consistent with Piaget's theory because basic reasoning skills appear during the _____ period.

concrete operational

Mark thinks that language development over the life span requires a slow but steady shaping process. His belief is MOST directly relevant to the issue of:

continuity and stages

Gabriela is a 22-year-old recent college graduate. She is preparing to move to the largest city in her region to complete a prestigious internship. She has dated several young men but does not envision settling into a serious relationship for at least a few years yet. Gabriela is in a life stage many developmental psychologists call _____ adulthood.

emerging

Peter is 55. He has just celebrated his 25th anniversary at his company. He felt that his gold watch was just a meaningless trinket and was glad that he balanced his work with family life. According to Erik Erikson, Peter is in the stage of development called:

generativity vs. stagnation.

With respect to adolescence, biology determines its:

its beginning, but not its end.

Currently, 61-year-old Jim is in a life stage called _____ adulthood.

middle

Five-year-old Ling is beginning to show signs of being able to plan ahead in a somewhat rational manner. At her age, this development is likely due to:

neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes.

A game of peak-a-boo with his dad excites William during the first 6 months of his life because William actually thinks his dad has disappeared. This is because William lacks _____.

object permanence

Jeannette is in her mid-seventies and she is in remarkably good health. If she were to worry about getting sick, she should probably worry most about:

pneumonia

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, the majority of children younger than age nine have a _____.morality. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

preconventional

During the _____ stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children are able to represent things with words and images and use intuitive rather than logical reasoning.

preoperational

Dr. Babineaux asks a sample of 8-year-old children to complete measures of several personality traits. When the same children are 16 years old, she asks them to complete measures of the same traits. Dr. Babineaux then computes correlations between the two sets of measures. Her results are MOST relevant to the _____ issues.

stability and change

When Mary puts her finger onto her newborn daughter's mouth, the baby pulls Mary's finger into her mouth. The baby is demonstrating the ______ reflex.

sucking

When Mrs. Perez touched her newborn's lips, he produced an automatic response called the ______ reflex

sucking

An infant's _____ is revealed in its general tendency to be intense and fidgety on the one hand, or easygoing and quiet on the other.

temperament

As compared to nontwin siblings, fraternal twins share:

the same percentage of genetic material.

In the United States, about ______ percent of all babies are walking by age 11 months, ______ percent are walking within a week after their first birthday, and about ______ percent are walking by age 15 months.

25; 50; 90

Shelly's brother hid her favorite stuffed bear in another cabinet after Shelly had originally put the bear in her own toy chest. When she returns she is able to find the bear in the other cabinet where her brother had put it. This illustrates Shelly's development of:

theory of mind.

To most people the sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive that they immediately recognize it as immoral. This best illustrates that moral judgments may possibly reflect:

unconscious decision making