Chapter 3 Learning Checks

The precentral gyrus is essential for the ____.

control of fine movements

Which plane shows brain structures as they would be seen from the front?

coronal

A cross section of the spinal cord indicates that gray matter is ____.

densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the ____.

dorsal root ganglia

The limbic system is most related to ____.

emotional behaviors

The ventricles, central canal, and subarachnoid space are all ____.

filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Neurons in the prefrontal cortex ____ than neurons in other cortical areas.

have more dendritic spines

An impairment of eating, drinking, temperature regulation, or sexual behavior suggests possible damage to which brain structure?

hypothalamus

After damage to the ventral roots of the spinal cord, an individual will suffer what kind of loss?

lose control of the peripheral muscles in the affected body area

After damage to the dorsal roots of the spinal cord, an individual will suffer what kind of loss?

lose sensation from the affected body area

Breathing, heart rate, vomiting, salivation, coughing, and sneezing are all controlled by which structure?

medulla

Meningitis is an inflammation of the ____.

membranes surrounding the brain

In which area of the brain would one find the tectum, tegmentum, superior and inferior colliculi, and substantia nigra?

midbrain

Which part of the cerebral cortex is most important for the sense of touch?

parietal lobe

Together, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system make up the ____ nervous system.

peripheral

A stereotaxic instrument would most likely be used for ____.

placing an electrode in the brain

The nuclei for most of the cranial nerves are located in the ____.

pons and medulla

What is the primary target area in the cortex for information regarding muscle-stretch and joint receptors?

primary somatosensory cortex

Which division of the nervous system consists of neurons that deliver messages from the sensory organs to the central nervous system?

somatic

The sweat glands, adrenal glands, and muscles that constrict blood vessels have input from only the ____ nervous system.

sympathetic

Cortical blindness may result from the destruction of ____.

the occipital cortex

Prefrontal lobotomies were conducted in the United States in an attempt to ____.

treat severe psychiatric disorders

Which method is dependent upon injecting a radioactive chemical into the blood to measure blood flow?

PET

Computerized axial tomography creates an image from ____.

X rays

Damage to the basal ganglia would most likely result in ____.

a movement disorder

Sympathetic ganglia ____.

are closely linked and often act as a single system

An electroencephalograph measures ____.

average activity of the cells in a given region of the brain

What structure is composed of the medulla, pons, the midbrain, and certain central structures of the forebrain?

brain stem

If one structure is on the left side of the body and another is on the right, they are said to be ____ to each other.

contralateral