Chapter 3 Material HSC 201

stasis dermatitis

occurs in the lower leg when varicose veins slow the return of blood and the accumulation of fluid interferes with the nourishment of skin

condition of nail fungus

onych/o- myc- -osis

pigment

paint (latin); a coloring matter or stain -pigment- color hypo- below -ation: process hypopigmentation= below normal melanin relative to the surrounding skin

human _____ causes warts, also known as verucas

papillomavirus

allergenic

pertaining to the capacity to produce an allergic reaction -allergy: hypersensitivity to an allergen -allergic: pertaining to being hypersensitive

actinic

pertaining to the sun actin- ray actinic keratosis= has the potential to develop into squamous cell carcinoma

papule

pimple (latin); small, circumscribed elevation on the skin

acne

point (greek); inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands & hair follicles

toxin

poison (greek); poisonous substance formed by a cell or organism tox- poison toxic= pertaining to a toxin -ity: state, condition toxicity= state of being poisonous

congenital

present at birth con-with -genit- bring forth

seborrheic dermatitis

produces a red rash overlaid with a yellow, oily scale & is common in people with oily skin or hair

pustule

pustule (latin); small protuberance on the skin containing pus

regenerate

reconstitution of a lost part re- again -gener- produce -ate: composed of -ation: process regeneration= the process of reconstitution

dermabrasion

removal of upper layers of skin by rotary brush derm- skin -abras- scrape off -ion: action

contact dermititis

results from direct contact with irritants or allergens, including soaps, detergents, cleaning products & solvents

rosacea

rosy (latin); persistent erythematous rash of the central force; produces a similar rash on the face as systemic lupus erythematosus but produces no systemic complications

cyst

sac, bladder (greek); abnormal fluid-filled sac surrounded by a membrane

scar

scab (greek); fibrotic seam that forms when a wound heals

eschar

scab of a burn (greek); the burnt, dead tissue lying on top of third-degree burns

impetigo

scabby eruption (latin); infection of the skin producing thick, yellow, crusts

suture

seam (latin); stitch to hold the edges of a wound together (noun); to stitch the edges of a wound together (verb) -brings together the edges of the wound to enhance tissue healing

"Cradle cap" is a layman's term for

seborrheic dermatitis

herpes zoster

shingles/ painful eruption of vesicles that follow a nerve root on one side of the body herpes: to creep or spread (greek) zoster: belt, girdle (greek)

A(n) _____ is physical evidence of a disease process

sign

cuticle

skin (diminutive of cutis); nonliving epidermis at base of fingernails & toenails

rash

skin eruption (french); skin eruption

allograft

skin graft from another person or a cadaver allo- other -graft: transplant

homograft

skin graft from another person or a cadaver homo- same, alike

warts

skin growths caused by the human papillomavirus invading the epidermis

vesicles

small sacs containing fluid

macules

small, flat spots different in color from the surrounding skin

papules

small, solid elevations

decubitis ulcer

sore caused by lying down for long periods of time de- from -cubitis: lying down ulcer: sore

macule

spot (latin)

metastasis

spread of a disease from one part of the body to another meta- beyond, subsequent to -stasis: stagnant, stay in one place

keloid

stain (greek); raised, irregular, lumpy scar due to excess collagen fiber production during healing of a wound; mostly found on upper body & earlobes

stasis

staying in one place (greek); stagnation in the flow of any body fluid

atopy/atopic

strangeness (greek); state of hypersensitivity to an allergen- allergic

An _____ complaint by a patient about his illness is an example of a symptom

subjective

allergen

substance producing a hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction all- strange, other -erg- work, activity -gen-produce

anesthetic

substance that takes away feeling & pain an- without -esthet- sensation, perception

All three types of skin cancer share one common cause: excess exposure to

sunlight

mammoplasty

surgical procedure to change the size or shape of the breast mamm/o- breast -plasty: surgical repair

rhinoplasty

surgical procedure to change the size or shape of the nose rhin/o- nose -plasty: surgical repair

excision

surgical removal of a part or all of a structure excis- cut out

lipectomy

surgical removal of adipose tissue lip- lipid, fat -ectomy: surgical excision

liposuction

surgical removal of adipose tissue using suction lip/o- fat -suct- suck -ion: action

abdominoplasty

surgical removal of excess subcutaneous fat from abdominal wall abdomin/o- abdomen -plasty: surgical repair

blepharoplasty

surgical repair of an eyelid blephar/o- eyelid -plasty: surgical repair

symptom

symptoms; event or feeling that has happened to someone (Greek); departure from normal health experienced by the patient -atic: pertaining to symptomatic= pertaining to the symptoms of a disease

psoriasis

the itch (greek); rash characterized by reddish, silver-scaled patches most common on scalp, elbows, knees

candida albicans thrush

the most common form of candida; another name for infection with candida albicans: latin white

diffusion

the process by which small particles move between tissues diffus- movement

debridement

the removal of injured or necrotic tissue de- take away -bride- rubbish -ment: resulting state

cryotherapy

the use of cold in the treatment of disease; used frequently to treat acne, scars, sebaceous plaques, & some skin cancers (liquid nitrogen is sprayed onto the affected area of skin to cause peeling or scabbing) cryo- cold -therapy: medical treatment

cream

thick juice (latin); a semisolid emulsion

scleroderma

thickening & hardening of the skin due to new collagen formation; autoimmune disease characterized by hardening & shrinking of skin, joint stiffness, & pain, vital organs also undergo a similar process scler/o- hard -derma: skin

culture

tillage (latin); the growth of microorganisms on or in media

clot

to block (german); the mass of fibrin & cells that is produced in a wound

shock

to clash (german); sudden physical or mental collapse or circulatory collapse

pruritus

to itch; itching prurit- to itch pruritic= itchy anti- against antipruritic= medication against itching

abrasion

to scrape (latin); area of skin or mucous membrane that's been scraped off

excoriate

to scratch ex- away from -cori- skin -ate: pertaining to -ation: process excoriation= scratch mark

scabies

to scratch (latin); skin disease brought on by itch mites -generally occurs in genital area or near waist, breasts, & armpits -lay eggs under the pits

metastasize

to spread to distant parts -stat- stationary -ize: affect in a specific way metastatic= pertaining to the character of cells that can metastasize

contagious

touch closely (latin); can be transmitted from person to person or from a person to a surface to a person

malignant

tumor that invades surrounding tissues and metastasizes to distant organs malign- harmful, bad -ant: forming, pertaining to -ancy: state of malignancy= state of being malignant

laser therapy

used for the management of birthmarks, vascular lesions, warts, & skin disorders like vitiligo

Which of the following lesions is NOT normally present in patients with chickenpox?

verucas (these are warts NOT in chickenpox) -vesicles: fluid filled sacs in chickenpox -macules: small flat spots in chickenpox -papules: small solid elevations in chickenpox

emulsion

very small particles suspended in a solution emuls- suspension in a liquid -ion: process

papillomavirus

virus that causes warts & is associated with cancer papill/o- papilla, pimple virus: poison (latin) -oma: mass, tumor

verruca

wart (latin); wart caused by a virus

scald

wash in hot water (latin); burn from contact with hot liquid or steam

necrotizing fasciitis

when strains of staph & strep become toxic, when their enzymes digest the connective tissues & spread into the muscle layers -requires surgical & antibiotic treatment

tinea

worm (latin); a group of related skin infections caused by a different species of fungi

wound

wound (old english); any injury that interrupts the continuity of skin or a mucous membrane

body proteins

-collagen: 30% of body's protein, which is why collagen diseases have widespread effects on the body -keratin: found in the epidermis, hair, & nails -melanin: a black pigment in the epidermis & hair -adipose: fat tissue, not a protein

topical skin agents

-cream: water-based, cooling, soothing, & well tolerated -ointment: oil-based to provide waterproof barrier; used for dry, scaly conditions -lotion: water-based, with a drying, cooling effect -gel: jelly-like, watery suspensions

injections in 3 areas of skin

-intradermal= introduced into epidermis raising a small, raised wheal; TB test -TB= bacterium that can affect the tissues of the body -subcutaneous= SC, layer immediately below the dermis, where insulin is injected -intramuscular= IM, deepest structure that antibiotics & immunizations may by injected into

Select the correct statements regarding congenital lesions.

-they often resolve within the first few years after birth -mongolian spots are blue-grey, benign, flat, & found on the lower backs of blacks, Native Americans, Latin Americans

burns

1st degree (superficial)- involve only epidermis & produce superficial inflammation, with redness, pain, & slight edema; 3-5 days to heal 2nd degree (partial-thickness)- involve epidermis & dermis but leave some dermis intact, produce redness, blisters, & more severe pain; 2-3 wk healing 3rd degree (full-thickness)- involve epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissues often all destroyed; long time healing, often skin grafts 4th degree- all layers of skin, involve underlying tendons, muscles, sometimes bones

Which abbreviation listed below indicates the deepest area where injections of antibiotics and immunizations may be given?

IM

kaposi sarcoma

Moritz kaposi, Hungarian dermatologist, 1837-1902; a form of skin cancer seen in AIDS patients marked by red or brown blotches or bumps in tissues under the skin's surface

inflammation

a complex of cell & chemical reactions occurring in response to an injury or chemical or biological agent -flammat- flame in- in -ory: having the function of inflammatory= causing or affected by inflammation

incision

a cut or surgical wound incis- cut into -ion: action, condition

heterograft

a graft from another species (not human) hetero- different -graft: transplant

xenograft

a graft from another species (not human) xeno- foreign -graft: transplant

autograft

a graft removed from the patient's own skin auto- self, same -graft: transplant

laceration

a tear or jagged wound of the skin caused by blunt trauma, not a cut lacer- to tear ation: process

candida albicans

a yeast-like fungus that can produce recurrent infections of the skin, nails, & mucous membranes

infestation

act of being invaded on the skin by a troublesome other species, such as a parasite infest- invade -ation: process

parasiticide

agent that destroys parasites parasit/i- parasite -cide: to kill

cosmetic

an adornment (greek); a concern for appearance

dermatitis

an inflammation that produces, swollen, red, itchy skin dermat-skin -itis- inflammation

What topical pharmacologic agent is used to relieve pain or itch on the skin's surface?

anesthetics

One characteristic that systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma have in common is that they are both:

autoimmune diseases

which 2 types of skin cancer arise in the basal layer of the epidermis?

basal cell carcinoma & malignant melanoma -squamous cell carcinoma arises in middle layers

papilloma

benign projection of epithelial cells

ultra-

beyond

melanin

black (greek); black pigment found in skin, hair, & retina melan- black pigment -oma: tumor, mass melanoma= malignant neoplasm formed from cells that produce melanin

melasma

black spot (greek); patchy pigmentation of the skin

A Wood's light is also known as a(n) _____ light and is used to define the borders of pigmented lesions before excision

black, UV or ultraviolet

vesicle

blister (latin); small sac containing liquid, a blister

What causes aging skin to bruise more easily?

blood vessels in the dermis become fragile

flourence

bright color (greek); emit a bright-colored light when irradiated with ultraviolet or violet-blue rays

kaposi sarcoma is a type of

cancer

The condition of oral thrush is associated with

candida albicans

Match the medical term for each fungal infection of the skin with its common name

candida albicans= yeast infection tinea pedis= athletes foot tinea capitis= ringworm of the scalp tinea corporis= ringworm of the body tinea cruris= jock itch

carbuncle

carbuncle (latin); infection of many hair follicles in a small area, often on the back of the neck

The combining form eti/o in the word etiology means

cause

varicella-zoster virus

causes chickenpox in unvaccinated people

keratolytic

causing separation or loosening of the horny layer (stratum corneum) of the skin kerat/o- horn -lyt- loosening

whiteheads or blackheads can also be referred to as

comedones

onychomycosis

condition of a fungus infection in a nail onych/o- nail -myc- fungus -osis: condition

Surgical procedures that alter or improve the appearance of one's face or body are called:

cosmetic procedures

scab

crust (old english); crust that forms over a wound or sore during healing

Liquid nitrogen is used in ___ which causes the affected area of skin to peel or scab

cryotherapy

candida

dazzling white; a yeastlike fungus candid- candida -iasis: state of, condition candidiasis= infection with the yeastlike fungus

cadaver

dead body (latin); a dead body or corpse

When a patient lies in one position for a long period they are at risk of developing ____ ulcers.

decubitis & pressue

retinoid

derived from retinoic acid; a cream that's a derivative of vitamin A used to treat acne, wrinkles, sun spots, & psoriasis

antifungal

destroying or preventing the growth of a fungus fung- fungus

antibacterial

destroying or preventing the growth of bacteria anti- against -bacter/i- fungus

pediculosis

disease produced by lice by attaching their nits (eggs) to hair and clothing; an infestation with lice pedicul- louse -osis: condition

autoimmune

diseases in which the body makes antibodies directed against its own tissues -immune: protected from auto- self

atopic or allergic dermatitis

due to allergens that include nickel in jewelry, perfume, cosmetics, poison ivy, & latex

comedo

eat up (latin); too much sebum & too many keratin cells block the hair follicle to produce the comedo

eczem/a-

eczema; to boil or ferment; inflammatory skin disease, often with a serous fluid eczematous= pertaining to or marked by eczema

keratosis (plural keratoses)

epidermal lesion of circumscribed overgrowth of the horny layer kerat- horny -osis: condition

diascopy

examination of superficial skin lesions with pressure; uses a finger or microscope slide pressed against a lesion to see if it blanches scopy: to examine, to view dia- through

seborrhea

excessive amount of sebum seb/o- sebum -rrhea: flow seborrheic= pertaining to seborrhea

vasodilation

expansion of a blood vessel

immediate life threats from burns

fluid loss, infection

The first tissue to form, three or four days after injury when new capillaries invade the wound, is:

granulation tissue

parasite

guest (greek); an organism that attaches itself to, lives on or in, & derives its nutrition from another species parasit- parasite parasitic= pertaining to a parasite

androgen

hormone that promotes masculine characteristics andr/o- male -gen- to produce, create

paronychia

infection alongside the nail -onych- nail para- alongside -ia: condition

cellulitis

infection of subcutaneous connective tissue cellul- cell -itis- inflammation

eczema

inflamed and itchy skin condition often with a serous discharge; when itchy skin is scratched, it becomes excoriated & produces the dry, red, scaly patches -atopic dermatitis is example

necrotizing faciitis

inflammation of fascia producing death of the tissue necr/o- death fasc/i- fascia -tiz- pertaining to -ing: quality of

dermatomyositis

inflammation of the skin & muscles dermat/o- skin -myos- muscle

systemic lupus erythematosus

inflammatory connective tissue disease affecting the whole body; autoimmune disease with characteristic of butterfly rash & other skin lesions, also attacks multiple internal organs system- the body as a whole lupus: wolf (latin) erythemat- redness -osus: condition

infection

invasion of the body by disease-producing microorganisms infect- internal invasion, infection -ion: action -ious: pertaining to infectious= capable of being transmitted, or a disease caused by the action of a microorganism

mucocutaneous

junction of skin & mucous membrane: e.g. the lips muc/o- mucous membrane -cutan/e- skin -ous: pertaining to

lentigo

lentil (greek); age spot; small, flat, brown-black spot in the skin of older people

louse (plural lice)

louse (old english); parasitic insect

alopecia

mange (greek); partial or complete loss of hair, naturally or from medication

sign

mark (latin); physical evidence of a disease process

antipruritic

medication against itching -prurit- itch

topical

medication applied to the skin to obtain a local effect topic- local

transdermal application of medicine

medications are administered thru the skin by an adhesive transdermal patch; medication diffuses across the epidermis & enters the blood vessels in the dermis -example: analgesics

flora

microorganism

nevus (nevi plural)

mole, birthmark (latin); congenital lesion of the skin

staphylococcus aureus (staph- bacterial infection)

most common bacterium to invade the skin -causes pimples, boils, carbuncles, & impetigo -can produce a cellulitis of epidermis & dermis -Group A Staph (strep) can also cause cellulitis

matrix

mother (latin); the formative portion of a hair, nail, or tooth

fungus (plural fungi)

mushroom (latin); general term used to describe yeasts & molds

A birthmark caused by abnormal pigmentation or proliferation of blood vessels is a(n)

nevus -mongolian spot: a type of nevus -melanoma: type of skin cancer

granulation

new fibrous tissue formed during wound healing granul- small grain -ation: process