Chapter 3 Nutrition

Which of the following statements is true regarding fiber in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome? Multiple choice question. Fiber source makes no difference. Insoluble fiber is more effective than soluble fiber. Fiber is not important in the treatment. At least half of patients see improvement with a low-FODMAP diet.

At least half of patients see improvement with a low-FODMAP diet.

Select all that apply Which of the following lifestyle modifications may help prevent ulcers from occurring or recurring? Multiple select question. Consuming more dairy products Avoiding smoking Limiting use of NSAIDs Restricting fiber intake

Avoiding smoking Limiting use of NSAIDs

True or false: The storage capacity for nutrients is similar for all nutrients. True false question. True False

False

True or false: Celiac disease is caused by a food allergy.

False Celiac disease is an autoimmune response where the immune system attacks and destroys its own cells.

Question Mode Multiple Choice Question Most people with a stomach ulcer will notice stomach pain about ______ after eating. Multiple choice question. one hour two hours 30 minutes four hours

two hours

Question Mode Multiple Choice Question The exact cause of diverticulosis is ______. Multiple choice question. a high-fiber diet physical activity unknown a low-fiber diet

unknown

When gallstones block the duct that carries bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine, a person usually experiences pain in the Multiple choice question. upper right abdomen. middle of the back. upper left abdomen. lower right abdomen.

upper right abdomen.

Select all that apply Choose the true statements about the human microbiota. Multiple select question. The human microbiota is recognized as a human organ. The human microbiota consists of about 1000 different microorganisms. The human microbiota influences nearly every aspect of human health. The human microbiota has high metabolic activity.

The human microbiota is recognized as a human organ. The human microbiota influences nearly every aspect of human health. The human microbiota has high metabolic activity.

Multiple Choice Question Which statement is true related to what we have learned about human microbiota? Multiple choice question. A.The science has moved so quickly that we understand the complexities of the human microbiota in significant detail. B.We still have a lot to discover. C.We understand how microbiota influences weight control, cardiovascular disease, blood glucose, and mental health.

We still have a lot to discover.

Lymph contains which of the following? White blood cells Red blood cells Plasma Dietary fats

White blood cells Plasma Dietary fats

Peristalsis refers to Multiple choice question. A-muscular spasms in the gastrointestinal tract that may cause irritable bowel syndrome. B-back and forth movements along the small intestine that mix chyme with digestive enzymes. C-waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract. D-the backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus.

waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract.

Compared to the small intestine, the large intestine ______.(2) Multiple select question. -absorbs fewer nutrients -is longer in length houses more bacteria -produces more digestive enzymes

absorbs fewer nutrients houses more bacteria

An individual with GERD should not lie down after eating because lying down ______. Multiple choice question. decreases the production of mucus allows stomach acid to enter the esophagus causes the stomach to overproduce acid lessens the ability of the GI tract to digest food

allows stomach acid to enter the esophagus

The chemical breakdown of starch that occurs in the mouth is due to the enzyme action of pepsin. protease. lipase. amylase.

amylase.

Multiple Choice Question If left untreated, ______ can erode through the lining of the small intestine, causing a severe infection and internal bleeding. Multiple choice question. an ulcer a gallstone hemorrhoids proton pump inhibitors

an ulcer

Multiple Choice Question If left untreated, ______ can erode through the lining of the small intestine, causing a severe infection and internal bleeding. Multiple choice question. hemorrhoids proton pump inhibitors an ulcer a gallstone

an ulcer

Feces are expelled from the body through the Multiple choice question. anal sphincters. ileocecal sphincter. lower esophageal sphincter. sphincter of Oddi.

anal sphincters.

what can be taken to reduce acid in the stomach? Multiple choice question. NSAIDs spicy meals antacids alcohol

antacids

Select all that apply Regular use of ______ may cause constipation. Multiple select question. antacids sugar alcohols iron supplements calcium supplements

antacids iron supplements calcium supplements

The microbial metabolism of fiber is used ______. Multiple choice question. as energy for the cells that line the intestine as fuel for producing more ATP to disrupt the balance of gut microbiota

as energy for the cells that line the intestine

The microbial metabolism of fiber is used ______. Multiple choice question. to disrupt the balance of gut microbiota as fuel for producing more ATP as energy for the cells that line the intestine

as energy for the cells that line the intestine

he microbial metabolism of fiber is used ______. Multiple choice question. as energy for the cells that line the intestine to disrupt the balance of gut microbiota as fuel for producing more ATP

as energy for the cells that line the intestine

The presence of fat in the small intestine causes the release of a hormonal signal that triggers the gallbladder to release ______. Multiple choice question. bile chyme bicarbonate additional hormones

bile

The presence of fat in the small intestine causes the release of a hormonal signal that triggers the gallbladder to release ______. Multiple choice question. chyme bile bicarbonate additional hormones

bile

Multiple Choice Question When small bulges or sacs form in the large intestine, the sacs are called diverticula. diverticulitis. diverticulosis. diverticular disease.

diverticula.

When small bulges or sacs form in the large intestine, the sacs are called Multiple choice question. diverticula. diverticulosis. diverticulitis. diverticular disease.

diverticula.

The exact cause of ________, Unavailable is unknown.

diverticular disease

Multiple Choice Question Laxatives can lessen constipation by Multiple select question. drawing water into the large intestine. increasing fecal bulk. stimulating the nerves of the GI tract. slowing GI tract motility. Reason: Slowing the movement of food matter through the GI tra

drawing water into the large intestine. increasing fecal bulk. stimulating the nerves of the GI tract.

The imbalance of "good" and "bad" microbes in the gut is termed ______. Multiple choice question. postbiotics clostridia dysbiosis

dysbiosis

What is essential for immune system development and maintenance? Multiple choice question. adequate fiber and fluid intake healthy gut microbiota loose junctions in the cells that line the intestines

healthy gut microbiota

Multiple Choice Question To alleviate ______, avoid lying down after eating and raise the head of your bed 6 inches. Multiple choice question. hemorrhoids heartburn peptic ulcers irritable bowel syndrome

heartburn

Multiple Choice Question Bright red blood in the stool; itching, swelling, and irritation in the anal canal; and a sensation of a mass in the anal canal are all symptoms of ______. Multiple choice question. irritable bowel disease hemorrhoids gallstones diverticular disease

hem.

Obesity, prolonged sitting, violent coughing or sneezing, or straining during bowel movements can lead to ______. Multiple choice question. hemorrhoids constipation diverticular disease peptic ulcers

hemorrhoids

A healthy gut microbiota profoundly influences ______. Multiple choice question. immune function nutrient deficiencies the development of osteoporosis weight gain

immune function

A healthy gut microbiota profoundly influences ______. Multiple choice question. weight gain nutrient deficiencies the development of osteoporosis immune function

immune function

Most often, constipation occurs because of ______. Multiple select question. inadequate fiber intake inadequate fluid intake poor toileting habits disorder in neurological and hormonal signals

inadequate fiber intake inadequate fluid intake poor toileting habits

The safest types of laxatives are those that Multiple choice question. stimulate the nerves in the large intestine. increase fecal bulk. contain mineral oil.

increase fecal bulk.

Dysbiosis is implicated in several long-term gastrointestinal (2)problems such as ______. Multiple select question. inflammatory bowel disease irritable bowel syndrome gallbladder disease

inflammatory bowel disease irritable bowel syndrome

Dysbiosis is implicated in several long-term gastrointestinal problems such as ______. Multiple select question. gallbladder disease inflammatory bowel disease irritable bowel syndrome

inflammatory bowel disease irritable bowel syndrome

It is difficult to pinpoint the exact cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but some possible causes include Multiple select question. inflammatory responses. depression and stress. low blood cholesterol levels. alteration of hormones that regulate the movement of food through the GI tract.

inflammatory responses. depression and stress. alteration of hormones that regulate the movement of food through the GI tract.

The pain related to GERD is due to Multiple choice question. excess gas production in the large intestine. irritation of the heart muscle by stomach acid. blockage of the bile duct. irritation of the esophagus by stomach acid.

irritation of the esophagus by stomach acid.

Multiple Choice Question Gallstones may develop during rapid weight loss or prolonged fasting due to the Multiple choice question. liver working overtime to metabolize all the food. overstimulation of the gallbladder by high levels of dietary fat. liver secreting more cholesterol into the bile. stomach shrinking and thus not making enough bile.

liver secreting more cholesterol into the bile.

The contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called chyme. nerve contractions. peristalsis. bolus.

peristalsis.

A substance that serves as fuel for bacteria in the large intestine is called a Multiple choice question. probiotic. prebiotic.

prebiotic

Foods containing live microorganisms (e.g., lactobacilli), which are eaten in an attempt to promote digestive health, are called Multiple choice question. prebiotics. probiotics.

probiotics

Multiple Choice Question Gluten is a type of ______ found in wheat, rye, and barley. Multiple choice question. protein lipid carbohydrate

protein

Before feces are eliminated, they are held in the Multiple choice question. cecum. ileocecal sphincter. gallbladder. rectum.

rectum

The starch-digesting enzyme, amylase, is produced by the ______ and ______.

salivary glands pancreas

Treatment for diarrhea in infants and older adults Multiple choice question. is different in the recommendations for fluid choice. is more advanced. should be prompt to prevent rapid dehydration. is no more critical than for children and adults.

should be prompt to prevent rapid dehydration.

Chyme passes from the stomach into the ______. Multiple choice question. large intestine small intestine pancreas liver/gallbladder

small intestine

The primary site of nutrient digestion and absorption is the .

small intestine

Which part of the GI tract absorbs the most nutrients? Multiple choice question. large intestine small intestine colon stomach

small intestine

Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the pancreas. small intestine. large intestine. stomach.

small intestine.

Fill in the Blank Question The gnawing pain in the upper chest (GERD) is caused by the movement of acid from______ the into the _____

stomach to the esophagus

Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Choose the outcomes of microbial metabolism. Multiple select question. synthesizes vitamin K and several B vitamins stimulates the increased production of several hormones creates an imbalance in gut microbiota fuels the cells that line the intestine

synthesizes vitamin K and several B vitamins fuels the cells that line the intestine

Multiple Choice Question A community of 100 trillion microorganism that colonizes throughout the body is termed ______. Multiple choice question. probiotics the microbiota synbiotics prebiotics

the microbiota

Multiple Choice Question A community of 100 trillion microorganism that colonizes throughout the body is termed ______. Multiple choice question. synbiotics probiotics the microbiota prebiotics

the microbiota

True or false: For the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, insoluble fiber is more effective than soluble fiber.

False,Reason: Soluble fiber is more effective than insoluble fiber for treatment of IBS.

Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Why are fluid and fiber recommended treatments for constipation? Multiple select question. Fiber stimulates peristalsis. Fiber will harden the fecal matter making the passage easier. Fluid facilitates peristalsis.

Fiber stimulates peristalsis. Fluid facilitates peristalsis.

What is the first line of defense for treating diarrhea? Multiple choice question. Consume more dairy. Increase the intake of water and electrolytes. Increase sugar intake. Eat large amounts of high-fiber such as bran.

Increase the intake of water and electrolytes.

Which of the following are serious risks of untreated peptic ulcers?

Infections Internal bleeding

Which of the following statements about the acidic nature of gastric juice is true. It halts the biological activity of proteins. It converts the inactive digestive enzymes to their active form. It makes dietary minerals insoluble by preventing their absorption. It partially digests food protein.

It halts the biological activity of proteins. It converts the inactive digestive enzymes to their active form. It partially digests food protein.

Multiple Choice Question For several months, Clayton has been experiencing gnawing pain in his abdomen about 2 hours after eating. This morning, he felt ill and vomited what looked like coffee grounds. Which of the following is a likely explanation for his condition? Multiple choice question. Irritable bowel syndrome Nonceliac gluten sensitivity Peptic ulcer Hemorrhoids

Peptic ulcer

Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Which of the following are typical causes of diarrhea? Multiple select question. Hemorrhoids Poorly absorbed food substances Dehydration Microorganisms

Poorly absorbed food substances Microorganisms

Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Which of the following factors increase the risk of developing hemorrhoids? Multiple select question. Bacterial infections Pregnancy Obesity Prolonged sitting

Pregnancy Obesity Prolonged sitting

True or false: For the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, insoluble fiber is more effective than soluble fiber.

F

Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Based on current research, what are the two factors needed for development of celiac disease? Multiple select question. Infection with H. pylori bacteria Stress and depression Dietary exposure to gluten Genetic predisposition to celiac disease

Dietary exposure to gluten Genetic predisposition to celiac disease

Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Choose the lifestyle recommendations that are appropriate for the care of heartburn. Multiple select question. Wear tight-fitting clothing. Eat small low-fat meals. Avoid eating at least 3 to 4 hours before lying down. Elevate the head of the bed 6 to 8 inches.

Eat small low-fat meals. Avoid eating at least 3 to 4 hours before lying down. Elevate the head of the bed 6 to 8 inches.

Which of the following behaviors clearly increases the likelihood of developing a peptic ulcer? Multiple choice question. Weight loss Consumption of spicy foods Frequent use of NSAIDs Eating too quickly

Frequent use of NSAIDs

Pain, nausea, gagging, cough, or hoarseness are all symptoms of _____. Multiple choice question. GERD celiac disease ulcers constipation

GERD

Select all that apply Based on current research, what are the two factors needed for development of celiac disease? Multiple select question. Stress and depression Genetic predisposition to celiac disease Dietary exposure to gluten Infection with H. pylori bacteria

Genetic predisposition to celiac disease Dietary exposure to gluten

Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Identify symptoms of GERD. Multiple select question. Constipation Hoarseness Gagging Nausea

Hoarseness Gagging Nausea

Select all that apply Which of the following are true statements about diverticular disease? Multiple select question. It is a common GI problem that affects about half of adults over age 60 years. It occurs when the inner layer of the large intestine protrude outward forming small pouches called diverticula. The presence of diverticula is called diverticulosis. Diverticulosis is primarily caused by a low-fiber diet.

It is a common GI problem that affects about half of adults over age 60 years. It occurs when the inner layer of the large intestine protrude outward forming small pouches called diverticula. The presence of diverticula is called diverticulosis.

Which of the following are true statements about diverticular disease? Multiple select question. It occurs when the inner layer of the large intestine protrude outward forming small pouches called diverticula. Diverticulosis is primarily caused by a low-fiber diet. It is a common GI problem that affects about half of adults over age 60 years. The presence of diverticula is called diverticulosis.

It occurs when the inner layer of the large intestine protrude outward forming small pouches called diverticula. It is a common GI problem that affects about half of adults over age 60 years. The presence of diverticula is called diverticulosis.

Which of the following are signs or symptoms of hemorrhoids? Multiple select question. Itching in the rectal area Frothy, foul-smelling stool Streaks of blood in the stool Pain with bowel movements

Itching in the rectal area Streaks of blood in the stool Pain with bowel movements

Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Which of the following lifestyle modifications may help prevent ulcers from occurring or recurring? Multiple select question. Limiting use of NSAIDs Restricting fiber intake Avoiding smoking Consuming more dairy products

Limiting use of NSAIDs Avoiding smoking

What are the best ways to prevent gastrointestinal problems? Multiple select question. Meet the recommendations for fiber and fluid intake. Avoid heavy exercise. Avoid tobacco. Do not overuse NSAID medications. Maintain a healthy weight.

Meet the recommendations for fiber and fluid intake. Avoid tobacco. Do not overuse NSAID medications. Maintain a healthy weight.

What are two large research studies mapping the microbial genome and trying to understand how probiotics and prebiotics influence human health? Multiple select question. Metagenomics of Human Intestinal Tract program in Europe The Human Microbiome Project in the United States a joint venture between NIH and FDA on Translational Graphing of Microbial Genome

Metagenomics of Human Intestinal Tract program in Europe The Human Microbiome Project in the United States

Put the following digestive organs in the order that they come in contact with food (from top to bottom). Mouth esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine

Mouth esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine

Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Gluten is naturally found in which of the following grains? Multiple select question. Rye Wheat Oats Barley

Rye Wheat Barley

Which of the following are signs and symptoms that could indicate a peptic ulcer? Multiple select question. Stomach pain about 2 hours after eating Bright red streaks in the feces Nausea and vomiting Unexpected weight loss

Stomach pain about 2 hours after eating Nausea and vomiting Unexpected weight loss

How do viral or bacterial infections cause diarrhea? Multiple choice question. Substances are produced that cause the intestinal cells to secrete fluid rather than absorb fluid. Substances are produced that cause the intestinal cells to absorb fluid rather than secrete fluid.

Substances are produced that cause the intestinal cells to secrete fluid rather than absorb fluid.

Which of the following occurs when a person with heartburn takes an antacid? Multiple choice question. The acidity of stomach contents is reduced. The production of stomach acid is suppressed. H. pylori are destroyed. Stomach contents no longer enter the esophagus.

The acidity of stomach contents is reduced.

Choose the true statements about the human microbiota. Multiple select question. The human microbiota has high metabolic activity. The human microbiota consists of about 1000 different microorganisms. The human microbiota influences nearly every aspect of human health. The human microbiota is recognized as a human organ.

The human microbiota has high metabolic activity. The human microbiota influences nearly every aspect of human health. The human microbiota is recognized as a human organ.

A genetic predisposition and dietary exposure to gluten are needed for the development of _____. Multiple choice question. hemorrhoids diarrhea celiac disease irritable bowel syndrome

celiac disease

Regularly ignoring the urge to defecate may lead to Multiple choice question. peptic ulcers. celiac disease. gallstones. constipation.

constipation.

To aid the laxative action of dietary fiber in the large intestine, Multiple choice question. consume additional protein. consume additional fluid. limit sugar intake. take antacids.

consume additional fluid.

Select all that apply Treatment for mild constipation includes Multiple select question. consuming additional fluid. taking calcium supplements. avoiding eating at least 3 to 4 hours before lying down. engaging in physical activity.

consuming additional fluid. engaging in physical activity.

Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Nutrition therapy for mild cases of constipation includes Multiple select question. adding a calcium and iron supplement. consuming more fiber daily. taking a laxative daily. consuming more fluids daily.

consuming more fiber daily. consuming more fluids daily.

People with celiac disease Multiple choice question. must consume a low-fat diet to avoid diarrhea associated with fat malabsorption. Reason: After surgery for gallbladder removal, high fat intake may lead to GI distress because bile is released in a slow and steady stream rather than all at once. experience an autoimmune response when they consume gluten. are infected by Helicobacter pylori. Reason: H. pylori infection leads to many cases of peptic ulcers. have a wheat allergy.

experience an autoimmune response when they consume gluten.

Multiple Choice Question The initial goal of diet therapy for diarrhea is to provide Multiple choice question. fluids and electrolytes. omega-3 fatty acids. B vitamins. soluble fiber.

fluids and electrolytes.

Multiple Choice Question Which of the following carbohydrates could contribute to IBS? Multiple choice question. fiber amylopectin fructose and sugar alcohols

fructose and sugar alcohols

Question Mode Multiple Choice Question Which of the following carbohydrates could contribute to IBS? Multiple choice question. amylopectin fiber fructose and sugar alcohols

fructose and sugar alcohols

Choose the outcomes of microbial metabolism. Multiple select question. stimulates the increased production of several hormones fuels the cells that line the intestine synthesizes vitamin K and several B vitamins creates an imbalance in gut microbiota

fuels the cells that line the intestine synthesizes vitamin K and several B vitamins

Select all that apply Choose the outcomes of microbial metabolism. Multiple select question. creates an imbalance in gut microbiota fuels the cells that line the intestine stimulates the increased production of several hormones synthesizes vitamin K and several B vitamins

fuels the cells that line the intestine synthesizes vitamin K and several B vitamins

he organ that stores bile is the Multiple choice question. gallbladder. pancreas. stomach. liver.

gallbladder

A rapid weight loss or prolonged fasting can lead to

gallstones

Dana reports abdominal pain, gas, and bloating after eating, especially meals that are high in fat. She may have

gallstones

The secretion of more cholesterol into bile may lead to _____. Multiple choice question. kidney stones skin cancer gallstones headache and dizziness

gallstones

Multiple Select Question Which of the following are characteristics of gallstones? dizziness and fainting gas and bloating nausea or vomiting intermittent pain in the upper right abdomen

gas and bloating nausea or vomiting intermittent pain in the upper right abdomen

A genetic predisposition and dietary exposure to can lead to celiac disease.

gluten

People with celiac disease experience an immunological reaction to the protein ______, which is commonly found in wheat. Multiple choice question. lactose gluten whey albumin

gluten

The majority of GI problems can be controlled with ______. Multiple select question. a low-fiber diet medical treatment proper nutrition lowering risk factors

medical treatment proper nutrition lowering risk factors

Multiple Choice Question Where does short-term storage of carbohydrate occur? Multiple choice question. pancreas and liver skin and muscle muscle and liver stomach and small intestine

muscle and liver

Multiple Select Question Select all that apply Prompt treatment of diarrhea to prevent dehydration is especially important for _____. Multiple select question. older adults teenagers infants adults

older adults infants

The starch-digesting enzyme, amylase, is produced by the ______ and ______. Multiple select question. pancreas liver stomach salivary glands

pancreas salivary glands