Chapter 3 part 2

What are the key take-away messages from the documentary Fed Up?

BELOW

Hot

Bonds are broken down more, the act of digestion is faster in something hot.

Photosynthesis enables chlorophyll-containing plants to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose in the absence of sunlight.

False Photosynthesis enables chlorophyll-containing plants to combine carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight to produce glucose.

The chemical formula for glucose, galactose and fructose is C6H12O6, which means that there are three different names for the exact same sugar.

False recall that while these three sugars all have the same chemical formula (6 carbons, 12 hydrogens and 6 oxygens), they have different spatial arrangements and that is why they are ultimately three different sugars with three different and distinct tastes. (Glucose and galactose are both 6-sided rings(hexoses) and fructose is a 5-sided(pentose) sugar)

What is the glycemic index?

Glycemic index (GI)Increase in blood glucose during 2-h period after consumption of a certain amount of CHO compared w/ equal CHO from reference food (e.g., white bread or pure glucose)Provides a numerical value to represent effect of particular foods on blood GLU levels

What factors can influence the glycemic index of a food?

Glycemic index of a boiled red potato : based on temperature that you cook

What is glycemic load?

Glycemic load (GL)Considers quantity and quality of CHO in a foodGl x grams of CHO in 1 serving of foodHigher the GL, the greater the expected elevation in blood glucose and insulinogenic effect of the food

Why is the glycemic index of a boiled red potato different if it's hot vs. if it's cooled?

Hot : if you boil it you have a higher glycemic index, bonds get looser when it's hot. Cold : it won't have a higher glycemic index, has resistant starch.

Numerous epidemiologic studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between higher dietary glycemic index and risk of developing type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and being overweight.

True

Sugar is a chronic, dose-dependent, hepatotoxin (liver toxin).

True

The main difference between glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) is that GL takes into account the amount of carbohydrate in a typical serving of a specific food, whereas GI indicates how rapidly a carbohydrate is digested and released as glucose (sugar) into the blood stream, in comparison to a reference food (like white bread or pure glucose).

True

The US government (USDA)'s conflict between protecting public health and promoting the agricultural products of farmers is best exemplified by the 1977 [a] Report, which led to the demonization and reduction of [b] in processed foods. Consequently, the amount of [c] increased in processed foods in order to still make them palatable (taste good). McDonald's Michelle Obama Let's Move McGovern artificial sweeteners sugar carbs fat protein sugar alcohols

a - McGovern b - fat c - sugar

Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides and [a], whereas complex carbohydrates include polysaccharides and [b]. amylopectins disaccharides hexoses oligosaccharides pectins polypectins

a - disaccharides b - oligosaccharides

monosaccharide that the most abundant sugar in fruits and vegetables

fructose

often called "blood sugar" and is the most abundant sugar in our bodies

glucose

Cold

has resistant starch. Resistant starch acts like fiber in the gut. The act of cooling makes the bonds that make up the carbohydrate get tighter.

after a meal, blood sugar levels increase, which stimulates the release of this hormone from the pancreas

insulin

glucose bonded to glucose forms this disaccharide

maltose

Where does the digestion of starch begin?

mouth

What sort of findings stood out as being most salient to you? (Fed Up)

1. Milk alternatives, such as almond, rice, oat milk, are infinitely healthier for you than dairy, whether it is full fat, organic, skim, low fat, etc. milk. 2. Many food analyzing studies are being funded by food industries, and therefore inaccurate. 3. Sugar is a chronic, dose-dependent, hepato(liver)toxin.