Chapter 3

Identify a true statement about a database.

A database is similar to a filing cabinet where data can be retrieved faster.

The _____ operator, discussed in data manipulation, is used when all the conditions in a query by example (QBE) form are required to be met.

AND

Identify a true statement about a flat file system.

Data in a flat file system may not be updated in all files consistently

Identify a true statement about a flat file system.

Data in a flat file system may not be updated in all files consistently.

Which of the following data sources provides the input a data warehouse needs to perform analyses and generate reports?

Data mining analysis systems

_________ analysis is used to discover patterns and relationships.

Data-mining

Which of the following statements is true of data marts and data warehouses?

Despite being smaller, data marts can usually perform the same type of analysis as data warehouses.

A select operation pares down a table in a database by eliminating columns according to certain criteria. True False

False

An e-commerce site that needs frequent updates would benefit from the use of a static Web site. True False

False

As compared to data warehouses, consolidating information from different departments or functional areas is easier in data marts. True False

False

Data in a database is used for analytical purposes, whereas data in a data warehouse is used for capturing and managing transactions. True False

False

Disks are sequential access devices, whereas tapes are random access devices. True False

False

In contrast to the query languages used to interact with a relational database, interaction with an object-oriented database takes places via methods that are called by sending a message to an object. True False

False

Labor and population statistics are examples of sources for internal data that are accessed by a database. True False

False

The network model is similar to the hierarchical data model because records are organized in the same way. True False

False

With the indexed sequential access method (ISAM), records cannot be accessed randomly. True False

False

In well-designed data-driven Web sites, changes are made to the _____ code every time a Web site's data content changes.

Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)

Identify a file structure that is similar to a book index that lists page numbers where certain topics can be found

Indexed sequential access method

_________, used in object-oriented databases, refers to new objects being created faster and more easily by entering new data in attributes.

Inheritance

_____, a component of a data model, defines the boundaries of a database, such as maximum and minimum values allowed for a field.

Integrity rules

Which of the following statements is true of big data?

It is a result of exponential growth of data in both public and private organizations.

Identify an advantage of using a database over a flat file system.

It uses more sophisticated security measures.

Which of the following is a key factor that has contributed to the growth and popularity of big data?

Mobile and wireless technology

Identify the number of physical views of data for a database.

Multiple

_____ improves database efficiency by eliminating redundant data and ensuring that only related data is stored in a table.

Normalization

_________ tools are also capable of "drilling up," proceeding from the smallest unit of data to higher levels.

Online analytical processing (OLAP)

_________ is used to facilitate and manage transaction-oriented applications, such as point-of-sale, data entry, and retrieval transaction processing.

Online transaction processing (OLTP)

Which of the following components of a data model describes methods and calculations that can be performed on data, such as updating and querying data?

Operations

In a database, which of the following is a source of internal data?

Sales records

Which of the following is an example of a source for external data?

Sales records

Which of the following factors has made big data analytics accessible to nearly all types of organizations?

Significant improvements in storage technology

A database engine converts logical requests from users into their physical equivalents by interacting with other components of the database management system (DBMS). True False

True

A database is a critical component of information systems because any type of analysis that is done is based on data available in the database. True False

True

A distributed database is not limited by the data's physical location. True False

True

Although a database can consist of only a single file, it is usually a group of files. True False

True

An advantage that a database has over a flat file system is that more information can be generated from the same data. True False

True

Business intelligence uses scorecards and query reports to support decision-making activities, whereas business analytics uses data mining tools and predictive modeling. True False

True

The popularity of social networks has contributed to the growth of big data. True False

True

The use of the OR operator means that only one of the conditions in a structured query language (SQL) statement must be met. True False

True

58. The _____ dimension of big data refers to the sheer quantity of transactions, measured in petabytes or exabytes.

Volume

In large organizations, database design and management is handled by the database _________.

administrator

The _____ approach, used to set up a distributed database management system (DDBMS), combines fragmentation and replication.

allocation

The component that is used to design elements of an application using a database, such as data entry screens, interactive menus, and interfaces, with other programming languages is the _____ component.

application generation

In a relational database model, the columns are known as _____

attributes

In the context of data administration component, the acronym CRUD stands for _____.

create, read, update, and delete

The _____ component of a database management system (DBMS) is used to create and maintain the data dictionary.

data definition

The _____ stores definitions, such as data types for fields, default values, and validation rules for data in each field.

data dictionary

The _____ component of a database management system (DBMS) is used to add, delete, modify, and retrieve records from a database.

data manipulation

A _____ is usually a smaller version of a data warehouse, used by a single department or function

data mart

The first step in database design is defining a _____, which defines how data is created, represented, organized, and maintained.

data model

A _________ is a collection of related data that is stored in a central location or multiple locations.

database

The _____ component of a database management system (DBMS) is responsible for data storage, manipulation, and retrieval.

database engine

A _________ is software for creating, storing, maintaining, and accessing database files.

database management system

A database administrator is responsible for _____.

developing recovery procedures in case data is lost or corrupted

A(n) _____ is not limited by the data's physical location.

distributed database

Grouping objects along with their attributes and methods into a class is called _________.

encapsulation

The database component of an information system can generate sufficient business intelligence by accessing the _____ data of an organization.

external and internal

In a data warehouse, _____ means collecting data from a variety of sources and converting it into a format that can be used in transformation processing.

extraction

In contrast to data in a database, discussed in data warehouses, the subject-oriented characteristic

focuses on a specific area

In a relational database model, when a primary key for one table appears in another table, it is called a _____ key

foreign

In a _________ model, the relationships among records form a treelike structure.

hierarchical

In a(n) _____ model, nodes with the same parents are called siblings

hierarchical

A data _________ is the structure and organization of data, which involves fields, records, and files.

hierarchy

The advantage of _________ is that both sequential and random access can be used, depending on the situation and the user's needs.

indexed sequential access method (ISAM)

The _________ view of a database involves how information appears to users and how it can be organized and retrieved.

logical

To begin designing a relational database, one must define the _____ by defining each table and the fields in it.

logical structure

In a(n) _____ model, each record can have multiple parent and child records.

network

The _____ view of a database involves how data is stored on and retrieved from storage media.

physical

In a relational database, every record must be uniquely identified by a _________ key

primary

Business analytics uses _____ to support decision-making activities.

query reports

In a(n) _________ file structure, records can be accessed in any order, regardless of their physical location in storage media.

random access

In data warehouses, _____ is information in its original form.

raw data

In a relational database model, a(n) _____ operation searches data in a table and retrieves records based on certain criteria.

select

In a(n) _________ file structure, records in files are organized and processed in numerical order.

sequential access

The _____ method is effective when a large number of records are processed less frequently, perhaps on a quarterly or yearly basis.

sequential access file structure

Data warehouses are sometimes called "hypercubes" because they _____.

store multidimensional data

The variety dimension of big data refers to a combination of _____.

structured data and unstructured data

In a relational database model, the rows are known as _____.

tuples

A data _____ is a collection of data from a variety of sources used to support decision-making applications and generate business intelligence

warehouse