Chapter 3 Study Guide
Which theory states that all living things are composed of cells?
cell theory
Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______.
cell wall and a central vacuoles
In plant cells, ______ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons.
central vacuoles
Which plant organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
chloroplast
Microtubules are associated with?
cilia cell shape flagella *all the answers are correct*
In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and plasma membrane?
cytoplasm
If a cell's lysosomes burst, the cell would ______.
digest itself
Lysosomes are responsible for ______.
digestion of organic matter inside the cell
Which statement is not true of mitochondria?
had grant which trap solar energy
When mixed with water, phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they ______.
have hydraulic phosphate groups that are attached to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water
Increase rate of diffusion
increase the concentration of molecules even higher on the high concentration side
When using a microscope to view cells you obtained from scraping under your fingernails, you notice that the cells lack nuclei; therefore, you conclude that the cells must be a type of ________ cell.
prokaryotic
Which of the following is a function of the golf apparatus?
protein modification
Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?
regulate the traffic of chemicals in and out of the cell
If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference?
the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall
On a lab bench, there are four balloons filled with identical volumes of different salt solutions: 0% (balloon A), 5% (balloon B), 10% (balloon C), and 15% (balloon D). There are also four beakers each filled with identical volumes of a 10% salt solution. The balloons are semi-permeable; that is, only water can enter and exit the balloon. All four balloons are placed in separate beakers at the same time and are allowed to come to equilibrium. Which is the correct order of balloon volumes at equilibrium?
A<B<C<D
In a hypnotic solution, a plant cell will?
Become turgid
The endomembrane system includes.
Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum
A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. Which of the following is TRUE?
The solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker.
Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?
active transport
Hormones secreted from a cell are usually manufactured by ribosomes______.
attached to the endoplasmic recticulum
Active transport:
can involve transportation of ions, move solutes against their concentration gradient, use ATP as energy *all the answers*
When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will ______.
exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration
Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. This enzyme is a protein. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion?
exocytosis
Cells with a higher concentration of ions than the surrounding medium tend to ______.
expand
Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ________.
lipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification
Vacuoles are?
membranous sacs
During a race such as a marathon, the skeletal muscle cells in your legs use a lot of energy to continually contract and power your muscles. What organelle is most likely abundant in skeletal muscle cells?
mitochondria
All of the following are functions of the cytoskeleton except.
produce protein
All the following are differences between animals and plant cells except.
only plants have a cytoskeleton
The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ________.
phagocytosis
____ are the major lipids of the plasma membrane.
phospholipids
The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ________?
phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude that it must be a ______ cell.
plant
Diffusion
proceeds until equilibrium is reached
Where does protein synthesis take place?
ribosomes
Which if the following is an adaptation to increase the surface area of a part of a cell that is involved in cellar respiration?
the cristae of a mitochondria
Osmosis is defined as
the diffusion os water across selectivity permeable membrane
A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. Which of the following is true?
the volume in the beaker will decrease
Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient.
transport proteins down
What structures have proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus?
transport vesicles
