Chapter 3 Study Guide

Is the Wi-Fi Alliance a non-profit standards organization? What is their goal?

-Yes, Wi-Fi Alliance is a non-profit trade association - ensure interoperability and backward compatibility and provide innovation support.

What is SpaceWire?

-a standard for high-speed links and networks for use onboard spacecraft.

What is the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and where is it headquartered?

-an agency of the United Nations dedicated to the information and communication technologies. -Geneva, Switzerland.

Vinton Cerf has been called one of main fathers of the internet. What internet organizations did he chair or help found? What internet technologies did he help to develop?

-co-founded Internet Society (ISOC) with Bob Kahn in 1992 -helped with the creation of ICANN, and served as the chair of Internet Architecture Board (IAB)

Which two message timing mechanisms are used in data communications?

-response timeout -flow control

What is the mission of the ISOC and where are its headquarters located?

-to assure the open development, evolution and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world -Reston, Virginia and Geneva, Switzerland

Unicast

one to one communication

When was the ISO founded and where are its headquarters located?

-1947 -Geneva, Switzerland.

What is added to a PDU and what is it then called at the

-Transport layer -TCP/UDP, Segment

What is the difference between segmentation and multiplexing?

-Segmentation is the process of dividing a stream of data into smaller units for transmissions over the network. -Multiplexing is combining data streams to send multiple units across one media

What happens when you ping a local host VS when you ping a remote host?

-A local ping returns the MAC address of the PC NIC -A remote ping returns the MAC address of the default gateway.

Name 10 World Wide Web (WWW) standards that the W3C develops and maintains?

-ActivityPub -CGI -CSS -DOM -EME -GRDDL -HTML -JSON -LD -MathML -OWL

Describe all 7 layer of the OSI model.

-Application Contains protocols used for process-to-process communications. -Presentation Provides for common representation of the data transferred between application layer services. -Session Provides services to the presentation layer and to manage data exchange. -Transport Defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data for individual communications. -Network Provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network -Data Link Describes methods for exchanging data frames over a common media. -Physical Describes the means to activate, maintain, and de-activate physical connections.

Describe the 4 layers of the TCP/IP model.

-Application.......Represents data to the user, plus encoding and dialog control. -Transport............Supports communication between various devices across diverse networks. -Internet.............Determines the best path through the network. -Network Access........Controls the hardware devices and media that make up the network.

What is the correct order that date gets de-encapsulated?

-Bit -Frame -Packet -Segment -Data

What is the correct order that date gets encapsulated?

-Data -Segment -Packet -Frame -Bit

What three functions are defined by network protocols to allow communication between known source and destination IP addresses?

-Data encoding -delivery options -message size

What layer do these protocols exist

-HTTP........Application -FTP.................Application -TCP...........Transport -DNS.............Application -UDP..........Transport

Network layer

-IP address -Packet

Which two related organizations are responsible for managing the top-level domain name space and the root Domain Name System (DNS) name servers on the internet?

-International Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) -Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

Data link layer

-MAC address -Frame

How do the internet standards allow for greater commerce? What potential problems could we have if we did not have the IEEE?

-More people have access to the same standards even if they don't buy the exact same equipment etc. -Companies would make their own protocols and products which may not work with equipment from other companies.

Where is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) headquarters located and what is the significance of its logo?

-New York City. -The IEEE logo is a diamond-shaped design which illustrates the right hand grip rule embedded in Benjamin Franklin's kite.

Name the three ITU sectors.

-Radio communication -Standardization -Development.

What does the RS in RS-232 stand for and which organization introduced it?

-Recommended Standard. RS-232 -Radio Section of Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA).

Who is Hamadoun Touré?

-Secretary General of the International Telecommunication Unicon (ITU).

Which two components are added to the PDU at the network access layer?

-Trailer -frame header

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Protocol suite

A group of inter-related protocols necessary to perform a communication function

Which message delivery option is used when all devices need to receive the same message simultaneously?

Broadcast

What information does a host need to commutate with a device in the same network?

Data link layer source and destination addresses

FTP

File Transfer Protocol

Response timeout

Hosts on the network use network protocols that specify how long to wait for responses and what action to take if a response timeout occurs.

Which organization develops the 802 family of standards for wired and wireless LANs and MANs?

IEEE

What organization developed the OSI reference model that is used in networking?

ISO

What organization oversees the IAB?

ISOC

What information does a host need to commutate with a device in a different network?

Information from a router

What organization is responsible for publishing Request for Comments (RFC)?

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

What organizations does the IAB oversee?

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) internet Research Task Force (IRTF).

What type of delivery uses data link layer addresses?

Local delivery

What does flow control do?

Manages the rate of data transmission and defines how much information can be sent and the speed at which it can be delivered

What do RFC 349 and RFC 1700 have in common?

Port Numbers

What is an advantage of using standards to develop and implement protocols?

Products from different manufacturers can interoperate successfully.

PDU

Protocol Data Units

Transport Protocol

Provides a mechanism for applications to communicate with each other without directly interacting with the IP layer.

What RFC number is the ARPAWOCKY? What is it?

RFC 527. The first humorous RFC which then led to IETF launching April fool's day RFC in 1989.

Why does Wireshark show the actual MAC address of the local hosts, but not the actual MAC address for the remote hosts?

Since the local network doesn't know the MAC address, it uses the MAC address of the default gateway

What happens when two devices on the same subnet are communicating?

The host portion of the IP addresses will be different.

Which statement is correct about network protocols?

They define how messages are exchanged between the source and the destination.

Who founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)?

Tim Berners-Lee

Match the TCP/IP layer to the protocol, service, or application that works within that layer. Transport Layer, Network Access Layer, Internet Layer, Application Layer

Transport layer.............................UDP Network Access Layer.............WLAN Internet Layer...............................ICMP Application Layer.......................DNS

TFTP

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

How would a host find the MAC address of its Default Gateway?

Use Wireshark, or use command line and run "ipconfig /all" command

How is the MAC address of the pinged PC obtained by your PC?

Via an ARP request

What is the IEEE standard for the Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) security protocol?

WPA2 is based on IEEE 802.11i standard. It is commonly used on Wi-Fi wireless network.

What potential problems could we have if we did not have the W3C?

We would not have a "common" language on the Internet to display information and communicate

Broadcast

one to all communication

Who is Jonathan B. Postel and what is he known for?

an American computer scientist who made contributions to the development of the Internet standards, to the creation of Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and as the RFC Editor

Application Protocol

defines how application processes (clients and servers), running on different end systems, pass messages to each other.

Which logical address is used for delivery of data to a remote network?

destination IP address

What can we learn from the example of the Wi-Fi Alliance with regard to the necessity of networking standards?

following the same standards/rules allows for interoperability/backward compatibility. This encourages competition, allows for consumer choices and encourages the manufacturers to create better products.

Multicast

one to many communication, typically not all

What are proprietary protocols and give a few examples?

one company or vendor controls the definition of the protocol and how it functions. -Skype and Kerberos are good examples of this.

What is the purpose of protocols in data communications?

providing the rules required for a specific type of communication to occur

Internet Protocol

the principal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries.

Encoding

the process of converting information into another acceptable form, for transmission.