Chapter 3 Test

The connection at the anterior pelvis between the two pubic bones is a) present only in females b) actually comprised of three separate joints c) a condylar joint d) called the pubic symphysis e) stays stiff and immobile

d) called the pubic symphysis

The bones of the pelvis a) are connected anteriorly at the pubic symphasis and posteriorly by an interosseous membrane b) include two prominent sesamoid bones c) are bones of the axial skeleton only d) include portions of both the axial and appendicular skeleton e) are bones of the appendicular skeleton only

d) include portions of both the axial and appendicular skeleton

The bone cells that contribute to increases in calcium in the blood are the a) chondrocytes b) osteocytes c) osteons d) osteoclasts e) osteoblasts

d) osteoclasts

The depression in the pelvis that hold the head of the femur and is made by all 3 parts of the coxal bone is called the a) glenoid cavity b) cubital fossa c) sciatic notch d) popliteal e) acetabulum

e) acetabulum

The calcaneus bone is _____ to the frontal bone, ____ to the radius and ____ to the patella.

inferior; medial; distal

the ______ in the arm are similar to the ____ in the leg because they limit the side to side movement of the distal joint

radial and ulnar styloid processes; medial and lateral malleoli

Compared with the male pelvis, the female pelvis has a a) relatively broad, high pelvis b) relatively narrow, high pelvis c) larger pelvic outlet/opening d) smaller sub-pubic angle e) smaller pelvic outlet/opening

c) larger pelvic outlet/opening

Structures that join bone to bone can be found outside or inside a joint capsule are called a) tendons b) menisci c) ligaments d) alveoli e) bursae

c) ligaments

A distinct bone marking on the dorsal on the surface of the scapula is the a) gleniod cavity b) subscapular fossa c) scapular spine d) infraspinous fossa e) coracoid process

c) scapular spine

Narrow sheets of calcified matrix are referred to as a) canaliculi b) osteoclasts c) lamellae d) osteons e) central canals

c) lamellae

The following are major steps in the process of intramembranous ossification:

1. Clusters of osteoblasts form osteoid that becomes mineralized. 2. Osteoblasts differentiate within mesenchymal connective tissue. 3. Spicules of bone radiate out from the ossification centers. 4. Mesenchymal cells aggregate.

The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification:

1. chondrocytes enlarge and calcify 2. bone forms at the diaphysis surface 3. blood vessels invade the inner cartilage and new osteoblasts at a primary ossification center 4. osteoclasts create a marrow cavity 5. secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses

Organize these steps in the healing process of bone into the correct order from the time of the injury until the bone is fully healed.

1. fracture hematoma forms to control bleeding 2. the cells of the endosteum and periosteum undergo rapid cell division 3. internal and external calluses form around the fractured bone 4. chondrocytes create cartilage stability between the parts of the bone fracture 5. Osteoblasts create spongy bone in the area of the fracture 6. compact bone replaces previous tissue

Match the vertebrae with the numbers of each in the body a) lumbar b) cervical c) thoracic

a) 5 b) 7 c) 12

One role of the fontanels of the skull is to a) allow for change in shape of the skull during childbirth b) lighten the weight of the skull bones c) serve as the final bony plates of the skull d) serve as ossification centers for the facial bones e) enclose the vertebral column

a) allow for change in shape of the skull during childbirth

Compared with the pectoral girdle, the pelvic girdle is a) comprised of more massive bones, which are adapted for weight bearing b) composed of more separate bones c) not as firmly anchored to the axial skeleton d) structurally identical e) more felxible and freely movable

a) comprised of more massive bones, which are adapted for weight bearing

The joints between the phalanges are classified as a) hinges b) saddle c) sutures d) gomphosis e) condyloid

a) hinges

Which of the following is formed via intramembranous ossification? a) mandible b) tibia c) carpal bones d) femur e) humerus

a) mandible

Match the characteristics with the type of bone tissue that shows that characteristic a) is created first in the early ossification processes b) contains osteons as a functional unit d) has lacunae within lamellae d) contains trabeculae as a functional unit e) tolerates stresses in many directions f) is found primarily in the epiphyses g) is found primarily in the diaphysis h) tolerates stresses primarily in one longitudinal direction

a) spongy bone only b) compact bone only c) both compact bone and spongy bone d) spongy bone only e) spongy bone only f) spongy bone only g) compact bone only h) compact bone only

The presence of an epiphyseal line instead of an epiphyseal plate indicates a) the bone is not going to get any longer b) the bone us fractured at the location c) growth in bone diameter is just the beginning d) epiphyseal growth is just beginning e) the presence of an epiphyseal line does not indicate any particular event

a) the bone is not going to get any longer

The bones of the upper arms and thighs are classifies as a) irregular bones b) long bones c) flat bones d) sesamoid bones e) short bones

b) long bones

The clavicle articulates with the a) body of the sternum b) manubrium c) ribs d) cervical vertebrae e) humerus

b) manubrium

The bones that form the palms of the hands are the a) planages b) metacarpals c) metatarsals d) carpals e) tarsals

b) metacarpals

older individuals suffer from a much higher proportion of hip fractures than the young. Why? a) the elderly have a greater incidence of arthritis b) older people have less bone density than the young c) hip fractures take longer to heal in older individuals d) children fall less than people in their middle ages and on e) the hip is not a stable joint

b) older people have less bone density than the young

The spinal cord lies within _____ of the vertebrae a) intervertebral foramen b) vertebral foramen c) transverse d) body e) superior articular foramen

b) vertebral foramen

The coxal bone forms by the fusion of which components a) the illium, ischium, and pubis b) the ala, illium, and capitulum c) the obturator, illium, and acromion d) the sacrum, coccyx, and acetabulum e) the acetabulum, femoral head, and pubis

a) the illium, ischium, and pubis

Which of the following primary functions of the skeletal system applies to the role of red bone marrow? a) movement b) protection c) blood cell protection d) support e) storage

c) blood cell protection

the atlas is classifies as a _____ vertebra a) lumbar b) sacral c) coccygeal d) thoracic e) cervical

e) cervical

Which structural feature of the scapula articulates with the humerus a) supraspinous fossa b) acromion c) subscapular fossa d) coracoid process e) glenoid cavity/fossa

e) glenoid cavity/fossa

The patella a) forms part of the ball and socket joint b) is made of cartilage in the tendon of the biceps femoris c) is normally on the lateral aspect of the knee joint d) articulates with the tibia and fibula e) glides over the smooth anterior surface, between the lateral and medial femoral condyles

e) glides over the smooth anterior surface, between the lateral and medial femoral condyles

The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the a) zygomatic b) cribriform plate c) temporal d) maxillary e) mandible

e) mandible

Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton? a) the vertebrae b) the manubriam c) the skull d) the sternum e) the scapula

e) the scapula

Ribs are connected to the sternum by separate cartiliaginous extensions called ______ ribs. a) vertebrochondral b) floating c) false d) sternal e) true

e) true