chapter 31 apush: final exam
Which presidential election joined those of 1876 and 1960 as the closest and most contested in American history?
2000
What contributed to the expanding role of China as the manufacturer of America's cheap consumer goods?
China's deliberate decision to keep its currency weak
Why did Bill Clinton have to worry in the wake of his 1992 election?
His victory was based on the smallest share of the vote since Nixon
Why did the World Wide Web prove instantly democratic when it became widely available in the 1990s?
It provided ordinary people with easy access to knowledge.
What organization did religious activist Randall Terry found in 1987?
Operation Rescue
A major anti-World Trade Organization (WTO) demonstration took place in 1999 in what city?
Seattle
What law passed during the Obama administration fulfilled a long-standing goal of Democrats? A. The American Recovery and Reinvest
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
In 1995, the regents of which university voted to abolish its affirmative action admissions policy?
The University of California
What was the original purpose of the Internet, which was developed during the late 1960s?
To serve as a way to preserve military communications in case of a Soviet attack
In 2002, the European Union introduced a standard currency, called the
euro.
Globalization advanced due to corporations' quest for new markets and their
search for ever-cheaper labor sources.
What did Patrick Buchanan mean when he talked about "a culture war" in the 1980s?
A struggle between liberalism and Christian morality
Who led Bill Clinton's health-care task force, which proposed national health-care reforms in 1993?
A.First Lady Hillary Clinton
The September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States by members of Al Qaeda were organized from Osama bin Laden's bases in which country?
Afghanistan
One of the signal pieces of legislation offered by the more conservative Clinton administration after 1995 eliminated
Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC).
In 1998, Congress enacted the Defense of Marriage Act, which had what effect?
Allowing states to refuse to recognize gay marriages or civil unions
Why did Muslim fundamentalists begin to target Americans in the 1990s?
Anger over the U.S. presence in Saudi Arabia
What impact did George W. Bush's presidency have on the federal deficit in the first decade of the twenty-first century?
Bush turned a budget surplus into a massive $8 trillion deficit by 2006.
What was the first state to have a "majority-minority" population?
California
What made Bill Clinton's and Albert Gore's 1992 national presidential ticket historically significant?
Clinton and Gore were the first baby-boomer presidential ticket.
Which pair of terms describes China during the first decade of the twenty-first century?
Communist government and capitalist economy
Why did conservatives oppose affirmative action in the 1990s and later?
Conservatives argued that it promoted "reverse discrimination."
In what region were the many nations that sought admission to NATO during Bill Clinton's presidency?
Eastern Europe
Why did the former Communist nation of Yugoslavia, in the Balkans region of Europe, break into several different states?
Ethnic differences
Why did profits of the American financial industry rise from less than 10 percent of total national business profits in the 1950s to more than 40 percent in the 1990s?
Financial deregulation
Why did the antiabortion movement become increasingly confrontational and politically powerful in the 1980s?
Fundamentalist Protestants had assumed leadership of the movement.
Which factor has been most important for the global integration of the world's economies?
Global financial markets became integrated.
How did George W. Bush justify his desire to invade Iraq in 2003?
He argued that it would be a preventative war against a "grave and gathering danger."
Who was Barack Obama's Republican challenger in the 2008 presidential election?
John McCain
The multipolar world that has emerged since the early 1990s is characterized by what?
Multiple major centers of power plus rising regional powers
How did the Clinton administration address the growing Al Qaeda terrorist network in Afghanistan?
Ordering air strikes on their bases
Why did Karl Rove encourage activists to place antigay initiatives on the ballot in some states during the 2004 election season?
Rove hoped to draw conservative voters to the polls in key states.
What success did the antiabortion movement achieve during the 1980s and 1990s?
State laws limiting public funding for abortions
What followed the Bush administration's March 2003 invasion of Iraq?
Terrorists entered the chaotic country and launched assaults that killed thousands.
What aspect of the Bush v. Gore (2000) U.S. Supreme Court decision indicated its partisanship?
The Court's declaration that the case could not be used as precedent
Why did journalists on cable news networks like CNN and Fox News increasingly abandon their responsibilities as conveyors of information to take on the role of entertainers and provocateurs in the 1990s?
The networks recognized that nothing drew in viewers like aggressive partisanship.
What made the Supreme Court's ruling in the 2003 case Lawrence v. Texas a landmark decision?
The ruling limited states' power to prohibit private homosexual activity between consenting adults.
What was the U.S. Congress hoping to achieve when it passed the USA PATRIOT Act in 2001?
The suspension of certain civil liberties protections in the interests of national security
How did the issue of the Iraq War contribute to the outcome of the 2004 elections?
The war spurred the highest voter turnout since the 1968 election.
What happened to the conflict over abortion rights during the 1990s?
They became more politicized.
Why did conservative Republicans favor a much lower standard for Clinton's impeachment in 1998 than they had in the past?
They did not accept the legitimacy of Bill Clinton's presidency.
Why did the United States, Canada, and Mexico sign the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1993?
They hoped to offset the economic power of the European bloc.
How did President Obama's judicial appointments affect the composition of the U.S. Supreme Court?
They increased both the number of women justices and the Court's ethnic diversity.
How did President Bill Clinton's health-care task force respond to the potency of Reagan Republican attacks on big government?
They proposed "managed competition."
Why did critics warn against the massive tax cuts of the Bush administration in 2001?
They warned that the cuts would plunge the government into debt.
Why did 50,000 protesters gather at the annual meeting of the World Trade Organization in Seattle in 1999?
They were protesting unequal distribution of costs and benefits of globalization.
What was the result of President Bill Clinton's impeachment and trial in 1998 and 1999?
Weakening both the president and members of Congress
In the 1980s, radical Islamic fundamentalists in the Middle East built a movement based on fanatical opposition to
Western imperialism and consumer culture.
During the 1990s, the people of the state of California expressed their anxieties over multiculturalism by
passing a series of laws and regulations ending affirmative action.