Chapter 31 (History 152)

revamped approach to relations with Latin America designed to rely less on military intervention and more on business investment; most closely associated with President Franklin Roosevelt

"Good Neighbor Policy."

moral philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence embraced by Gandhi

ahimsa

What was the defining feature of Mohandas Gandhi's technique of satyagrha ("truth and firmness")?

passive, nonviolent resistance

President Taft's policy of pushing businesses to develop foreign markets through peaceful commerce in order to help avoid expensive military intervention

"Good Neighbor Policy."Dollar Diplomacy

Mexican artist and political activist who sought to criticize the economic dependency and political repressiveness engendered by U.S. neocolonialism in Latin America

Diego Rivera

Which Latin American nation experienced the longest period of U.S. financial supervision?

Dominican Republic

The Long March

greatly strengthened Mao Zedong's leadership position.

Gandhi's practice of satyagraha was

his technique of passive resistance.

What Latin American economic policy priority was prompted by the global depression?

internal economic development

Getúlio Dornelles Vargas focused on which of the following policies in Brazil?

internal economic development through a program of industrialization

Which vision of Japan's future won out in the turbulent political contests of the 1930s?

militarist

Which of the following best describes the intentions of the United States' "Good Neighbor Policy"?

non-interventionist

Which European ideology figured prominently in pan-Africanism?

racism

Which colonial African industry employed widespread use of forced or coerced labor?

railroad construction

Which of the following was NOT one of the foundations of Gandhi's philosophy or strategy?

reducing the power of the Indian National Congress

Which of the following was the major inspiration for most revolts of Africans against European rule during the Great War?

resentment engendered by the compulsory conscription of soldiers and carriers

Which of the following occurred after the Chinese revolution of 1911?

rule by warlords

What was the initial strategy of the Indian National Congress?

stressing collaboration with the British to bring self-rule to India

Which of the following groups was the primary participant in the Long March?

the Chinese Communists

Which two countries exerted the most neo-imperial influence in Latin America in the early twentieth century?

the United States and Great Britain

Which of the following was among the provisions of the Government of India Act?

the establishment of autonomous legislative bodies in the provinces of British India

(q 20)In the decades following the Great War, the economies of most African colonies were dominated by

the export of unprocessed raw materials or minimally processed cash crops.

Between 1898 and 1934, how many times did the United States intervene militarily in Cuba?

three times

Which of the following was among Sun Yatsen's goals?

to bring the entire country under the control of the Guomindang

In which direction did communists of the Long March first move after being attacked by the Guomindang?

west

political and spiritual leader of the Indian Independence movement, assassinated by a Hindu extremist in 1948

Gandhi

twentieth century Brazilian statesman who ruled Brazil as a virtual dictator

Getúlio Dornelles Vargas

the Chinese Nationalist People's Party led by Sun Yatsen which sought national reunification, economic development, and universal suffrage

Guomindang

literally meaning the "children of God," very low-status Indian people who are outside the caste system

Harijan

Which of the following is true of Marcus Garvey?

He promoted the unification of all people of African descent into a single African state.

prime minister of Japan from December 1931 to May 1932

Inukai Tsuyoshi

Which of the following accurately characterizes Japanese economic development during and after the Great War?

Involvement in the Great War brought an economic boost, but the postwar economy faced a series of recessions.

Which of the following accurately describes the May Fourth Movement?

It involved all classes of Chinese protesting against foreign, especially Japanese, interference.

leader of the Kuomintang Party after the death of Sun Yatsen in 1925; also known as Chiang Kai-shek

Jiang Jieshi

Mao Zedong's main rival after 1925 was

Jiang Jieshi.

immensely articulate nationalist and member of the African "new elite" who led Kenya to independence from the British

Jomo Kenyatta

In what area of China did Japan establish a puppet state in 1932?

Manchuria

Jamaican nationalist leader who thought of all Africans as members of a single race and who promoted the unification of all people of African descent into a single African state

Marcus Garvey

In the early twentieth century, which European ideology gained strong support among Latin American intellectuals and artists?

Marxism

Indian statesman and founder of the state of Pakistan

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Muhammad Ali Jinnah called for the creation of

Pakistan.

In which Latin American nation did the United States support a revolution in 1903?

Panama

meaning "truth and firmness"; Gandhi's technique of passive resistance

Satyagraha

How did Roosevelt and administration officials react to Mexican president Lázaro Cárdenas' nationalization of the Mexican oil industry?

They resisted the demands of big businesses and instead called for a cool, calm response and negotiations.

Which of the following describes the economic relationship between the United States and Latin America between 1924 and 1929?

U.S. businesses more than doubled their financial interests in Latin America.

Which of the following was the key reason for the adoption of "dollar diplomacy"?

U.S. leaders realized the costliness and the ineffectiveness of direct interventions in Latin America.

also known as Puyi, the twelfth and final Quing emperor to rule China

Xuantong

Which city lay between the core territory of the Guomindang and Manchuria?

Yan'an

Which city was the destination of retreating communist forces during the Long March of 1934-36?

Yan'an

Which body of water marked the northern limit of the territory under effective control of the Guomindang in 1934?

Yellow River

In which year did the United States first intervene in Latin America?

1895

Which nation sold the Virgin Islands to the United States in 1917?

Denmark

The "new elite" in colonial Africa derived its status from

European-style education and employment in the colonial state and businesses.

During the colonial period, who generally benefited most from European infrastructure investment in Africa?

Europeans and European businesses

Which of the following is NOT true regarding Africa during the decades after the Great War?

Europeans promoted rapid, intensive industrialization in their colonial economies.

Which region of China remained largely beyond the control of the Guomindang?

central region

Under President Taft, U.S. neocolonialism is best characterized as which of the following?

dollar diplomacy

During the 1930s, what was Chinese nationalist leader Jiang Jieshi's primary policy priority?

eliminating the Chinese communists