Chapter 31: Lymphatic System
Hassall corpuscles are part of the: a. thymus. b. spleen. c. tonsils. d. thoracic duct.
A
In advanced old age, the thymus may be largely replaced by: a. fat. b. protein. c. scar tissue. d. cartilage.
A
Lymph circulation is maintained by all of the following except: a. the heart. b. inspiration. c. skeletal muscle contractions. d. valves.
A
Lymph enters a node via: a. afferent lymph vessels. b. efferent lymph vessels. c. sinuses. d. trabeculae.
A
Peyer patches are isolated nodules of lymph tissue in the: a. intestinal wall. b. bronchial tree of the lungs. c. throat. d. bladder and urethra.
A
Relative to the rest of the body, the thymus is largest at _____ years of age. a. 2 b. 10 c. 20 d. 50
A
The lymph nodes located in the groin are called the: a. inguinal lymph nodes. b. axillary lymph nodes. c. submaxillary group. d. submental group.
A
The lymph taken from what location has the highest concentration of protein? a. Thoracic duct b. Cisterna chyli c. Spleen d. Thymus
A
The main difference between the composition of lymph and interstitial fluid and the composition of plasma is the _____ percentage of _____ in lymph and interstitial fluid. a. lower; proteins b. higher; proteins c. lower; fats d. higher; fats
A
The size of lymph nodes varies from _____ mm to more than _____ mm in diameter. a. 1; 20 b. 10; 35 c. 20; 45 d. 30; 65
A
Which of the following is a function of the thymus? a. It serves as the final site of lymphocyte development before birth. b. Soon after birth, it begins to secrete a group of hormones that enable lymphocytes to develop into mature T cells. c. Soon after birth, it begins to secrete a hormone that actively stimulates the posterior pituitary to release oxytocin. d. Both A and B are functions of the thymus.
A
Which of the following is not a function of the spleen? a. White blood cell destruction b. Platelet destruction c. Reservoir for blood d. Hematopoiesis
A
Why is having an understanding of the lymphatic drainage of the breast important in formulating the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer? a. A single cell of a primary cancer tumor can spread to other areas of the body through the lymphatic system and cause metastasis. b. Removing the cancer can stop drainage of blood from the tumor and increase the flow of drainage of lymph from the breast area. c. The lymphatic drainage will start to clot and decrease further lymphatic drainage. d. The cancerous breast tissue will decrease lymphatic drainage, thus inhibiting the spreading of the tumor cells.
A
Adenitis is: a. an infected adenoid. b. an infected lymph node. c. tissue swelling. d. none of the above.
B
Lymph ducts empty into the circulatory system, draining into the: a. jugular vein. b. subclavian veins. c. superior vena cava. d. inferior vena cava.
B
The cisterna chyli: a. originates in the right lymphatic duct. b. originates in the thoracic duct. c. is the storage area for hormones made by the thymus gland. d. filters the chyle coming from the small intestine.
B
The lymph nodes located in the neck along the sternocleidomastoid muscle are called the: a. submental and submaxillary groups. b. superficial cervical lymph nodes. c. supratrochlear lymph nodes. d. superficial cubital lymph nodes.
B
The part of the lymphatic system that secretes a hormone is the: a. spleen. b. thymus. c. lymph nodes. d. palatine tonsils.
B
The percentage of the total proteins that leak out of the capillaries into the tissue fluid on a daily basis is: a. 40%. b. 50%. c. 60%. d. 70%.
B
The spleen ____ during infectious diseases and ____ in old age. a. atrophies; hypertrophies b. hypertrophies; atrophies c. secretes hormones; stops functioning d. None of the above is correct.
B
The spleen is located in the _____ region. a. right hypochondriac b. left hypochondriac c. epigastric d. left lumbar
B
The tonsils found at the base of the eustachian tubes are called: a. palatine tonsils. b. tubal tonsils. c. lingual tonsils. d. adenoids.
B
The tonsils located near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity are called the _____ tonsils. a. palatine b. pharyngeal c. lingual d. laryngeal
B
What structure drains lymph from about three fourths of the body into the subclavian vein? a. Right lymphatic duct b. Thoracic duct c. Cisterna chyli d. Spleen
B
Which of the following is not true of lymph nodes? a. They are oval or lima bean shaped. b. They have one afferent vessel. c. They act as a biological filter. d. They are divided by trabeculae.
B
How are lymphatic capillaries related to the function of the lymphatic system? a. The wall of the lymphatic capillary consists of a multiple layer of flattened endothelial cells that prevents drainage of blood into the lymphatic system. b. The lymphatic capillary network allows lymph to flow from the larger-walled capillaries into the vessels with a thin wall diameter. c. The high degree of permeability of the lymphatic capillary wall permits very large molecules and even particulate matter, which cannot be absorbed into the blood capillary, to be removed from the interstitial space. d. The thoracic duct is approximately the same size as the large veins and forms an open circuit to drain fluid into the renal system.
C
How do the reticuloendothelial cells compare to white blood cells as a defense against infection? a. Only white blood cells play a role in the body's defense against infection. b. There is no comparison between these two types of cells; reticuloendothelial cells are in the lymphatic system and the white blood cells are part of the circulatory system. c. Reticuloendothelial cells (macrophages) lining the spleen remove microorganisms from the blood and destroy them by phagocytosis in a fashion similar to that of white blood cells. d. Reticuloendothelial cells (macrophages) lining the spleen prevent microorganisms from entering the blood in a similar fashion as do white blood cells, thus preventing infection.
C
Lymph flows through the thoracic duct and reenters the general circulation at the rate of about _____ liter(s) per day. a. 1 b. 0.5 c. 3 d. 5
C
The cluster of lymph nodes found in the underarm and upper chest regions is referred to as _____ nodes. a. superficial cervical b. inguinal c. axillary d. superficial cubital
C
The cutaneous lymphatic plexus drains lymph from the: a. forearm. b. facial areas. c. breast. d. leg.
C
The high concentration of protein in the thoracic duct results from the protein-rich lymph that drains from the: a. skeletal muscle groups. b. bronchial tree of the lung. c. liver. d. Both A and C are correct.
C
The size of the thymus is the largest at: a. birth. b. 2 years of age. c. puberty. d. approximately 25 years of age.
C
The thymus is located in the: a. right hypochondriac region. b. left hypochondriac region. c. mediastinum. d. neck.
C
The thymus secretes: a. T3. b. T4. c. thymosin. d. both A and C.
C
The thymus undergoes involution during: a. early childhood. b. puberty. c. old age. d. fetal development.
C
The tonsils located near the base of the tongue are called the _____ tonsils. a. palatine b. pharyngeal c. lingual d. laryngeal
C
The vast majority of the body's lymph is drained by the _____ duct. a. right lymphatic b. left lymphatic c. thoracic d. abdominal
C
Which best describes the mechanism involved with the central movement, or flow, of lymph? a. Movement is caused by gravity. b. Lymph flow is caused by relaxation of the skeletal muscles. c. Lymph flow in the body is the result of contracting skeletal muscles. d. Lymph flow is caused by the contraction of blood vessels.
C
Which of the following is a true statement? a. The wall of the lymphatic capillary consists of a multiple layer of flattened endothelial cells. b. Lymphatic and blood capillary networks are dependent on each other. c. Lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant, drains eventually into the thoracic duct. d. The thoracic duct is approximately the same size as the large veins.
C
Which of the following is not a lymph organ? a. Thymus b. Spleen c. Pancreas d. Tonsils
C
Which of the following is not part of the lymphatic system? a. Thymus b. Spleen c. Thyroid d. Peyer patches
C
Which of the following is not part of the lymphatic system? a. Tonsils b. Bone marrow c. Liver d. All of the above are part of the lymphatic system.
C
Which tonsils are known as adenoids when they become swollen? a. Lingual b. Sublingual c. Pharyngeal d. Palatine
C
Which would you predict would occur if a disease blocked the flow of lymph? a. Lymphokinesis would increase. b. Hematopoiesis would not occur. c. The liver might become enlarged or lymphedema may occur. d. The affected extremity would begin to shrink and become useless.
C
_____ of the lymph from the breast enters the lymph nodes of the axillary region. a. Less than 50% b. Less than 25% c. More than 85% d. More than 95%
C
A person with thymus malfunction would: a. produce fewer B cells, thus reducing the effectiveness of the immune system. b. experience an inhibition of thymosin, thus creating an increased number of macrophages in the body. c. produce more T cells, thus reducing the effectiveness of the immune system. d. produce fewer T cells, thus reducing the effectiveness of the immune system.
D
A type of blood cell produced by lymph nodes is called a(n): a. eosinophil. b. erythrocyte. c. neutrophil. d. monocyte.
D
About half of the lymph flowing through the thoracic duct comes from the: a. liver. b. small intestine. c. spleen. d. Both A and B are correct.
D
All of the following are functions of the lymphatic system except: a. transporting interstitial fluid back to the bloodstream. b. providing immunological defenses. c. transporting absorbed fats from the intestine to the blood. d. filtering metabolic wastes.
D
An infection in the thumb may result in enlargement of the _____ nodes. a. submental b. inguinal c. superficial cervical d. superficial cubital
D
How would muscle contraction affect lymphokinetic action? a. There is no association between muscle contraction and lymphokinetic action. b. A decreased flow of lymph that occurs with increased physical activity helps return fluid to the cardiovascular system. c. Contraction of the smooth muscle in the thoracic vessel walls prohibits lymphatic vessels from pulsing rhythmically and, thus, helps to keep lymph from moving from one valved segment to the next. d. Increased external pressure from muscle contraction also increases lymphatic pressure, which results in keeping lymph moving in only one direction.
D
If lymphatic return is blocked: a. blood protein concentration soon falls below normal. b. blood osmotic pressure soon falls below normal. c. fluid imbalance and death will result. d. all of the above will occur.
D
Lacteals: a. drain into the right lymphatic duct. b. are the lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines. c. are able to absorb fat from the digestive system. d. Both B and C are correct.
D
Lymph capillaries called lacteals are located in the: a. spleen. b. liver. c. thymus. d. small intestine.
D
Lymphatics resemble veins except that lymphatics: a. have thinner walls. b. contain more valves. c. contain lymph nodes located at certain intervals along their course. d. All of the above are correct.
D
Michael, a 43-year-old man, was in a serious car accident. He has a rigid and tender left hypochondrium region. His blood pressure is dropping, and he is in pain. What organ might be involved in this injury? a. Kidney b. Liver c. Pancreas d. Spleen
D
The breast—the mammary gland and surrounding tissue—is drained by the: a. lymphatics that originate in and drain the skin over the breast with the exception of the areola and nipple. b. lymphatics that originate in and drain the substance of the breast itself, as well as the skin of the areola and nipple. c. inguinal lymph nodes. d. Both A and B are correct.
D
The lymph nodes located just above the bend of the elbow are called the _____ lymph nodes. a. inguinal b. axillary c. superficial cervical d. supratrochlear
D
The lymph nodes perform which of the following functions? a. Control blood pressure b. Defense c. Hematopoiesis d. Both B and C
D
The lymph pressure gradient is established by: a. breathing movements. b. skeletal muscle contractions. c. parasympathetic stimulation. d. both A and B.
D
The pulp of the spleen and its venous sinuses allow it to store up to _____ ml of blood. a. 100 b. 150 c. 250 d. 350
D
Which of the following is a function of lymph nodes? a. Hematopoiesis b. Filtration c. Phagocytosis d. All of the above
D
Which of the following is a lymphokinetic factor? a. Arterial pulsations b. Postural changes c. Passive compression of the body soft tissues d. All of the above
D
Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland? a. Relative size is largest in early childhood. b. It is the primary central organ of the lymphatic system. c. It functions in the immune mechanism. d. It functions mostly in adult life.
D
