Chapter 3.2 Hinduism and Buddhism Development

Upanishads

A major book in Hinduism that is often in the form of dialogues that explored the Vedas and the religious issues that they raised. (dialogues between teacher and student)

Reincarnation

In Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding

Nirvana

a state of perfect peace

Who were the four people that the Buddha saw?

an old man, a sick man, corpse, and a wandering holy man

Brahma

creator god

What did a mark symbolize in Buddhism?

destined to become a ruler if he stayed at home if he left he would become a spiritual ruler

Shiva

destroyer

What is the birthplace of Siddhartha?

fig tree at Gaya

Atman

in Hindu belief, a person's essential self (soul)

Hindu beliefs

liberating the soul from the illusions, disappointments, mistakes of life

Who were the people that could obtain moksha in one lifetime?

men in the top three castes

Devi

the Great Mother Goddess

What was super important to the Hindu people?

the caste structure it determined their lifestyles

Vishnu

the protector god; would take other forms: Krishna (cow herder)

Hindusim

the religion that believes in Karma. The leaders are called Brahmans. They believed in a main god called Branhman. This religion was formed around 1500 b.c!

What did the caste system determine?

the work they did, whom they could marry and the people with whom they could eat

Buddhism and Society

- Buddha rejects caste system - women allowed into religious order - Buddhism rejects the gods of Hinduism - rejected the brahmin caste -teaching were written after the death of the Buddha

What are the similarities and differences between Hinduism and Buddhism?

- both believe in reincarnation, karma, and enlightenment - both began in India - Buddhism has no gods, no caste, founder Siddhartha Gautama, Four noble Truths, Eightfold Path, and Meditation, Buddha, nirvana. - Hinduism is polytheistic, has a caste system, no founder, moksha, atman, Brahman, Vedas and Upanishads.

Buddhism in India

-it almost disappeared and Hinduism took over believed to be Vishnu

Four Noble Truths of Buddhism

1) life is full of suffering. 2) suffering comes from desires/wanting 3) Suffering stops when desires/wanting stops 4) The way to overcome non virtue is to follow the Eightfold Path

Trade & Buddhism

Buddhism spreads out of India, to the Silk Road, Japan, and Korea.

What is the fundamental teaching of Hinduism?

It is called Vedanta. " A human beings basic nature is not confined to the body or the mind. Beyond both of these is the spirit or the spark of god within the soul. "

What strengthened the caste system?

Karma and reincarnation

How do you liberate oneself from desires and sufferings?

Moksha: state of perfect understanding, release form life. It is not attainable in one lifetime.

What is the Eightfold Path?

ROAD TO ENLIGHTENMENT - Guide to behavior -would take many lifetimes to accomplish - if you followed the path you would reach nirvana

Karma

The belief that actions in this life, whether good or bad, will decide your place in the next life. (caste you are in)

Who was Siddhartha Gautama?

The founder of Buddhism. He was born into a high caste and followed Hinduism. He was looking for a reason for suffering. Seeking enlightenment or wisdom. he fasted for 49 days only eating rice and he reached enlightenment on the 49th day, understood the cause of suffering.

Buddhism main beliefs

To do no evil; to cultivate good; to purify one's mind

Why was trade so important for religion?

Trade not only allowed the bringing of goods, arts, and ideas it also allowed the spread of religious beliefs like Buddhism and Hinduism. Through trade Hinduism specifically grew the most and spread worldwide all the way to China and then Korea and Japan. Without trade, these religions would be nowhere as well known as they are today. Also, trade allowed for other ideas and customs to be brought into the religions. The main importance of trade was cultural diffusion.

What beliefs develop into Hinduism and Buddhism?

Vedic Age

Was there a founder of Hinduism?

no

Who could only obtain moksha in their present life?

only men in the top three castes

stupas

sacred grounds/mounds with relics

Vedas

scared texts and oral traditions passed down from teacher to student

Why is life full of suffering?

selfish wants and desires

Origins of Hinduism

started 4000 years ago in India - it is the world's oldest religion with over 1 billion followers today