Chapter 33 Patho Prep U
Which substance would not be found in glomerular filtrate?
Protein
Prior to undergoing diagnostic testing with contrast, it is recommended that older adult clients have their creatinine level checked. The rationale for this is to ensure the client:
will not undergo an acute kidney injury by decreasing renal blood flow.
A nurse's neighbor is experiencing some odd symptoms, and asks the nurse about them. The neighbor states having blood in the urine intermittently and thinks there is a lump in the back (where kidney is located). What advice is most appropriate for the nurse to relay to this neighbor?
"Make an appointment with your health care provider immediately."
Which client is likely at the greatest risk of developing a urinary tract infection?
A 79-year-old client with an indwelling catheter
The nurse on a geriatric unit is assessing four clients. Which client is most likely to exhibit bacteriuria?
A client who has a urinary catheter in place due to confusion
A 34-year-old woman presents with an abrupt onset of shaking chills, moderate to high fever, and a constant ache in her lower back. She is also experiencing dysuria, urinary frequency, and a feeling of urgency. Her partner states that she has been very tired the last few days and that she looked like she may have the flu. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Acute pyelonephritis
Most primary glomerular disease is caused by which pathophysiologic disorder?
Autoimmunity
The nurse suspects that a newborn infant who presents with bilateral flank masses, impaired lung development, and oliguria may be suffering from which disorder?
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)
Acute pyelonephritis is a result of:
Bacterial infection
Hospitalized neonates are at greatest risk of developing septicemia related to which procedure?
Catheter-associated bacteriuria
The family asks the nurse what the usual treatment of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis entails. What is the nurse's best response?
Corticosteroids
Which laboratory findings would the nurse anticipate in a client diagnosed with nephritic syndrome?
Elevated urine protein level (>3.5 g/day) and hypoalbuminemia
Which clients would be considered at a higher risk for developing Goodpasture syndrome, an aggressive form of glomerulonephritis? Select all that apply.
Hair stylist expert who specializes in coloring (dying) hair Older adult with a recent influenza infection Painter working with a busy construction crew who finishes all the house painting, indoor and outdoor The cause of Goodpasture syndrome is unknown, although influenza infection and exposure to hydrocarbon solvent (found in paints and dyes) have been implicated in some persons, as have various drugs and cancers. There is not a greater risk associated with truck drivers or electricians.
Which factor contributes to the development of polycystic kidney disease?
Hereditary mutations in polycystin I and II
A nurse advises a client with recurring UTIs to drink large amounts of water. What normal protective action is the nurse telling the client to utilize?
Increase washout of urine
The nurse is assessing a client who has a unilateral obstruction of the urinary tract. Which clinical finding by the nurse correlates to this diagnosis?
Increased blood pressure
The nurse is planning care for a client with a urinary tract obstruction. The nurse includes assessment for which possible complication?
Increased blood pressure
Unilateral obstruction of the urinary tract may result in renin secretion, thereby leading to which manifestation?
Increased blood pressure
A client has recently undergone successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the treatment of renal calculi. Which measures should the client integrate into his or her lifestyle to reduce the risk of recurrence?
Increased fluid intake and dietary changes
If a client is in the early phases of nephrotic syndrome, which area of the body will likely have the initial presence of edema?
Lower extremities
Which assessment finding would lead the nurse to suspect the client has developed nephrotic syndrome?
Proteinuria and generalized edema
An older adult client has been hospitalized for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Which characteristic of the client is most likely implicated in the etiology of this current health problem
Recently had a urinary tract infection
What is the most common cancer of the kidney?
Renal cell carcinoma
A nurse observes that a client's urine is cola colored and considers which factor as a possible reason?
The client's urine contains material from the degradation of red blood cells.
The nurse caring for an older adult notes a marked decrease in mental acuity over a 24-hour period. What assessment indicates the most likely cause of this change?
Urine cloudy with strong odor
The nurse recognizes the most common cause of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis as:
a streptococcal infection 7 to 12 days prior to onset.
Which statement about the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is accurate?
ACE inhibitors may interrupt the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to reduce renal vasoconstriction
A client diagnosed with Goodpasture syndrome would require which therapy to remove proteins and autoantibodies from the system?
Plasmapheresis
A female teenager has experienced three uncomplicated urinary tract infections in the past 3 months. Which action should the nurse include in education for this teenager?
Taking antimicrobials to treat Escherichia coli while forcing fluids
What is the usual cause of acute pyelonephritis?
Infection
