Chapter 34 Med-Surg Prepu
A client with leukemia is being discharged from the hospital to hospice care. Which statement by the client indicates the client is not appropriately dealing with spiritual distress?
"I do not understand why this happened to me."
Which statement indicates the client understands teaching about induction therapy for leukemia?
"I will be in the hospital for several weeks."
A nurse cares for a client with early Hodgkin lymphoma. While assessing the client, the nurse will most likely find painless enlargement of which lymph node?
Non painful swelling of the cervical lymph nodes is the earliest symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma.
The nurse is teaching a client who is undergoing diagnostic tests for multiple myeloma. What clinical findings support the client's diagnosis of multiple myeloma?
serum albumin level of 2.0 g/dL normal: 3.4-5.4
A nurse is assessing a client with multiple myeloma. Due to this condition, what will this client be at risk for?
pathologic bone fractures.
Which statement best describes the function of stem cells in the bone marrow?
They produce all blood cells.
The nurse is assessing a client admitted with a deep vein thrombosis with an elevated red blood cell count. The admitting diagnosis is polycythemia vera. What is the hallmark clinical sign of PV?
splenomegaly
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results from a defect in the hematopoietic stem cell that differentiates into which of the following myeloid cells? Select all that apply.
Monocytes Granulocytes Erythrocytes Platelets
The nurse cares for an older adult client with unprovoked back pain and increased serum protein. Which hematologic neoplasm does the nurse suspect the client has?
Multiple myeloma
The hospitalized client is experiencing gastrointestinal bleeding with a platelets at 9,000/mm³. The client is receiving prednisone and azathioprine. What action will the nurse take?
Perform a neurologic assessment with vital signs. - <10,000 platelets= cranial bleeding
A client with suspected multiple myeloma is reporting back pain. What is the priority nursing action?
Send the client for a spinal x-ray study.
The nurse is caring for a client with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with high uric acid levels. What medication does the nurse anticipate administering that will prevent crystallization of uric acid and stone formation?
allopurinol
The nurse is caring for a client with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who is taking imatinib mesylate. In what phase of the leukemia does the nurse understand that this medication is most useful to induce remission?
Chronic
A client diagnosed with polycythemia vera has come into the clinic because he has developed a nighttime cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath. What complication would you suspect in this client?
Congestive heart failure
A client with leukemia has developed a cough and increased fatigue. What is the primary nursing intervention?
Evaluate the client for potential infection.
A client who is being treated for AML has bruises on both legs. What is the nurse's mostappropriate action?
Evaluate the client's platelet count.
The nurse is administering packed red blood cell (RBC) transfusions for a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The patient has had several transfusions and is likely to receive several more. What is a priority for the nurse to monitor related to the transfusions?
iron levels - watch for iron toxicity/overload
A client with acute myeloid leukemia has a fever. What pathophysiological process does the nurse recognize is the cause of the client's fever?
neutropenia
A patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is having hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with radiation therapy. In which complication do the donor's lymphocytes recognize the patient's body as foreign and set up reactions to attack the foreign host?
Graft-versus-host disease
When assessing a female client with a disorder of the hematopoietic or the lymphatic system, which assessment is most essential?
Health history, such as bleeding, fatigue, or fainting
A client has been diagnosed with polycythemia vera. What is the best instruction for the nurse to give to this client?
Maintain adequate blood pressure control
A client has completed induction therapy and has diarrhea and severe mucositis. What is the appropriate nursing goal?
Maintain nutrition.
The nurse suspects that a client has multiple myeloma based on the client's major presenting symptom and the analysis of laboratory results. What classic symptom for multiple myeloma does the nurse assess for?
Bone pain in the back of the ribs
The nurse is discussing disorders of the hematopoietic system when a client asked about erythrocytosis. What disease will the nurse mention with a primary characteristic of erythrocytosis?
polycythemia vera
The nurse assesses a patient for late-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) by looking for what?
thrombocytopenia - thrombocytopenia and anemia are LATE stage signs of CLL
A client was admitted to the hospital with a pathologic pelvic fracture. The client informs the nurse that he has been having a strange pain in the pelvic area for a couple of weeks that was getting worse with activity prior to the fracture. What does the nurse suspect may be occurring based on these symptoms?
Multiple myeloma
The nurse is caring for a client with multiple myeloma. Why would it be important to assess this client for fractures?
Osteoclasts break down bone cells so pathologic fractures occur.
A nurse cares for an adult client with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Which statements regarding the disease will the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.
"This type of leukemia primarily impacts older adults." "This type of leukemia is rarely seen in certain ethnicities."
A client presents with peripheral neuropathy and hypoesthesia of the feet. What is the best nursing intervention?
Assess for signs of injury
The nurse is assessing a patent with polycythemia vera. What skin assessment data would the nurse determine is a normal finding for this patient?
ruddy complexion
A client is newly diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma. The nurse understands that the client's treatment will be based on what concept?
staging of disease
Which patient assessed by the nurse is most likely to develop myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)?
A 72-year-old patient with a history of cancer
Which term refers to a form of white blood cell involved in immune response?
Lymphocyte
The nurse is teaching a client about the development of leukemia. What statement should be included in the teaching plan?
"Chronic leukemia develops slowly."
The nurse is teaching the client about consolidation. What statement should be included in the teaching plan?
"Consolidation therapy is administered to reduce the chance of leukemia recurrence."
A client is being evaluated for a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). What diagnostic indicator will the nurse assess?
A leukocyte count >100,000/mm3
A client who is undergoing chemotherapy for AML reports pain in the low back. What is the nurse's first action?
Assess renal function.
A client with AML has pale mucous membranes and bruises on the legs. What is the primarynursing intervention?
Assess the client's hemoglobin and platelets.
A client is receiving radiation therapy for lesions in the abdomen from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Because of the effects of the radiation treatments, what will the nurse assess for?
Diarrheal stools
A client with multiple myeloma is complaining about pain. What instructions will the nurse give the client to help to reduce pain during activity?
Do not lift more than 10 pounds.
Which precautions should a nurse include in the care plan for a client with leukemia and neutropenia?
Eliminate fresh fruits and vegetables, avoid using enemas, and practice frequent hand washing.
A client with multiple myeloma reports uncomfortable muscle cramping. Which nursing interventions will the nurse implement in response to the client's report of symptoms? Select all that apply.
Encourage hydration Encourage ambulation
A nurse is caring for a client with multiple myeloma. Which laboratory value is the nurse most likely to see?
Hypercalcemia
A patient with AML is having aggressive chemotherapy to attempt to achieve remission. The patient is aware that hospitalization will be necessary for several weeks. What type of therapy will the nurse explain that the patient will receive?
Induction therapy
A nurse caring for a client with myeloma prepares to administer dexamethasone to the client. What is the nurse's best understanding of how this medication is an effective treatment option for this client?
It kills affected cells.
What assessment finding best indicates that the client has recovered from induction therapy?
Neutrophil and platelet counts within normal limits
Which term refers to an abnormal decrease in white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets?
Pancytopenia
The nurse is performing an assessment on a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and observes multiple areas of ecchymosis and petechiae. What laboratory study should the nurse be concerned about?
Platelet count of 9,000/mm3
The nurse recognizes the clinical assessment of a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) includes observing for signs of infection early. What nursing action will most likely help prevent infection?
Practice vigilant handwashing.
A client with multiple myeloma reports severe paresthesia in the feet. When planning care for the client, which priority nursing diagnosis will the nurse choose?
Risk for falls
The nurse is interacting with a family that has been caring for a client with cancer for several months. What are the best interventions to assist in relieving caregiver stress in this family? Select all that apply.
Suggest support for household maintenance. Educate the family about medications and side effects. Allow family members to express feelings.
The nurse is assessing several clients. Which client does the nurse determine is most likely to have Hodgkin lymphoma?
The client with enlarged lymph nodes in the neck.
A client is suspected of having leukemia and is having a series of laboratory and diagnostic studies performed. What does the nurse recognize as the hallmark signs of leukemia? Select all that apply.
Frequent infections Fatigue from anemia Easy bruising
A nurse plans care for a client with multiple myeloma. Using the CRAB acronym for symptoms associated with this disease, which clinical features does the nurse expect to find upon assessment of the client? Select all that apply.
Hypercalcemia Renal insufficiency Anemia Bone lesions
Place the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma in the correct order.
Proliferation of abnormal plasma cells Release of osteoclast-activating factor Break down and removal of bone cells Increased blood calcium levels
The nurse cares for a client with acute myeloid leukemia with severe bone pain. What pathophysiological concept does the nurse understand is the reason for the client's pain?
bone marrow expands
A nurse prepares a client for a bone marrow biopsy who is suspected of having acute myeloid leukemia. What results from the bone marrow biopsy does the nurse expect?
excess of immature leukocytes
A client with multiple myeloma presents to the emergency department and reports excessive thirst and constipation. Family members report that the client has been confused for the last day. Which laboratory value is most likely responsible for this client's symptoms?
Serum calcium level 13.8 mg/dl
A client with polycythemia vera reports gouty arthritis symptoms in the toes and fingers. What is the nurse's best understanding of the pathophysiological reason for this symptom?
The dead red blood cells release excess uric acid.