Chapter 34: Multiple choice

ischemic heart disease

Diastolic dysfunction

An important factor in the mortality of severe shock is acute renal failure. What is the degree of renal damage related to in shock?

severity and duration of shock.

What are the physiologic signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock?

Decreased mean arterial pressure Increased central venous pressure Increased extraction of O2 from hemoglobin

Neurogenic shock, or spinal shock, is a phenomenon caused by the inability of the vasomotor center in the brain stem to control blood vessel tone through the sympathetic outflow to the blood vessels. In neurogenic shock, what happens to the heart rate and the skin?

Heart rate slower than normal

Paget disease

High-output failure

Anaphylactic shock is the most severe form of systemic allergic reaction. Immunologically medicated substances are released into the blood, causing vasodilation and an increase in capillary permeability. What physiologic response often accompany the vascular response in anaphylaxis?

Laryngeal edema.

cardiomyopathy

Low-output failure

What is the primary cause of heart failure in infants and children?

Structural (congenital) heart defects

valvular insufficiency

Systolic dysfunction

myocardial infarction

Left ventricular dysfunction

When an acute event occurs and the circulatory system can no longer provide the body with adequate perfusion of its tissues and organs, cellular hypoxia occurs and the body goes into shock. What are the causes of shock in the human body?

Maldistribution, hypovolemia, obstruction of blood flow.

Sepsis is growing in incidence in the United States. Its pathogenesis includes neturophil activation, which kills microorganisms. Neutrophils also injure the endothelium, releasing mediators that increase vascular permeability. What else to neutrophils do in sepsis?

Releases nitric oxide.

The pathogenesis of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is not clear understood at this time. Supportive management is currently the focus of treatment in this disorder. What is not a major risk factor in MODS? a. Advanced age b. Alcohol abuse c. Respiratory dysfunction d. Infarcted bowel

Respiratory dysfunction

aoritc or mitral stenosis

Right ventricular dysfunction

In hypovolemic shock the main purpose of treatment is correcting or controlling the underlying cause of the hypovolemia and improving the perfusion of the tissues and organs of the body. Which of the following treatments is NOT a primary form of therapy for hypovolemic shock? a. Surgery b. Administration of intravenous fluids and blood. c. Vasoconstrictive drugs d. Infusion of blood and blood products.

Vasoconstrictive drugs.

What is the primary physiologic result of obstructive shock?

elevated right heart pressure

What are the signs and symptoms of heart failure?

• Fluid retention • Fatigue