Chapter 34 Pediatric Emergencies
Adolescents
12 to 18 years of age
Preschool age
3 to 6 years of age
Bronchiolitis usually occurs during the first _____________ of life. A.) 2 years B.) 3 years C.) 4 years D.) 6 years
A.) 2 years
Pupillary response in pediatric patients may be abnormal in the presence of all of the following EXCEPT: A.) Anxiety B.) Hypoxia C.) Brain injury D.) Drugs
A.) Anxiety
All of the following are signs associated with pneumonia in pediatric patients EXCEPT: A.) Bradycardia B.) Grunting C.) Nasal flaring D.) Hypothermia
A.) Bradycardia
Which of the following is NOT a sign of severe dehydration in pediatric patients? A.) Bulging fontanelles B.) Very dry lips and gums C.) Sunken eyes D.) Sleepiness
A.) Bulging fontanelles
Incidents involving the death of a child pose extra stress on EMS workers. Which of the following is NOT a sign of posttraumatic stress? A.) Cold intolerance B.) Nightmares C.) Difficulty sleeping D.) Loss of appetite
A.) Cold intolerance
Which of the following is NOT a question you would ask if you suspected a poisoning emergency? A.) Did the substance have an odor? B.) Are there any changes in behavior or level of consciousness? C.) What is the substance involved? D.) Was there any choking or coughing after the exposure?
A.) Did the substance have an odor?
Tachycardia in pediatric patients may be an indication of all of the following except: A.) Hypothermia B.) Hypoxia C.) Fever D.) Pain
A.) Hypothermia
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the pediatric airway? A.) The trachea is larger in diameter and shorter in length B.) The glottis opening is higher and positioned more anterior C.) The neck appears to be nonexistent D.) The lungs are smaller
A.) The trachea is larger in diameter and shorter in length
Breath sounds in the pediatric population are most easily heard because: A.) Their chest walls are thinner B.) The size of their lungs amplifies the sounds C.) The chest cavity is small in proportion to the rest of the body D.) Children typically have upper airway problems
A.) Their chest walls are thinner
Which of the following statements regarding pediatric asthma if FALSE? A.) Use strong, forceful breaths when ventilating to get air past the obstruction B.) The wheezing may be so loud that you can hear it without a stethoscope C.) The patient may be in the tripod position D.) A bronchodilator via a metered-dose inhaler may be helpful
A.) Use strong, forceful breaths when ventilating to get air past the obstruction
Young children can compensate for fluid losses by: A.) Decreasing blood flow to the brain and heart B.) Decreasing blood flow to the extremities C.) Increasing blood flow to the extremities D.) Increasing blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract
B.) Decreasing blood flow to the extremities
Which of the following is NOT a common exposure when dealing with pediatric burns? A.) Scalding water in a bathtub B.) Electrocution from poor wiring C.) Hot items on a stove D.) Cleaning solvents
B.) Electrocution from poor wiring
How many triage categories are there is the JumpSTART system? A.) Three B.) Four C.) Five D.) Six
B.) Four
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of altered mental status in pediatric patients? A.) Drug and alcohol ingestion B.) Hypertension C.) Seizure D.) Hypoglycemia
B.) Hypertension
All children with abdominal injuries should be monitored for signs and symptoms of: A.) Pain B.) Shock C.) Hypothermia D.) Nausea
B.) Shock
Saying their first word, sitting without support, and teething are initially noticed in what age group? A.) 0 to 2 months B.) 2 to 6 months C.) 6 to 12 months D.) 12 to 18 months
C.) 6 to 12 months
When examining the heaof a pediatric patient, which of the following is FALSE? A.) You should look for bruising, swelling, and hematomas B.) Significant blood loss can come from the scalp C.) A bulging fontanelle suggests dehydration D.) The head is larger in proportion to the rest of the body
C.) A bulging fontanelle suggests dehydration
A pediatric patient involved in a drowning emergency may present with: A.) Cerebral edema B.) Hypoglycemia C.) Abdominal distention D.) Chest pain
C.) Abdominal distention
A pediatric patient with a fever, pain on palpation of the right lower quadrant, and rebound tenderness is likely to be suffering from: A.) Cholecystitis B.) Gastroenteritis C.) Appendicitis D.) Constipation
C.) Appendicitis
Which of the following is NOT a sign of increased work of breathing in pediatric patients? A.) Nasal flaring B.) Grunting C.) Equal chest expansion D.) Retractions
C.) Equal chest expansion
Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor for SIDS? A.) Mother younger than 20 years old B.) Mother smoked during pregnancy C.) Gestational diabetes D.) Low birth weight
C.) Gestational diabetes
Signs of shock in children includes all of the following EXCEPT: A.) Altered mental status B.) Poor capillary refill C.) Hypertension D.) Tachycardia
C.) Hypertension
Toilet training typically mastered at what age level? A.) 6 to 12 months B.) 12 to 18 months C.) Preschool age D.) School age
C.) Preschool age
A fracture of the femur is rare and is a major source of ______________ in the pediatric population. A.) infection B.) growth abnormalities C.) blood loss D.) nerve damage
C.) blood loss
When you assess a pediatric patient, it is best to place _______________ on the patient's chest to feel the rise and fall of the chest wall. A.) the left hand B.) the right hand C.) both hands D.) the stethoscope
C.) both hands
Pertussis
Caused by a bacterium that is spread through respiratory droplets
_______________ _________________ are recommended to relieve a severe airway obstruction in an unconscious pediatric patient.
Chest compressions
An infant's heart can beat as many as _________ times or more per minute if the body needs to compensate for injury or illness. A.) 110 B.) 120 C.) 140 D.) 160
D.) 160
A pediatric patient with hives, wheezing, increased work of breathing, and hypoperfusion is likely suffering from: A.) Pneumonia B.) Bronchiolitis C.) Asthma D.) Anaphylaxis
D.) Anaphylaxis
_____________ may increase the effort or work of breathing. A.) Anxiety B.) Agitation C.) Crying D.) Anxiety, agitation, and crying
D.) Anxiety, agitation, and crying
Head and neck injuries are common after high-speed collisions in all of the following contact sports EXCEPT: A.) Wrestling B.) Football C.) Lacrosse D.) Basketball
D.) Basketball
All of the following are common causes of a fever in pediatric patients EXCEPT: A.) Infection B.) Status epilepticus C.) Drug ingestion D.) Cholecystitis
D.) Cholecystitis
Activated charcoal is indicated for pediatric patients who have ingested a(n): A.) Acid B.) Alkali C.) Petroleum product D.) Poison
D.) Poison
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of shock in pediatric patients? A.) Disease of the heart B.) Severe infection C.) Dehydration D.) Renal failure
D.) Renal failure
Which of the following is NOT appropriate when treating pediatric patients with seizures? A.) Clear the mouth with suction B.) Provide 100% oxygen C.) Consider placing the patient in the recovery position D.) Restrain the patient
D.) Restrain the patient
When you are performing a scene assessment at an incident involving SIDS, you should focus your attention on all of the following EXCEPT: A.) Signs of illness, including medication, humidifiers, and thermometers B.) The general condition of the house C.) The site where the infant was discovered D.) The temperature of the room
D.) The temperature of the room
Which of the following is NOT initially seen in children 12 to 18 months old? A.) Speaking four to six words B.) Know the major body parts C.) Can open doors D.) Understand cause and effect
D.) Understand cause and effect
When obtaining information from the family regarding the pediatric patient's history, which of the following is NOT an appropriate inquiry? A.) Does the child have any rashes? B.) What has been the child's recent activity level? C.) Has there been any vomiting or diarrhea? D.) What types of toys does the child play with?
D.) What types of toys does the child play with?
Signs and symptoms of a lower airway obstruction in pediatric patients include: A.) Stridor B.) Friction rub C.) Drooling D.) Wheezing
D.) Wheezing
Toddler
Infant to 3 years of age
Pediatrics
Medical practice devoted to the care of children
A prolonged asthma attack that is unrelieved may progress to a condition known as status asthmaticus. True or False
True
A rectal temperature is the most accurate for infants and toddlers. True or False
True
Adolescence is a time for experimentation and risk-taking behaviors. True or False
True
An oropharyngeal airway should be used for pediatric patients who are unconscious and in possible respiratory failure. True or False
True
At around 8 to 10 years of age, children no longer require padding underneath the torso to create a neutral position. True or False
True
Do not examine the genitalia of a young child unless there is evidence of bleeding or there is an injury that must be treated. True or False
True
EMTs in all states must report all cases of suspected abuse, even if the emergency department fails to do so. True or False
True
Infants and young children should be kept warm during a transport or when the patient is exposed to assess or reassess an injury. True or False
True
Some of the risks that adolescents take can ultimately facilitate development and judgement. True or False
True
Sprains are uncommon in the pediatric population. True or False
True
Toddlers have a hard time describing or localizing pain because they do not have the verbal ability to be precise. True or False
True
Blanching
Turning white
In pediatric patients, chest injuries are usually the result of _______________ ________________ rather than penetrating trauma.
blunt trauma
Located on the front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions of the head are soft spots, the _________________.
fontanelles
Car seats are designed to be either ___________ or ______________; they cannot be sideways on a bench seat.
forward-facing, or rear-facing
Young children experience muscle fatigue much more quickly than older children, which can lead to ________________ ___________.
respiratory failure
Always position the airway in a neutral _________________ ____________________.
sniffing position
A prolonged asthma attack that is unrelieved may progress into ______________ _______________.
status asthmaticus
One common problem following burn injuries in children is _________________.
infection
Inserting a(n) _______________ _______________ in a responsive patient may cause a spasm of the larynx and result in vomiting.
nasopharyngeal airway
A child in respiratory distress or possible respiratory failure needs supplemental _______________.
oxygen
Children not only have a higher metabolic rate, but also a higher _____________ _________________, which is twice that of an adult.
oxygen demand
The ________________ ________________ _________________ is a structured assessment tool that allows you to rapidly form a general impression of the pediatric patient's condition without touching him or her.
pediatric assessment triangle
Neglect
Failure to provide life necessities
Blood pressure is usually not assessed in pediatric patients younger than 4 years. True or False
False
Blow-by-oxygen is as effective as a face mask or nasal cannula for delivering oxygen to a pediatric patient. True or False
False
Bradypnea usually indicates that the pediatric patient's condition is improving. True or False
False
Congenital cardiovascular problems are the leading cause of cardiopulmonary arrest in the pediatric population. True or False
False
Extremity injuries in the pediatric population are managed much differently than extremity injuries in adults. True or False
False
It is considered acceptable to lie to a preschool-age child because he or she will not be able to understand their true medical condition. True or False
False
Pediatric patients weighing less than 27 kg (60 lb) should be transported by car seat. True or False
False
You should avoid letting the parent or caregiver hold an infant during your assessment. True or False
False
You should use a euphemism such as "passed away" when informing the family of a pediatric death to lessen their emotional pain. True or False
False
Infancy
First year of life
Grunting
Sign of increased work of breathing
______________ is common in pediatric patients and if left untreated can lead to peritonitis or shock.
Appendicitis
When assessing capillary refill in pediatric patients, the color should return after: A.) 1 second B.) 2 seconds C.) 3 seconds D.) 4 seconds
B.) 2 seconds
Making eye contact, recognizing caregivers, and following a bright light with their eyes are initially noticed in what age group? A.) 0 to 2 months B.) 2 to 6 months C.) 6 to 12 months D.) 12 to 18 months
B.) 2 to 6 months
Exposure to cold air, infection, and emotional stress are all triggers of: A.) Pneumonia B.) Asthma C.) Bronchiolitis D.) Epiglottitis
B.) Asthma
Which of the following is NOT an infection that can cause an airway obstruction in pediatric patients? A.) Pneumonia B.) Asthma C.) Croup D.) Epiglottitis
B.) Asthma
Which of the following populations is at the greatest risk for contracting meningitis? A.) Females B.) Children who have had head trauma C.) Children with preexisting heart conditions D.) Children of parents with a history of meningitis
B.) Children who have had head trauma
_________________ is the second most common cause of unintentional death among children in the United States.
Drowning
_________________ is an infection of the soft tissue in the area above the vocal cords.
Epiglottitis
_____________ is a congenital condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the normal clotting factors of blood.
Hemophilia
________________ is refusal or failure on the part of the caregiver to provide life necessities.
Neglect
Sniffling position
Optimal neutral head position for uninjured airway management
Breathing requires the use of the ________________ muscles and diaphragm.
chest