Chapter 35 APUSH Multiple Choice Test
Where was the final Japanese surrender conducted on September 2, 1945?
On the USS Missouri
Trumans options to drop the bomb were all of the following except
See the power of the new weapon
While most American workers were strongly committed to the war effort, wartime production was disrupted by strikes led by the
United Mine Workers
American participation in WWII had which of the following major effects on the Home Front
a movement of women into factory work
All of the following characterized the relations of labor with business and government during World War II except
a takeover of several prominent labor unions by radical elements to demand an end to government-dictated wage ceilings
Action by the United States against Adolf Hitler's campaign of genocide against the Jews a. was reprehensibly slow in coming. b. included the admission of large numbers of Jewish refugees into the United States. c. involved the bombing of rail lines used to carry victims to the Nazi death camps. d. was slow in coming, because the United States did not know about the death camps until near the end of the war. e. was a major reason the U.S. fought World War II.
a.
African-Americans did all of the following during World War II except a. fight in integrated combat units. b. rally behind the slogan "Double V" (victory over dictators abroad and racism at home). c. move north and west in large numbers. d. form a militant organization called the Congress of Racial Equality. e. serve in the Army Air Corps.
a.
Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) V-J Day, (B) V-E Day, (C) D Day, (D) Invasion of Italy. a. D, C, B, A b. A, C, B, D c. B, D, A, C d. C, A, D, B e. A, D, B, C
a.
In a sense, Franklin Roosevelt was the "forgotten man" at the Democratic Convention in 1944 because a. so much attention was focused on who would gain the vice presidency. b. he remained in Washington, D.C., to conduct the war. c. poor health prevented him from taking an active role. d. the issue of a fourth term was prominent. e. Vice President Henry Wallace controlled the convention.
a.
Overall, most ethnic groups in the United States during World War II a. were further assimilated into American society. b. were not allowed to serve in the military. c. had their patriotism questioned as in World War I. d. cast their vote for Republican candidates opposed to the war. e. served in ethnically distinct military units.
a.
The Allied demand for unconditional surrender was criticized mainly by opponents who believed that such surrender would a. encourage the enemy to resist as long as possible. b. be impossible to obtain. c. be unacceptable to the Soviets, who had already suffered terrible casualties. d. result in an armistice whose terms would lead to war, much as the Treaty of Versailles had led to World War II. e. discourage anti-Hitler resisters in Germany.
a.
The most significant development in the Democratic convention of 1944 was that a. Roosevelt's third-term vice president, Henry Wallace, was dumped in favor of Senator Harry Truman. b. Roosevelt's appearance at the convention revealed how physically frail he was. c. party leaders developed a campaign that downplayed the New Deal's success. d. there was growing resistance to Roosevelt's pursuit of a fourth term. e. the issue of civil rights came to the fore as the dominant concern of the party.
a.
The real impact of the Italian front on World War II may have been that it a. delayed the D-Day invasion and allowed the Soviet Union to advance further into Eastern Europe. b. prevented the rise of fascism or communism in Italy after the war. c. enabled the Americans to appease both British and Soviet strategic demands. d. enabled the United States to prevent Austria and Greece from falling into Soviet hands. e. destroyed the monastery of Monte Cassino and other Italian artistic treasures.
a.
Which one of the following is least related to the other three? a. Smith-Connally Act b. A. Philip Randolph c. Fair Employment Practices Commission d. racial discrimination in wartime industry e. proposed "Negro March on Washington."
a.
Big-government intervention received its greatest boost from a. the New Deal. b. World War II. c. the Depression. d. World War I. e. the Cold War.
b.
During World War II, the United States government commissioned the production of synthetic ____ in order to offset the loss of access to prewar supplies in East Asia. a. textiles b. rubber c. tin d. fuels e. plastics
b.
Hitler's advance in the European theater of war crested in late 1942 at the Battle of ____________, after which his fortunes gradually declined. a. the Bulge b. Stalingrad c. Monte Cassino d. Britain e. El Alamein
b.
Match each of the wartime agencies below with its correct function: A) War Production Board B) Office of Price C) War Labor Board D) Fair Employment 1. assigned priorities with respect to the use of raw materials and transportation 2. controlled inflation by rationing 3. imposed ceilings on wage increases 4. saw to it that no hiring discrimination practices were used against blacks seeking employment in war industries a. A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 b. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 c. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1 d. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4 e. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
b.
The Allies won the Battle of the Atlantic by doing all of the following except a. escorting convoys of merchants' vessels. b. organizing Allied "wolf packs" to chase down German U-boats. c. dropping depth charges from destroyers. d. bombing submarine bases. e. deploying the new technology of radar.
b.
The cross-channel invasion of Normandy to open a second front in Europe was commanded by General a. George Patton. b. Dwight Eisenhower. c. Douglas MacArthur. d. Bernard Montgomery. e. Omar Bradley.
b.
The major consequence of the Allied conquest of Sicily in August 1943 was a. a modification of the demand for unconditional surrender of Italy. b. the overthrow of Mussolini and Italy's unconditional surrender. c. the swift Allied conquest of the Italian peninsula. d. a conflict between Churchill and General Eisenhower over the invasion of the Italian mainland. e. the threat of a Communist takeover of the Italian government.
b.
Arrange these wartime conferences in chronological order: (A) Potsdam, (B) Casablanca, (C) Teheran. a. A, B, C b. C, B, A c. B, C, A d. B, A, C e. A, C, B
c.
Japanese-Americans were placed in concentration camps during World War II a. due to numerous acts of sabotage. b. in retaliation for the placement of Americans in concentration camps by the Japanese. c. as a result of anti-Japanese prejudice and fear. d. because many were loyal to Japan. e. all of the above.
c.
The Japanese made a crucial mistake in 1942 in their attempt to control much of the Pacific when they a. failed to take the Philippines. b. unsuccessfully attacked the oil-rich Dutch East Indies. c. overextended themselves instead of digging in and consolidating their gains. d. sent their submarine force on a suicide mission at the Battle of Midway. e. attacked Alaska and Australia.
c.
The employment of more than six million women in American industry during World War II led to a. equal pay for men and women. b. a greater percentage of American women in war industries than anywhere else in the world. c. the establishment of day-care centers by the government. d. a reduction in employment for black males. e. a strong desire of most women to work for wages.
c.
The first naval battle in history in which all the fighting was done by carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of a. Leyte Gulf. b. the Java Sea. c. the Coral Sea. d. Midway. e. Iwo Jima.
c.
The minority group most adversely affected by Washington's wartime policies was a. German-Americans. b. blacks. c. Japanese-Americans. d. American communists. e. Italian-Americans.
c.
The national debt increased most during a. Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. b. Herbert Hoover's administration. c. World War II. d. World War I. e. the 1920s.
c.
The northward migration of African-Americans accelerated after World War II because a. the southern system of sharecropping was declared illegal. b. Latinos had replaced blacks in the work force. c. mechanical cotton pickers came into use. d. northern cities repealed segregation laws. e. the South made it clear that they were not wanted.
c.
Which of the following was not among the qualities of the American participation in World War II? a. a group of highly effective military and political leaders b. an enormously effective effort in producing weapons and supplies c. a higher percentage of military casualties than any other Allied nation d. the preservation of the American homeland against invasion or destruction from the air e. the maintenance and re-affirmation of the strength of American democracy
c.
After the United States entered World War II in 1941, the term "enemy aliens" referred to a. Japanese living in the U.S. b. Italians living in the U.S. c. Germans living in the U.S. d. All of these e. None of these
d.
All of the following are true statements about the effect of Executive Order No. 9066 on Japanese living in the U.S. except a. they were put in internment camps. b. they were victims of anti-Japanese prejudice. c. they lost hundreds of millions of dollars in property and lost wages. d. The U.S. Supreme Court declared the Japanese relocation unconstitutional. e. The U.S. government officially apologized four decades later and gave each camp survivor $20,000.
d.
As World War II began for the United States in 1941, President Roosevelt a. led a seriously divided nation into the conflict. b. endorsed the same kind of government persecution of German-Americans as Wilson had in World War I. c. called the American people to the same kind of idealistic crusade with the same rhetoric that Wilson had used in World War I. d. decided to concentrate first on the war in Europe and to place the Pacific war on hold. e. declared that the first strategic goal was recovery from Pearl Harbor.
d.
At the wartime Teheran Conference, a. the Soviet Union agreed to declare war on Japan within three months. b. the Big Three allies agreed to divide postwar Germany into separate occupied zones. c. the Soviet Union agreed to allow free elections in Eastern European nations that its armies occupied at the end of the war. d. plans were made for the opening of a second front in Europe. e. it was agreed that five Big Powers would have veto power in the United Nations.
d.
During World War II, American Indians a. demanded that President Roosevelt end discrimination in defense industries. b. rarely enlisted in the armed forces. c. moved south to replace African-American laborers. d. moved off reservations in large numbers. e. promoted recovery of tribal languages.
d.
In sharp contrast to World War I, during World War II, the United States was a. ready to use conscription if necessary to raise an army. b. forced to sacrifice civilian economic well-being for the military effort. c. weakened by constant isolationist criticism of the war effort. d. nearly unanimous in support of the war. e. actually invaded by enemy forces.
d.
In the 1800s the Japanese government drove many Japanese farmers off their land by a. confiscating property for military bases. b. forcing them to work in factories. c. conscripting them into the military. d. imposing a steep land tax. e. refusing to let them grow rice.
d.
In waging war against Japan, the United States relied mainly on a strategy of a. heavy bombing from Chinese air bases. b. invading Japanese strongholds in Southeast Asia. c. fortifying China by transporting supplies from India over the Himalayan "hump." d. "island hopping" across the South Pacific while bypassing Japanese strongholds. e. turning the Japanese flanks in New Guinea and Alaska.
d.
President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill announced at their wartime conference in Casablanca that their principal war aim was to a. destroy the last remnants of European imperialism. b. promote the national independence of all European nations. c. contain the postwar power of the Soviet Union. d. force the unconditional surrender of both Germany and Japan. e. create an effective postwar Atlantic alliance.
d.
The "unconditional surrender" policy toward Japan was modified by a. assuring the Japanese that there would be no "war crimes" trials. b. guaranteeing that defeated Japan would be treated decently by American occupiers. c. agreeing not to drop more than two atomic bombs on Japan. d. agreeing to let the Japanese keep Emperor Hirohito on the throne. e. permitting the Japanese to retain a strong army but no real navy.
d.
The greatest consequence of World War II for American race relations was a. the tensions in wartime factories between blacks and whites. b. the integration of the armed forces. c. African Americans' experience of more positive European racial attitudes. d. the massive migration of African Americans from the rural South to northern and western cities. e. the Atlantic Charter declaring that the war was being fought for democracy and freedom.
d.
The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following the Battle of a. Leyte Gulf. b. Bataan and Corregidor. c. the Coral Sea. d. Midway. e. Guadalcanal.
d.
When the United States entered World War II in December 1941, a. it took nearly two years for the country to unite. b. the conflict soon became an idealistic crusade for democracy. c. the government repudiated the Atlantic Charter. d. a majority of Americans had no clear idea of what the war was about. e. the idea of allying with the Communist Soviet Union was repugnant.
d.
While American workers, on the whole, were committed to the war effort, several unions went on strike. The most prominent was the a. Teamsters. b. Amalgamated Meat Packers. c. Longshoremen. d. United Mine Workers. e. Industrial Workers of the World.
d.
During WWII the United States sought greater cooperation with the nations of Latin American primarily to
develop a hemispheric common front against fascism
After the Italian surrender in August 1943, a. the Allies found it easy to conquer Rome and the rest of Italy. b. the Soviets accepted the wisdom of delaying the invasion of France and pursuing the second front in Italy. c. the British demanded the restoration of the monarchy in Italy. d. the Americans withdrew from Italy to prepare for D-Day. e. the German army poured into Italy and stalled the Allied advance.
e.
As a result of the Battle of Leyte Gulf, a. Japan stalled an Allied victory. b. Admiral William F. "Bull" Halsey lost his first naval engagement. c. Japan was nearly able to take Australia. d. the United States could bomb Japan from land bases. e. Japan was finished as a naval power.
e.
By the end of World War II, the heart of the United States' African-American community had shifted to a. Florida and the Carolinas. b. southern cities. c. the Pacific Northwest. d. Midwestern small towns. e. northern cities.
e.
Despite the demands of the wartime economy, inflation was kept well in check during the war by a. directing production to whatever goods were in most demand. b. prosecuting war profiteers and black marketers who tried to earn windfall profits. c. permitting large numbers of illegal migrants to enter the work force. d. sharply constricting the flow of credit from the Federal Reserve Board. e. federally imposed wage and price controls.
e.
During World War II, a. labor unions declared a self-imposed moratorium on strikes. b. unions actively combated racial discrimination. c. farm production declined. d. for security reasons, the bracero program with Mexico was temporarily halted. e. labor unions substantially increased their membership.
e.
Franklin Roosevelt won the election in 1944 primarily because a. Republican Thomas E. Dewey favored an international organization for world peace. b. labor unions turned out for Roosevelt. c. Harry Truman was his running mate. d. questions arose regarding Thomas E. Dewey's honesty. e. the war was going well.
e.
In the period from 1885 to 1924, Japanese immigrants to the United States were a. poorly educated. b. primarily from the island of Hokkaido. c. some of the poorest people to enter the country. d. exclusively farmers. e. select representatives of their nation.
e.
Most of the money raised to finance World War II came through a. tariff collections. b. excise taxes on luxury goods. c. raising income taxes. d. voluntary contributions. e. borrowing.
e.
Once at war, America's first great challenge was to a. pass a conscription law. b. raise an army and navy. c. extend aid to the Soviets. d. develop atomic weapons. e. retool its industry for all-out war production.
e.
The Allies postponed opening a second front in Europe until 1944 because a. they hoped that Germany and the Soviet Union would cripple each other. b. men and material were needed more urgently in the Pacific. c. the Soviet Union requested a delay until it could join the campaign. d. they believed that North Africa was more strategically vital. e. of British reluctance and lack of adequate shipping.
e.
The Potsdam conference a. determined the fate of Eastern Europe. b. brought France and China in as part of the "Big Five. c. concluded that the Soviet Union would enter the war in the Pacific. d. was Franklin Roosevelt's last meeting with Churchill and Stalin. e. issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or be destroyed.
e.
The conquest of _______was especially important, because from there Americans could conduct round-trip bombing raids on the Japanese home islands. a. Guadalcanal b. Wake Island c. New Guinea d. Okinawa e. Guam
e.
The main reason the majority of women war workers left the labor force at the end of WW II was a. union demands. b. employer demands that they quit. c. male discrimination on the job. d. government requirements to hire veterans. e. family obligations.
e.
The spending of enormous sums on the original atomic bomb project was spurred by the belief that a. a nuclear weapon was the only way to win the war. b. the Germans might acquire such a weapon first. c. the Japanese were at work on an atomic bomb project of their own. d. scientists like Albert Einstein might be lost to the war effort. e. the American public would not tolerate the casualties that would result from a land invasion of Japan.
e.
The American Home Front during WWII can be described as
economically invigorated by military spending
Roosevelt's and Churchill's insistence of the absolute and "unconditional surrender" of Germany
eventually complicated the problems of postwar reconstruction
All of the following characterized the experience of African Americans during World War II except
fighting in integrated combat units
During and immediately after the Second World War, women and African Americans shared a similar experience in that both groups
found employment in industries from which they had previously been excluded
The general American attitude toward World War II was
less idealistic and ideological and more practical than the outlook in World War I.
All of the following were true of the experience of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II except
near the conclusion of World War II, the U.S. Supreme Court declared internment of Japanese Americans to be unconstitutional and ordered them freed from internment camps
During World War II, most Americans economically experienced
prosperity and a doubling of personal income
Hitler's last ditch attempt to achieve a victory against the Americans and British came in
the Battle of the Bulge
Until Spring 1943, perhaps Hitler's greatest opportunities of defeating Britain and winning the war was
the German U-boats would destroy Allied shipping
How was inflation kept in check by the U.S. government despite the demands of the wartime economy?
the U.S. government imposed wage and price controls throughout the U.S. economy
The fundamental strategic decision of World War II made by President Roosevelt and the British at the very beginning was
to concentrate first on the war in Europe and to place the Pacific war against Japan on the back burner
Historians have offered all of the following scholarly criticisms of the momentous decision to drop the atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima except
vigorous dissent from high levels of the American government was ignored and repudiated by President Truman
President Roosevelt's promise to the Soviets to open a second front in western Europe by the end of 1942
was utterly impossible to keep
