Chapter 36 study guide questions
A
A patient with AIDS is having a recurrence of 10 to 12 loose stools a day. What medication may help this patient to control the chronic diarrhea? A. Octreotide B. Rifaximin C. Bismuth subsalicylate D. Atropine diphenoxylate
A
A patient is diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia. What medication does the nurse anticipate educating the patient about for treatment? A. TMP-SMZ B. Cephalexin C. Azithromycin D. Garamycin
C
While caring for a patient with Pneumocystis pneumonia, the nurse assesses flat, purplish lesions on the back and trunk. What does the nurse suspect these lesions indicate? A. Molluscum contagiosum B. Tuberculosis of the skin C. Kaposi sarcoma D. Seborrheic dermatitis
A
A new nursing graduate is working at the hospital in the acute care unit. The preceptor observes the nurse emptying a patient's wound drain without gloves on. What important information should the preceptor share with the new graduate about standard precautions? A. Standard precautions should be used with all patients to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens B. Standard precautions should be used only with patients who are HIV positive to reduce the risk of transmission of the HIV virus C. It is only necessary to use gloves when you are emptying reservoirs that have body fluids in them D. If you are careful and do not expose yourself to blood or body fluids, it is not necessary to use gloves all the time
B
An older adult widowed woman informs the nurse that she notices vaginal dryness now that she has become sexually active again. She is not using barrier protection because it makes the dryness worse. What education should the nurse provide to the patient? A. Use a lamb skin condom instead of latex B. Vaginal dryness is common in postmenopausal women, and there are creams that can be used, but she should use a latex condom C. Because the patient is older, it is not likely that she will acquire HIV D. She should abstain from sexual activity because she is at greatest risk for acquiring HIV
A
The nurse is discussing sexual activity with a patient recently diagnosed with HIV. The patient states " As long as I have sex with another person who is already infected, I will be okay." What is the best response by the nurse? A. "You should avoid having unprotected sex with a person who is HIV positive because you can increase the severity of the infection in both you and your partner" B. " Yes; because you are already infected, it won't make a difference if you have sex with a person who is HIV positive" C. " I am not sure why you would want to have sex with another person who is HIV positive. That person may have another sexually transmitted infection." D. " If you have sex with another person who is HIV positive, you will develop AIDS sooner"
B
The nurse receives a phone call at the clinic from the family member of a patient with AIDS. The family member states that the patient started "acting funny" after reporting headache, tiredness, and a stiff neck. Checking the temperature resulted in a fever of 103.2 degrees F. What should the nurse tell the family member? A. "The patient probably has a case of the flu, and you should give Tylenol" B. " The patient may have cryptococcal meningitis and will need to be evaluated by the physician" C. "This is one of the side effects from antiretroviral therapy and will require changing the medication" D. "The patient probably has Pneumocystis pneumonia and will need to be evaluated by the physician"
B
A patient develops gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding from a gastric ulcer and requires blood transfusions. The patient states to the nurse, "I am not going to have a transfusion because I don't want to get AIDS" What is thebest response by the nurse? A.. "I understand what you mean, you can never be sure if the blood is tainted" B. "I understand your concern. The blood is screened very carefully for different viruses as well as HIV" C. "If you don't have the blood transfusions, you may not make it through this episode of bleeding" D. "No one has gotten HIV from blood in a long time. You have to have the transfusion."
A
A patient had unprotected sex with an HIV-infected person and arrives in the clinic requesting HIV testing. Results determine a negative HIV antibody test and an increased viral load. What stage does the nurse determine the patient is in? A. primary infection B. secondary infection C. tertiary infection D. latent infection
A
A patient in the clinic states," My boyfriend told me he went to the clinic and was treated for gonorrhea." While testing for this sexually transmitted infection (STI), what else should be done for this patient? A. Test for HIV without informing the patient B. Test for HIV, requiring the patient to sign a permit C. Inform the patient that it would be beneficial to test for HIV D. Administer treatment for the STI and discharge the patient
C
A patient is infected with HIV after sharing needles with another IV drug abuser. Upon infection with HIV, the immune system responds by making antibodies against the virus, usually within how many weeks after infection? A. 1 to 2 weeks B. 3 to 6 weeks C. 3 to 12 weeks D. 6 to 18 weeks
D
A patient is on ART for the treatment of HIV. What does the nurse determine would be an adequate CD4+ count to determine the efficiency of treatment for a patient per year? A. 1 mm^3 to 10 mm^3 B. 10 mm^3 to 20 mm^3 C. 20 mm^3 to 45 mm^3 D. 50 mm^3 to 150 mm^3
B
A patient with HIV develops a nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, a fever of 101 degrees F, and an O2 saturation of 92%. What infection caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci does the nurse know could occur with this patient? A. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) B. Pneumocystis pneumonia C. Tuberculosis D. Community-acquired pneumonia
B,D,E
A patient with HIV has been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 6 months. The patient comes to the clinic with home medications, and the nurse observes that there are too many pills in the container. Which factors are associated with nonadherance to ART? (Select all that apply) A. Lives alone B. Active substance abuser C. Taking other medication D. Depression E. Lack of social support
D
A patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) informs the nurse of difficulty eating and swallowing, and shows the nurse white patches in the mouth. What problem related to AIDS does the nurse understand the patient has developed? A. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) B. Wasting syndrome C. Kaposi sarcoma D. Candidiasis
