Chapter 37: The End of Empire

Argentina in the late 1970s and early 1980s A) moved steadily toward a multiparty system. B) was ruled by military dictators who caused the "disappearance" of thousands. C) experimented briefly with a communist system. D) was invaded and briefly ruled by a Chilean puppet dictator. E) became a puppet state of the United States.

B) was ruled by military dictators who caused the "disappearance" of thousands.

Gandhi predicted that "rivers of blood" would flow in the wake of the creation of A) Bangladesh. B) Bengal. C) Pakistan. D) the Punjab. E) the Indus River valley.

C) Pakistan.

Gandhi and Nehru opposed the partition of India because A) it would leave Hindu India surrounded by Muslim states. B) it would deprive India of some of its most valuable land. C) they mistrusted Muhammad Ali and the Muslim League. D) they believed that India could be a successful multicultural state. E) All these answers are correct.

D) they believed that India could be a successful multicultural state.

Who seized power after a bloodless coup ended the monarchy of King Farouk? A) Anwar Sadat B) Gamal Abdel Nasser C) Muhammad Ali Jinnah D) Jawaharlal Nehru E) Kwame Nkrumah

E) Kwame Nkrumah

The Balfour Declaration of 1917 promised that Palestine would A) become a homeland for immigrant Jews. B) continue as a homeland to the resident Arab Muslims. C) remain a British protectorate indefinitely. D) be partitioned into distinct Arab and Jewish zones. E) have elections to determine its future.

A) become a homeland for immigrant Jews.

As a result of the Cultural Revolution in China, A) the educated elite were persecuted, and China was deprived of their talent. B) peasant farmers killed so many sparrows that the ecological balance was thrown off. C) student demonstrators in Tiananmen Square were crushed by government troops. D) the nation achieved industrialization within a generation. E) the Red Guard was discredited.

A) the educated elite were persecuted, and China was deprived of their talent.

Mohandas Gandhi was assassinated by a A) Muslim extremist. B) Hindu extremist. C) British nationalist. D) disgruntled follower. E) brahmin.

B) Hindu extremist.

Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated because she A) pursued aggressive birth control policies. B) permitted an attack on Sikh extremists at the sacred Golden Temple. C) refused to consider the partition of Kashmir. D) insisted that Untouchables be fully integrated into Indian society. E) suspended the constitution for two years and ruled without being elected.

B) permitted an attack on Sikh extremists at the sacred Golden Temple.

Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser gained great international prestige when he A) negotiated a peace settlement with Israel. B) succeeded in retaking the Suez Canal from the British. C) aligned Egypt with the United States. D) aligned Egypt with the Soviet Union. E) reclaimed the Sinai peninsula from Israel.

B) succeeded in retaking the Suez Canal from the British.

The nonalignment movement remained weak because A) of a lack of vision or leadership among member states. B) too few states attended the Bandung Conference to achieve consensus. C) many nonaligned states needed and accepted aid from either the United States or Soviet Union. D) many new states were afraid to alienate the United States. E) All these answers are correct.

C) many nonaligned states needed and accepted aid from either the United States or Soviet Union.

In both Guatemala and Nicaragua in the 1950s and 1960s, A) American aid resulted in widespread popular support for the United States. B) the United States supported liberal revolutions against military dictatorships. C) the United States supported military dictatorships that were anticommunist. D) D the United States insisted on human rights as a precondition for aid. E) the United States conducted an anti-drug war.

C) the United States supported military dictatorships that were anticommunist.

The French fought to retain Algeria because A) they refused to be intimidated by terrorists. B) Algeria provided valuable mineral resources. C) there were two million French settlers in Algeria. D) President Charles de Gaulle had dreams of a restored French empire. E) All these answers are correct.

C) there were two million French settlers in Algeria.

Which of the following is NOT a reason Arab nationalism failed to materialize? A) Some Arabs are Shia and some Sunni Muslims. B) Some Arab states aligned with the United States and some with the Soviet Union. C) They did not all agree on the status of Israel. D) They shared a common language and culture. E) None of these is correct, as all are reasons for the failure of Arab nationalism.

D) They shared a common language and culture.

Conflicts between native Kikuyu and British settlers intensified in Kenya after World War II because A) white settlers had seized the best farmlands for years. B) the Kikuyu had been crowded onto tribal reserves. C) the Kikuyu had been reduced to the status of wage laborers. D) white settlers had seized the best farmlands for years, and the Kikuyu had been crowded onto tribal reserves and reduced to the status of wage laborers. E) None of these answers is correct.

D) white settlers had seized the best farmlands for years, and the Kikuyu had been crowded onto tribal reserves and reduced to the status of wage laborers.

A Geneva peace conference regarding Vietnam in 1954 A) followed the defeat of France at Dienbienphu. B) determined that Vietnam would be temporarily divided at the 17th parallel. C) determined that Ho Chi Minh and the communists would have control of North Vietnam. D) determined that democratic elections would be held as soon as possible. E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct.

Apartheid ended in South Africa because A) the Sharpeville massacre instituted a new era of radical activism against it. B) the international community imposed economic sanctions against South Africa. C) President de Klerk convinced his party to dismantle the system and hold free elections. D) the African National Congress provided a vehicle for resistance. E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct.

The regime of the Iranian Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi was overthrown because A) he alienated conservative Shia Muslims with his secular reforms. B) his repressive policies alienated leftist politicians. C) he allowed U.S. corporations to heavily influence the economy. D) he allowed heavy U.S. military and economic involvement. E) All these answers are correct.

E) All these answers are correct.

Deng Xiaoping A) masterminded the Great Leap Forward. B) was the driving force behind the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. C) was the leader of Taiwan who helped bring about tremendous economic expansion. D) fled to Taiwan after the Chinese civil war. E) brought free market reforms to China.

E) brought free market reforms to China.

In The Wretched of the Earth, Frantz Fanon A) suggested that the suffering of the Africans was a result of their own sin. B) detailed the horrible conditions in Indian cities. C) stated that France was meant to rule over Africa because of the civilizing role of the Europeans. D) passionately defended the United States as the only country powerful enough to end world hunger. E) urged the use of violence against colonial oppressors.

E) urged the use of violence against colonial oppressors.

Britain withdrew from Palestine in 1947 because A) their mandate had ended. B) they could not resolve the conflict between Palestinians and Jews. C) the United Nations demanded that they leave. D) the Arab states demanded that they leave. E) All these answers are correct.

B) they could not resolve the conflict between Palestinians and Jews.