chapter 39
the most commonly used film size for adult intraoral dentistry is size
#2
the recommended distance between the safelight and where the films are unwrapped is
4 feet
the ideal time and temperature for manual developing is
5 minutes at 68 degrees
____-speed film is the newest and fastest film currently available
A
reticulation
appearance is cracked
positioning instruments in digital radiography
assist in film placement keep the patients fingers from being exposed
when loading the film into the cassette before exposure the
procedure must be done in the darkroom
the purpose of the lead foil in the dental film packet is to
reduce film fogging
digital radiography requires less radiation than traditional radiography because the
sensor is more sensitive to xray energy
the CCD found in direct digital imaging sensors are made of
silicon
fixer cut off
straight or black border
developer cut off
straight or white border
developer cutoff will result in a ___ border
straight white
What is the time and temperature error that will result in reticulation of the film emulsion
sudden temperature change between developer and water bath
the film is lighter than normal, what is the probably cause
the developer solution is too weak
what is not true of storage plates used with (PSP)
they are disposable
what is not true of image plates
they should be autoclaved
film speed is determined by
thickness of silver bromide salt size of silver bromide crystals
static electricity
thin, black, branching lines
when placing a dental film in the patients mouth, the white side is placed ___ the tube and the raised dot to the___
toward: occlusal or incisal
overlapped films
two films come in contact during processing
scratched film
white lines due to improper handling
fixer spots
white or light spots, splash of solution
air bubbles
white spots from air trapped on film surface
yellow- brown stains
yellowish brown color, exhausted developer or fixer
what is the correct order of steps in manual film processing
Develop, rinse, fix, wash
What is an extraoral film that is placed outside the mouth during x-ray exposure?
Panoramic
Dental film holders, used to position and hold the dental x-ray films in the patients mouth, include
XCP and disposable block Eezee-grip and EndoRay
light leak
black exposed area
fingerprint artifact
black fingerprint
fingernail artifact
black-cresent shape mark
the gallon of fixer is mistaken for developer and developer is mistakenly thought to be fixer. As a result, films pass through the fixer first, then the developer. Each film will now be
clear
fogged film
gray, lack of detail and contrast
overdeveloped films
dark in appearance
in the automatic processor, the developing solution is normally 81 degrees to 83 degrees. if it gets hotter, how will the films look
dark or black
developer spots
dark or black spots, splash of solution
the ___ is the safest place to store unopened boxes of dental film
darkroom
which category of digital imaging is similar to faxes and video equipment, which use a sensor with a cord that is attached to the computer
direct digital radiography
what is the cause of white spots on the processed film
fixer contacts film prior to processing
___hardens the film emulsion during film processing
fixing
A film cassette made of plastic or metal is used to hold and protect the extraoral film. During exposure the ___ side of the cassette must always face the patient.
front
the radio graphic image is located within the ____ of the radiographic film.
gelatin that suspends the emulsion
A ___ is a device that intensifies or increases the effect of the radiation and decrease the amount of exposure time needed when exposing an extraoral radiograph
intensifying screen
what is not true of duplicating films emulsion
it appears shiny
What is not true of digitizing film-based radiographs
it duplicates the same detail as the original film
a __ image is produced when xrays interact with the film emulsion
latent
automatic film processing requires ___ than manual film processing
less equipment
solutions should have been changed in the processor one week ago. Continuing top use exhausted developer will result in ___ films
light
underdeveloped films
light in appearance
extroral film is
more sensitive to light than intraoral films
what will affect the life of the processing solution
number of films processed size of films processed time elapsed since last change