chapter 4

Mitochondria are found in _____.

both plant cells and animal cells

Which of the following statements about internal membranes in eukaryotic cells is false?

In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular organelles.

Which of the following statements regarding plasmodesmata is false?

Plasmodesmata are found in plants and animals.

Which of the following statements regarding the Golgi apparatus is false?

The Golgi apparatus decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production

Which of the following statements regarding the endomembrane system is false?

The endomembrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically connected.

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?

The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

ne function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand this expansion of the central vacuole?

The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.

Resolution is the

ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate.

Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells obtained energy for life-sustaining functions from organic compounds. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells?

chloroplast

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ________.

chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?

cilia

The function of the chloroplast is to _____.

convert light energy to chemical energy

What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?

cristae

Studies of the endomembrane system often involve the use of a protein that can emit a green fluorescence (glow). A researcher wants to make a video of cell behavior, so she initially tags the outer nuclear envelope of a cell with the fluorescent tag and records for several hours. Later, she sees that the tag is part of a secretory vesicle. The ability to stain protein molecules with a fluorescent dye would most clearly allow researchers to go beyond what they could previously detect with a microscope by allowing them to

detect ribosome activity

Which of the following are stored in the lysosomes of the cell?

digestive enzymes

Most animal cells are

embedded in an extracellular matrix

It is essential for heart muscle cells to beat in a coordinated fashion. The cell junctions that would best facilitate this are

gap junctions

The extracellular matrix attached to cells via glycoproteins may then bind to ________ in the plasma membrane.

integrins

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers in cells that are _____.

metabolically active

The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____.

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the

nucleus

Digestive cells produce and secrete many enzymes that break down ingested food. These cells have a large number of ribosomes __________.

on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Flagella and cilia are both composed of tubulin subunits. Despite this similarity, key differences exist between these two structures. For example, __________.

only cilia move as a coordinated team

The endomembrane system includes all of the following organelles except the

peroxisome

Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits?

plasma membrane

The cell junctions in plant cells that provide channels between adjacent cells are generally _____.

plasmodesmata

Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?

presence of a cell wall

A woman is having trouble becoming pregnant. Examination of her partner's sperm indicates that dynein feet are missing from the flagella in his sperm cells. A physician explains that this could interfere with fertility by

preventing the sperm from swimming to the egg cell

Secretory proteins are

released from the cell through the plasma membrane

Of the following organelles, which group is involved in manufacturing the substances needed by the cell?

ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which tissue would likely contain large amounts of anchoring junctions?

stomach tissue

The plasma membrane would fit into which general function category?

support, movement, and communication

A drug that interferes with microtubule formation is likely to completely disrupt

the movements of sperm cells

The stroma is the

thick fluid enclosed by the inner chloroplast membrane

The function of the nucleolus is

to manufacture ribosomal RNA

Which of the following structures is essential for the successful operation of the endomembrane system?

transport vesicles

As cell size increases, the

volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.

A disease called primary ciliary dyskenisia is characterized by abnormal ciliary movements. In these cilia, microtubule functioning is disrupted due to microtubules missing an essential component. This disease could be caused by __________.

ack of dynein proteins

The function of mitochondria is

cellular respiration