Chapter 4

List three significant factors for a nurse to consider when planning patient education:

-Availability of health care outside of the hospital -Diverse health care providers to accomplish care management goals -Increased use of alternative strategies of care

Nursing actions that can be used to motivate a patient to learn include:

-Feedback in the form of constructive encouragement when a person has been unsuccessful in the learning process -The creation of a positive atmosphere in which the patient is encouraged to express anxiety -The establishment of realistic learning goals based on individual needs

Increased age affects cognition by decreasing:

Decrease in ability to draw inferences, apply information, and understand major teaching points

Health education is:

A primary nursing responsibility An independent nursing function An essential component of nursing care

Outcome criteria are expressed as expected outcomes of patient behavior resulting from teaching strategies. An example is:

Ability to climb a flight of stairs with experiencing difficulty in breathing

Define the term adherence as it relates to a person's therapeutic regimen.

Adherence means that the patient is complying with the changes suggested by the health care professional to promote optimal health

A nurse identifies a patient's inability to pour a liquid medication into a measuring spoon. This diagnosis is part of the nursing process known as:

Assessment

A nursing action that involves modifying a teaching program because a learner is not experientially ready is:

Changing the wording in a teaching pamphlet so that a patient with a fourth-grade reading level can understand it

There is a positive correlation between patient motivation and adherence to a teaching plan. Three significant variables affecting motivation and learning are:

Choice, establishment of agreed upon goals, and the quality of the patient-provider relationship

Name four classifications of variables that influence a person's ability to adhere to a program of care:

Demographic variables such as age, sex, and education; illness variables; psychosocial variables; financial variables; therapeutic regimen variables

Nursing responsibilities associated with patient teaching include:

Determining individual needs for teaching Motivating each person to learn Presenting information at the level of the learner

A nurse assesses that a patient is emotionally ready to learn when the patient:

Has accepted the therapeutic regimen Is motivated Recognizes the need to learn

Select the health promotion model that identifies why some people choose actions to foster health and others refuse participation:

Health Belief Model

List five common examples of specific activities that promote and maintain health:

Healthy diet, exercise, practice good hygiene, frequent health screenings, and performing preventive measures

Two major goals from the Healthy People 2010 report are:

Increase the quality and years of healthy life for people and eliminate health disparities amount carious segments of the population

List at least six variables that make adherence to a therapeutic regimen difficult for the elderly.

Increased sensitivity to medications, difficulty in adjusting to change and stress, financial constraints, forgetfulness, inadequate support systems, lifetime habits of self-medication, visual impairments, hearing deficits, and mobility limitations

Explain why health education is so essential for those with a chronic illness.

Individuals with a chronic illness need as much health care information as possibly to actively participate in and assume responsibility for the management of their own care.

Identify six teaching techniques the nurses frequently use:

Lecture method, group teaching, demonstrations, use of teaching aids, reinforcement, and follow-up

The single, most important factor in determining health status and longevity is:

Motivation to change

A nurse develops a program of increased ambulation for a patient with an orthopedic disorder. This goal setting is a component of the nursing process known as:

Planning

List the six stages of personal change that an individual experiences as he or she moves toward a healthy behavior.

Precontemplation, contemplation, determination, action, maintenance, relapse

The nurse reviews a medication administration calendar with an elderly patient. Being aware of sensory changes associated with aging, the nurse should:

Print directions in large, bold type, preferably using black ink

Normal aging results in changes in cognition. Therefore, when teaching an elderly patient how to administer insulin, the nurse should:

Repeat the information frequently for reinforcement

Health promotion activities are grounded in four active processes:

Self-responsibility, nutritional awareness, stress reduction and management, and physical fitness

Describe the nature of the teaching-learning process.

The teaching-learning process requires the active involvement of a teacher and a learner, where the teacher is trying to implement a change in behavior of the student.