Chapter 4 ~ Atoms and Elements ~ Chapter Review

Metalloids

All elements (except for aluminum) on the zigzag line. They are better conductors of heat and electricity than nonmetals, but not as good as metals.

Subatomic Particles

Basically proton, neutron, and electron

Metals

In general, most are shiny solids, good conductors of heat and electricity.

Transition Element

In the middle of the table is a block of elements known as the transition elements.

What are the chemical symbols for the following element: Neon

Ne

What are the chemical symbols for the following element: Nickle

Ni

Representative Elements

The elements in the first two columns and in the last six columns.

Dalton's Atomic Theory

(1) All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms (2) All atoms of a given element are identical to one another and different from atoms of other elements (3) Atoms of two or more different elements combine to form compounds (4) A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement, separation, or combination of atoms. Atoms are never created or destroyed.

For an atom of zinc that has a mass number of 68, determine the following: the number of electrons

30

For an atom of zinc that has a mass number of 68, determine the following: the number of protons

30

For an atom of zinc that has a mass number of 68, determine the following: the number of neutrons

38

An atom of silver has a mass number of 109. How many electrons are there in the atom?

47

An atom of silver has a mass number of 109. How many protons are there in the nucleus?

47

An atom of silver has a mass number of 109. How many neutrons are there in the nucleus?

62

Nucleus

A small positively charged container at the center of an atom where the protons are stored.

Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)

A special king of microscope that produces images of individual atoms.

Periodic Table

A table that shows the elements, their atomic number, symbol, and average atomic mass; elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together.

Atomic Mass

A weighted averaged of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of a certain element.

Neutron

Also in the nucleus, has a neutral charge. When added with protons makes up the mass of an atom.

Isotopes

Are atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons.

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

Defined as one-twelfth of the mass of the carbon atom with 6 protons and 6 neutrons, a standard by which every other atom is compared.

Atomic Number

Equal to the number of protons in every atom of the element.

Atom

Extremely tiny particles that make up each type of matter. The smallest particle of an element.

Give the group and period number for the following element and identify as a representative or transition element: Gold

Group 11 and Period 6; Transition Element

Give the group and period number for the following element and identify as a representative or transition element: Barium

Group 2 and Period 6; Representative Element

Give the group and period number for the following element and identify as a representative or transition element: Manganese

Group 7 and Period 4; Transition Element

Noble Gases

Group Eighteen - quite unreactive and are seldom found in combination with other elements.

Alkali Metals

Group One - soft shinny metals that are good conductors of heat and electricity and have relatively low melting points.

Halogens

Group Seventeen - highly reactive and can form compounds with nearly every element

Alkali Earth Metals

Group Two - are shinny metals like in Group One, but are not as reactive.

Give the name of the element that corresponds to the following chemical symbol: H

Hydrogen

Give the name of the element that corresponds to the following chemical symbol: Fe

Iron

Protons

Much heavier then electrons, positive charge,

Electrons

Much smaller than the atom and having much less mass than any other part of the atom. negative charge.

What are the chemical symbols for the following element: Nitrogen

N

Nonmetals

Not shiny, malleable, or ductile; are often bad conductors of heat.

Chemical Symbols

One, or two, letter abbreviations for the names of the elements.

Good Review Questions

Page 118

Give the name of the element that corresponds to the following chemical symbol: K

Potassium

Elements

Pure substances from which all other things are built.

Period

The horizontal tow in the periodic table

Mass Number

The total number of neutrons in an atom. You can find the neutrons in an atom by taking the ______ and subtracting the number of protons.

Group

The vertical column on the periodic table

Atomic Symbol

Used to distinguish between different isotopes. The mass number is in the upper left corner and the atomic number is in the lower left corner.

Group Number

Written at the of each vertical column (group) on the periodic table.

Give the name of the element that corresponds to the following chemical symbol: Zn

Zinc