Chapter 4: Command line interface management

Command prompt

A command-line interface, such as in MS-DOS or in a command-prompt window opened through Windows.

Provider

A layer in PowerShell that allows you yo focus on managing a specific data store using the same commands

Symbolic link

A link, not directly to the original data

Forked

A program that has been modified to create a new development branch as a separate program

ipconfig (windows)

Allows you to get the IP address information of a Windows computer.

Command

An instruction users give by entering information into a command box.

Cd (windows)

Change Directory-Windows

cd (Linux)

Change the working directory to a specified directory-Linux(EX. $ cd [directory])

Switch

Command option or parameter

cp (linux)

Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.(EX.:~# cp /etc/passwd /mnt/backup/)

Inode number

Corresponds to the location of the file's contents

Home directory

Directory that contains a users personal files.

Current directory

Directory you are in; Reflected in command prompt

Man Pages (Manual Pages)

Formal piece of documentation in Linux providing help

/? (windows)

Help command (EX. C:\Users\CyberRange> dir/?)

Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)

Infrastructure in window for managing data and operations

ls (linux)

List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). (EX. student@kali:~$ ls)

Script

Listing of Powershell commands and options that will be processed in order

dir (windows)

Lists all files all files and sub directories contained in a specific directory.

mkdir (linux)

Makes a directory (student@kali:~$ mkdir QuizletTest)

md (windows)

Makes a new directory

cd.. (windows)

Moves the directory back one directory, also known as the parent directory.

Hardlink

Points directly to the original data

Piping

Process of sending output results from one command into another

Cmdlets

Programs inside Powershell

rm (Linux)

Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). (EX. # rm <options> {files})

mv (Linux)

Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.(EX. $ mv sample.txt sample1.txt)

Alias

Replacement way to enter a command

find (windows)

Searches for text strings in files and returns the lines of text from the files in which the text string was found.

Object

Self-contained resource that stores information about itself in properties and provides program code that can be used to interact with it

tasklist (windows)

Shows all of the different local computer processes currently running.

pwd (linux)

Shows current directory (EX.student@kali:~$ pwd /home/student)

Batch file

Single file in which a command, series of command; or set of instructions to be processed in sequence is listed

Device driver

Software program that instructs a piece of hardware how to operate

Distro

Specific version of Linux

Directory

Storage location for files and other directories

Append

To add to an exiting data set

Wildcard character

Used to represent one or more unknown characters in a string

net start (windows)

Used to start a network service or list running network services.(EX. C:\Users\CyberRange>net start)

rd (windows)

Will remove an empty directory on various operating systems.(EX. rd c:\full)

echo (linux)

a command that outputs the strings it is being passed as arguments.(EX. echo [-n] [string ...])

grep (Linux)

a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression.(EX. $ grep -i "hello")

ifconfig (linux)

a system administration utility in Unix-like operating systems for network interface configuration.(EX. student@kali:~$ ifconfig)

Linux

an open-source version of the UNIX operating system

su (linux)

command is used to switch to another user (EX.student@kali:~$ su Password: root@kali:/home/student# )

--help (linux)

displays information about builtin commands(EX. student@kali:~$ rm --help)

|

lets you use two or more commands such that output of one command serves as input to the next.(EX. $ ls -l | more)

$ (linux)

means you are a normal user (EX. student@kali:~$ )

# (linux)

means you are the system administrator (root). (EX. root@kali:/home/student# )

Free and open source software (FOSS)

software that is available free or at a very low cost and can be changed by the user

taskkill (windows)

this tool is used to terminate tasks by process id or image name