Chapter 4 Connect

A body of knowledge based on past events that influenced a country's development is called _ A. Family history B. Intellectual history C. National history D. Social history

C. National history

Identify the reasons that made forces venture beyond their borders for the purpose of invasions and annexations. Select all the answers that were the causes of colonialism A. Notions of simplicity B. Underpopulation C. Notions of grandeur D. Overpopulation E. Availability of resources F. Lack of resources

C. Notions of grandeur D. Overpopulation F. Lack of resources

_ history is triggered as not everything that happened in the past is accessible because only some voices were documented and only some perspectives were recorded A. Absent B. Political C. Social D. Intellectual

A. Absent

Why has documenting the gender history of women been difficult? A. Because of the traditional restrictions on women's access to public forums B. Because of the equality of the gender roles in the past generations C. Because of the availability of firsthand accounts of the struggle that women went through D. Because of the lack of consistency between the different accounts of events

A. Because of the traditional restrictions on women's access to public forums

David tells his children about the history of the British empire in acquiring foreign territories. This scenario illustrates _ A. Colonial histories B. Intellectual histories C. Gender histories D. Social histories

A. Colonial histories

Which of the following conditions outlines by Allport (1979), Amir (1969), and Pettigrew & Tropp (2006, 2013) suggests that although support must exist beyond the individual, individuals need to feel that they have a choice in making contact? A. Contact between the groups should be voluntary B. Group members should have similar beliefs and values C. Contact should have the potential to extend the immediate situation and occur in a variety of contexts D. Programs should equalize numbers of group members

A. Contact between the groups should be voluntary

Which of the following conditions outlined by Allport (1979), Amir (1969), and Pettigrew & Tropp (2006, 2013) suggests that if individuals believe that they are being forced to interact, as with some diversity programs or affirmative action programs, the intercultural interactions is unlikely to have positive outcomes? A. Contacts between the groups should be voluntary B. Programs should equalize numbers of group members C. Group members should have similar beliefs and values D. The contact should have the potential to extend beyond the immediate situation and occur in a variety of contexts

A. Contacts between the groups should be voluntary

_ refers to the histories of the ways in which international cultural groups were created through transnational migration, slavery, religious crusades, or other historical forces A. Diasporic histories B. Intellectual histories C. Social histories D. Political histories

A. Diasporic histories

June learned about her ancestors from the stories that her mother told her when she was a child. This illustrates _ A. Family histories B. Political histories C. Social histories D. Intellectual histories

A. Family histories

Asif talks about the how the evolving conventions of women has empowered them. This scenario illustrates _ A. Gender histories B. Intellectual histories C. Political histories D. Diasporic histories

A. Gender histories

Identify the statement that best illustrates colonial history A. Ian tells his daughter about the conquests of foreign lands by the British empire B. Dwight tells his children about societies where women held more power than men C. Claudia tells her daughter about the fight of the Jewish people for an independent state D. Luke tells his son about the treatment of lesbian women by Nazi Germany

A. Ian tells his daughter about the conquests of foreign lands by the British empire

The view that is grounded in the Western tradition of scientific and political beliefs and assumptions is called the _ A. Modernist identity B. Socialist identity C. Grand narrative D. Contact hypothesis

A. Modernist identity

_ history gives people a shared notion of who they are and solidifies their sense of patriotism A. National B. Social C. Intellectual D. Absent

A. National

Which of the following are the elements of personal histories that influence interaction as identified by social psychologist Richard Brislin? (Check all that apply.) A. People may bring historical myths to interactions B. People bring childhood experiences to interactions C. People are unlikely to be affected by recent, vivid events D. People's interactions are independent of the languages they speak

A. People may bring historical myths to interactions B. People bring childhood experiences to interactions

_ is useful in helping us understand the relationship between history and the present A. Postcolonialism B. Lusotropicalism C. Precolonialism D. Millenarianism

A. Postcolonialism

What is central dynamic in the writing of history? A. Power B. Emic C. Ethics D. Morale

A. Power

_ dictates what is taught and what is silenced, what is available and what is erased A. Power B. Ethics C. Emic D. Morale

A. Power

Which among the following statements best illustrates the contact hypothesis A. Sally brings together two conflicting groups to solve their differences face-to-face through interaction B. Bradley initiates a conflict between two groups of preventing them from interacting face-to-face C. Cooper sides with a group that is involved in a conflict with another group, with the intent of resolving the issue D. Morgan asks two conflicting groups to avoid confrontations with each other to maintain social harmony

A. Sally brings together two conflicting groups to solve their differences face-to-face through interaction

The historical experiences of gays and lesbians are called _ histories A. Sexual orientation B. Colonial C. Hidden D. Intellectual

A. Sexual orientation

The Story of My Experiments with Truth, written by M. K. Gandhi, provides a vivid and detailed view of his daily life during India's struggle for independence from British rule. This scenario illustrates _ A. Social histories B. Family histories C. Ethnic histories D. Diasporic histories

A. Social histories

Identify the statement that best illustrates disaporic histories A. Tammy tells her son about her migration from her motherland B. Maya tells her daughter about the invasion of her country by Britain C. Kerry tells Katie about the story of her grandfather who escaped from the jail D. Saif tells Sam about the mistreatment of slaves before the emancipation

A. Tammy tells her son about her migration from her motherland

Why must people be familiar with national history although they may not fit into the national narrative? A. To understand the references used in communication B. To invoke a sense of pride and nativist ideas C. To promote welfare and social well-being D. To limit the inflow of immigrants

A. To understand the references used in communication

_ refers to a policy that segregated people racially in South Africa

Apartheid

Jerry wants to know the birthplace of his grandfather, from where his grandfather migrated to the United States. Eventually, he came to know that no document was published in the year when his grandfather migrated. This scenario illustrates _ A. Gender histories B. Absent histories C. Colonial histories D. Sexual orientation histories

B. Absent histories

Any part of the history that was not recorded or that is missing is called _ A. Intellectual history B. Absent history C. Social history D. Political history

B. Absent history

Alice speaks about her grandfather's and his friends' experience in the land of his origin, his reasons for migration, and how he retained his native culture after migrating. This scenario illustrates _ A. National histories B. Cultural-group histories C. Sexual orientation histories D. Gender histories

B. Cultural-group histories

The history of each cultural group within a nation is known as _ A. Social history B. Cultural-group history C. Intellectual history D. Political history

B. Cultural-group history

Joel writes a book on how his cultural group was driven out of the land of his birth because of the state's radical policies. This scenario illustrates _ A. Intellectual histories B. Diasporic histories C. Gender histories D. Social histories

B. Diasporic histories

The histories of how cultural conventions of men and women are created, maintained, and alerted are called _ A. Ethnic histories B. Gender histories C. Political histories D. Family histories

B. Gender histories

The _ is a unified history and view of humankind A. Contact hypothesis B. Grand narrative C. Modernist identity D. Socialist identity

B. Grand narrative

Which of the following conditions outlined by Allport (1979), Amir (1969), and Pettigrew & Tropp (2006, 2013) suggests that communication will occur more easily if there is no disparity between individuals in status characteristics? A. Strong normative and institutional support for the contact should be provided B. Group members should be of equal status, both within and outside the contact situation C. Contact between the groups should be voluntary D. The contact should have the potential to extend beyond the immediate situation and occur in a variety of contexts

B. Group members should be of equal status, both within and outside the contact situation

Valerie, who is campaigning for a social cause, recruits volunteers with similar ideologies from different ethnic and racial backgrounds. Which of the following conditions outlined by Allport (1979), Amir (1969), and Pettigrew & Tropp (2006, 2013) to facilitate intergroup communication is best reflected in this scenario? A. Programs should maximize cooperation within groups and minimize competition B. Group members should have similar beliefs and values C. Programs should equalize numbers of group members D. Programs should promote the individuation of group members

B. Group members should have similar beliefs and values

Jerome's grandmother refrains from recounting her experience in concentration camps when he asks about it. This scenario illustrates _ A. Social histories B. Hidden histories C. Intellectual histories D. Political histories

B. Hidden histories

Identify a true statement about altered history A. It is a fictional genre in which authors try to speculate on what the world would look like if particular scenarios in the past had happened B. It occurs when the past is changed to fit particular worldviews and interests C. It represents written histories that focus on the development of ideas D. It is the same as alternative history

B. It occurs when the past is changed to fit particular worldviews and interests

Episodes of the Cuban Revolutionary War, a memoir by Che Guevara, presents the unfolding of the Cuban revolution to overthrow Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship. This is an example of _ A. Gender histories B. Political histories C. Social histories D. Family histories

B. Political histories

Written histories that focus on political events are called _ A. Gender histories B. Political histories C. Social histories D. Diasporic histories

B. Political histories

Sophie, who is organizing an outreach event, intends to get an equal representation of all cultural groups for the event. Which of the following conditions outlined by Allport (1979), Amir (1969), and Pettigrew & Tropp (2006, 2013) to facilitate intergroup communication is best reflected in this scenario? A. Contact between the groups should be voluntary B. Programs should equalize numbers of group members C. Programs should promote the individuation of group members D. Group members should have similar beliefs and values

B. Programs should equalize numbers of group members

Which of the following conditions outlined by Allport (1979), Amir (1969), and Pettigrew & Tropp (2006, 2013) suggests that positive outcomes and successful communication will be more likely if members are represented in numerical equality? A. Programs should promote the individuation of group members B. Programs should equalize numbers of group members C. Group members should have similar beliefs and values D. Contact between the groups should be voluntary

B. Programs should equalize numbers of group members

Jeremy brings together two groups of conflicting people to work together on a project. Which of the following conditions outlined by Allport (1979), Amir (1969), and Pettigrew & Tropp (2006, 2013) to facilitate intergroup communication is best reflected in this scenario? A. The contact should have the potential to extend beyond the immediate situation and occur in a variety of contexts B. Programs should maximize cooperation within groups and minimize competition C. Programs should equalize numbers of group members D. Group members should have similar beliefs and values

B. Programs should maximize cooperation within groups and minimize competition

Instead of referring to humans as Homo sapiens, Fisher refers to them as Homo narrans because it underscores the importance of _ in our lives A. Perceptions B. Adventures C. Narratives D. Ideologies

C. Narratives

Which of the following conditions outlined by Allport (1979), Amir (1969), and Pettigrew & Tropp (2006, 2013) suggests that group members should focus on the characteristics that express their own personalities? A. Contact between the groups should be voluntary B. Programs should promote the individuation of group members C. Programs should equalize numbers of group members D. The contact should have the potential to extend beyond the immediate situation and occur in a variety of contexts

B. Programs should promote the individuation of group members

The Diary of a Young Girl is a book on the daily life of a Jewish Holocaust victim, Anne Frank, during World War II. This is an example of _ A. Gender histories B. Social histories C. Diasporic histories D. Intellectual histories

B. Social histories

According to communication scholar Walter Fisher, what is fundamental to the human experience? A. Understanding B. Storytelling C. Foreseeing D. Imagining

B. Storytelling

Which of the following conditions outlined by Allport (1979), Amir (1969), and Pettigrew & Tropp (2006, 2013) suggests that superficial contact between members of different groups is not likely to have much impact on attitudes or result in productive communication? A. Strong normative and institutional support for the contact should be provided B. The contact should have the potential to extend beyond the immediate situation and occur in a variety of contexts C. Programs should promote the individuation of group members D. Group members should be of equal status, both within and outside the contact situation

B. The contact should have the potential to extend beyond the immediate situation and occur in a variety of contexts

_ is not always caused by distant historical decisions; it can result from ongoing and contemporary decisions to deliberately withhold material from the public A. Social history B. Diasporic history C. Absent history D. Gender history

C. Absent history

Which among the following statements best illustrates absent histories? A. Jackie learns that her grandfather migrated to the continent from Europe B. Samuel learns about the middle passage journey that his ancestors had to undertake to reach the Americas C. Amanda is unable to track documents on the origins of her family's migration to the continent D. Snow learns that his family is related to the royal family of Great Britain

C. Amanda is unable to track documents on the origins of her family's migration to the continent

Which among the following is a characteristic of the modernist identity? A. Lack of belief in external reality B. Belief in autocracy C. Belief in independent subjects D. Lack of belief in liberty

C. Belief in independent subjects

The _ is a unified history and view of humankind A. Contact hypothesis B. Modernist identity C. Grand narrative D. Socialist identity

C. Grand narrative

The histories that are hidden from or forgotten by the mainstream representation of past events are called _ A. Intellectual histories B. Social histories C. Hidden histories D. Political histories

C. Hidden histories

Written histories that focus on the development of ideas are called _ A. Gender histories B. Social histories C. Intellectual histories D. Absent histories

C. Intellectual histories

Which among the following statements best illustrates diaspora? A. Maddy writes a book about her father's experience in the concentration camps of Nazi Germany during the Holocaust B. Tony writes a book on how the government in his native country mistreated lesbians and gays C. Jan writes a book on her her ancestors were displaced from the land of their birth because of the war D. Jill writes a book about her grandfather's experience as a salve during the middle passage

C. Jan writes a book on her her ancestors were displaced from the land of their birth because of the war

A road accident that happened a week ago creates animosity between two groups of people. In the context of the elements of personal histories that influence interaction as identified by Richard Brislin, which of the following elements best reflects this scenario? A. The languages that people speak influence their interactions B. People bring childhood experiences to interactions C. People tend to be affected by recent, vivid events D. People may bring historical myths to interactions

C. People tend to be affected by recent, vivid events

Identify the statement that best illustrates diaspora A. People who belong to different races are forced to part ways because of a conflict between the leaders of their groups B. People who belong to different religions get together to protest the racial policy practiced by the host government C. People who once lived together are forced to part ways and disperse across the globe because of a war D. People who belong to different cultures join together to protest the ill treatment of immigrants in their host country

C. People who once lived together are forced to part ways and disperse across the globe because of a war

_ is not simply the study of colonialism, but the study of how we might deal with the past and its aftermath, which may include the ongoing use of the colonial language, culture, and religion A. Millenarianism B. Precolonialism C. Postcolonialism D. Lusotropicalism

C. Postcolonialism

Andrea brings together two conflicting groups of people to work together as a group. Which of the following conditions outlined by Allport (1979), Amir (1969), and Pettigrew & Tropp (2006, 2013) to facilitate intergroup communication is best reflected in this scenario? A. Group members should have similar beliefs and values B. Programs should equalize numbers of group members C. Programs should maximize cooperation within groups and minimize competition D. The contact should have the potential to extend beyond the immediate situation and occur in a variety of contexts

C. Programs should maximize cooperation within groups and minimize competition

The historical experiences of gays and lesbians are called _ histories A. Hidden B. Intellectual C. Sexual orientation D. Colonial

C. Sexual orientation

Which among the following countries were the most important colonizers. Select all the answers that apply. A. Australia B. Japan C. Spain D. Cambodia E. Vietnam F. Britain G. France H. Egypt I. China

C. Spain F. Britain G. France

Which of the following conditions outlined by Allport (1979), Amir (1969), and Pettigrew & Tropp (2006, 2013) suggests that simply sitting beside someone from another culture or sampling food from another country is not likely to result in genuine understanding? A. Programs should promote the individuation of group members B. Strong normative and institutional support for the contact should be provided C. The contact should have the potential to extend beyond the immediate situation and occur in a variety of contexts D. Group members should be of equal status, both within and outside the contact situation

C. The contact should have the potential to extend beyond the immediate situation and occur in a variety of contexts

When does a history become an absent history? A. When nobody remembers that history B. When nobody has experienced that history C. When documents are not available D. When nobody believes that history

C. When documents are not available

The histories of ethnic groups are called _ _

Ethnic histories

The _ _ is the notion that better communication between groups of people is facilitated simply by bringing them together and allowing them to interact

Contact hypothesis

Identify the type of history that is often presented in textbooks where "there is a constant tension between those who believe that textbooks exist to promote fervent patriotism and who believe that they exist to promote dispassionate analysis" A. Absent history B. Alternative history C. Social history D. Altered history

D. Altered history

Jamies, a writer, has written a book on the origins of a group, the reasons that forced migration, and how the people of the group managed to maintain their cultural traits. This scenario illustrates _ A. Diasporic histories B. Gender histories C. Colonial histories D. Cultural-group histories

D. Cultural-group histories

A massive migration often caused by war, famine, or persecution that results in the dispersal of a unified group is called a(n) _ A. Deurbanization B. Urbanization C. Expatriation D. Diaspora

D. Diaspora

_ occur at the same time as other histories but on a more personal level A. Intellectual histories B. Political histories C. Social histories D. Family histories

D. Family histories

Sonia writes about how the cultural conventions of men and women have changed drastically over the past century. This scenario illustrates _ A. Ethnic histories B. Political histories C. Racial histories D. Gender histories

D. Gender histories

Which of the following conditions outlined by Allport (1979), Amir (1969), and Pettigrew & Tropp (2006, 2013) does not include temporary inequality, such as student-teacher or patient-doctor roles? A. Strong normative and institutional support for the contact should be provided B. The contact should have the potential to extend beyond the immediate situation and occur in a variety of contexts C. Contact between the groups should be voluntary D. Group members should be of equal status, both within and outside the contact situation

D. Group members should be of equal status, both within and outside the contact situation

Valerie, who is campaigning for a social cause, recruits volunteers with similar ideologies from different ethnic and racial backgrounds. Which of the following conditions outlined by Allport (1979), Amir (1969), and Pettigrew & Tropp (2006, 2013) to facilitate intergroup communication is best reflected in this scenario? A. Programs should promote the individuation of group members B. Programs should maximize cooperation within groups and minimize competition C. Programs should equalize numbers of group members D. Group members should have similar beliefs and values

D. Group members should have similar beliefs and values

Sometimes nonmainstream histories are _, as they offer different views on the grand narrative and, therefore, have been suppressed or marginalized in our understanding of the past A. Social histories B. Intellectual histories C. Political histories D. Hidden histories

D. Hidden histories

Das Kapital, written by Karl Marx, proposed the theory of a totalitarian communist government. This scenario illustrates _ A. Gender histories B. Diasporic histories C. Colonial histories D. Intellectual histories

D. Intellectual histories

The Republic, a work by Plato, focuses on the development of the idea of justice. This is an example of _ A. Social histories B. Family histories C. Gender histories D. Intellectual histories

D. Intellectual histories

When did the national history of the United States typically begin? A. It typically began with the American revolution against British rule in the year 1775 B. It typically began with the Great Depression of the 1920s C. It typically began with the American Civil War in the year 1861 D. It typically began with the arrival of Europeans in North America in the 16th century

D. It typically began with the arrival of Europeans in North America in the 16th century

Identify a statement that best illustrates family history A. Sasha learns about the Bay of Pigs from her brother who majored in history B. Ahmed learns about Communism by reading the works of Karl Marx C. Juan learns about the Holocaust from the documentaries that he watched with his mother D. Mary learns about her grandfather from the stories that her father told her

D. Mary learns about her grandfather from the stories that her father told her

Which among the following statements best illustrates sexual orientation histories? A. Omar talks about the importance of providing education to girls B. Adele talks about giving equal rights to all women in making decisions C. Letty tells her son about the importance of maintaining equality between genders D. Nasser tells his son about an ancient Egyptian same-sex couple

D. Nasser tells his son about an ancient Egyptian same-sex couple

Alicia and John, who grew up hearing negative views about a particular group of people, treat all the group members with suspicion. In the context of the elements of personal histories that influence interaction as identified by Richard Brislin, which of the following elements best reflects this scenario? A. The languages the people speak influence their interactions B. People tend to be affected by recent, vivid events C. People may bring historical myths to interactions D. People bring childhood experiences to interactions

D. People bring childhood experiences to interactions

Dwayne and Brendon, who incorrectly believe that a particular group of people is secretly conspiring to take over the world, express their anger against what they believe to be communally divisive forces. In the context of the elements of personal histories that influence interaction as identified by Richard Brislin, which of the following elements best reflects this scenario? A. The languages that people speak influence their interactions B. People tend to be affected by recent, vivid events C. People bring childhood experiences to interactions D. People may bring historical myths to interactions

D. People may bring historical myths to interactions

The Bay of Pigs, an invasion of Cuba by the United States, was an instance of a tussle between the governments of two nations. This scenario illustrates _ A. Gender histories B. Diasporic histories C. Social histories D. Political histories

D. Political histories

Which of the following conditions outlined by Allport (1979), Amir (1969), and Pettigrew & Tropp (2006, 2013) suggests that programs should downplay the characteristics that mark the different groups? A. Contact between the groups should be voluntary B. The contact should have the potential to extend beyond the immediate situation and occur in a variety of contexts C. Programs should equalize numbers of group members D. Programs should promote the individuation of group members

D. Programs should promote the individuation of group members

Joshua tells his son about the disparate treatment of gay men by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. This scenario illustrates _ A. Social histories B. Cultural-group histories C. Disaporic histories D. Sexual orientation histories

D. Sexual orientation histories

Identify the statement that best illustrates hidden histories A. Jim's father tells him about the reign of terror experienced by the people of Cambodia when the Khmer Rouge ruled the country B. Soraya's mother tells her about her experience in the Armenian genocide and the atrocities faced by the land's Christian population C. Joy's aunt tells her about the conflict between Israel and Palestine D. Tonto's father doesn't tell him about the treatment of Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II

D. Tonto's father doesn't tell him about the treatment of Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II

True or False: Obscure cultural-group histories are seldom related to national histories

False Reason for answer: Cultural-group histories may be obscure, but it still related to the national history

True or False: Family histories often are written down but seldom passed along orally from on generation to the next

False Reason for answer: Family histories often are not written down but are passed along orally from one generation to the next

True or False: Institutional support seldom involves government and legal support

False Reason for answer: Institutional support may also mean government and legal support

True or false: Institutional support seldom involves government and legal support.

False Reason for answer: Institutional support may also mean government and legal support

The histories of nonmainstream racial groups are called _ _

Racial histories

True or False: The racially restrictive law of South Africa, the apartheid, was a rigid framework established by the government in 1948

True Reason for answer: The racially restrictive law of South Africa, the apartheid, was a rigid framework established by the government in 1948