Chapter 4 descriptive stats: representation

Susanne has a set of data she is using to create a histogram. If the set of numbers below is her data set, then which number in the data set will create the highest peak? 2, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 6, 5, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 2

2

How are independent variables and dependent variables different?

As an experimenter, you can directly change the value of an independent variable, but the value of a dependent variable depends on the outcome of the experiment.

Why might we represent a data set with a box plot?

Because we want to see the data set's quartiles, minimum, and maximum values on a number line.

If a data set has two different modes, then what is it?

Bimodal

What do we call two sets of variables that can change and are compared to find relationships?

Bivariate data

What is the term for data that is grouped by type or object, not by numbers?

Categorical

is data that is grouped by type or object, not by numbers

Categorical data

What is the relationship between two variables or sets of data?

Correlation

are used often in statistics. They are graphical methods of organizing and displaying useful information

Data distributions

What do we call areas in a data set where no observations have been made?

Gaps

What is a graphical representation of the distribution of data?

Histogram

display data in ranges, with each bar representing a range of numeric values

Histograms

in a screw it goes ____, ___, the ____

Mean, median, mode

What is the term for the type of data that is measurable?

Numerical

is information that is measurable

Numerical data

What is a graph of ordered pairs showing a relationship between two sets of data?

Scatterplot

A graph that peaks to the left or the right of the center is known as _____.

Skewed

What is the shape of a graph that peaks to the left or the right of the center?

Skewed

represents an imbalance and asymmetry from the mean of a data distribution

Skewness in statistics

tells you how different and varied your data set really is.

Standard deviation

A statistician makes a graph, which includes a shape that's almost mirrored perfectly across a line, but not quite. How should we describe the shape?

Symmetrical

a value that is the difference between the upper quartile value and the lower quartile value

The interquartile range

When a data set is visually symmetrical, what occurs all at the same point?

The mean, median, and mode

What can we show using a histogram?

The mode of a data set

Once a plot has been created, how do you access all of the display options for that plot?

Use the right mouse button

A student makes a dot plot to represent the grades their classmates got on the last test, and finds that it makes a shape that is mirrored nearly perfectly across a line at the mean. Is this shape symmetrical? Why or why not?

Yes, it's symmetrical, because the shape is mirrored nearly perfectly across a line.

where the data set has two different modes.

bimodal

positive skew

means that the extreme data results are larger

negative skew

means the opposite: that the extreme data results are smaller.

If the graph sloped downward, like the bivariate data in the graph below, then you have a data set with

negative correlation

where the dependent variables and independent variables in a data set increase together

positive correlation

a group of values and/or means that divide a data set into quarters, or groups of four

quartile

In a 100% stacked histogram, which one of the following data attributes is not easily noticeable?

the total data count

consists of a table with tally marks that show frequency of occurrences in each category

tally chart

Which axis of a histogram usually shows the categories into which the various members of a data set fall?

the horizontal axis

The box in a box plot represents what portion of the data?

the middle 50%

Histograms are very similar to what other graphical representation of numbers?

Bar Graphs

Mrs. Honey gave her class a very easy math test to bring their overall grades up. Though, one person did not do as well as the others. Find the skew of the test scores of these 6 students: 70, 92, 94, 96, 98, 98

-1.03

Find the skew of this data set: 1,2,3,4,5,6

0

A dot plot is a visual representation of data using intervals or categories of variables, with each dot representing _____.

an observation in the data

What field of mathematics often uses data distributions?

statistics

where the shape created is mirrored nearly perfectly across a line

symmetrical

The box portion represents the middle 50% of the data. The vertical line in the box is the median, or the middle value of the data set. The left and right whiskers that extend from the box represent the lower and upper 25% of the data, respectively.

box-and-whisker plots

which is the relationship between two variables or sets of data

correlation

a condition or piece of data in an experiment that is controlled or influenced by an outside factor, most often the independent variable

dependent variable

Box plots are also called _____.

box-and-whisker plots

dots, or rate of occurrence, of customers who gave each rating.

frequency

is an area in the data set where no observations have been made

gap

Which data distribution would be useful for showing frequencies of a large set of data?

histogram

condition or piece of data in an experiment that can be controlled or changed

independent variable

rectangular representations of data. They do not give the frequency of values, but they provide other useful information about a set of data

Box plots

Xavier has always been a prodigy, smarter than everyone in his classes. His science teacher gave his class a test and everyone failed but him. He got a 94 but everyone else got scores in the 50 and 60 range (out of 100). Find the skew of the following data set of Xavier and 7 of his fellow students: 53, 58, 61, 62, 62, 65, 69, 94

0.84

two sets of variables that can change and are compared to find relationships

bivariate data

What is a condition or piece of data in an experiment that can be controlled or changed?

Independent variable

In a normal data distribution with a symmetric bell curve, what is the skewness?

zero

is a graphical representation of the distribution in a data set using quartiles, minimum and maximum values on a number line

box plot

What menu option is used in Excel for creating graphs and plots of data?

chart

a visual representation of data using intervals or categories of variables; the dots represent an observation in the data.

dot plot

is a graph of ordered pairs showing a relationship between two sets of data. In this lesson, you will learn how to interpret bivariate data to create scatterplots

scatterplot

which is where the shape of a graph peaks to the left or the right of the center

skewed