Chapter 4: Differences in Culture

What are three of the determinants of culture?

Economic philosophy Social structure Political philosophy

______ is judging another's culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.

Ethnocentrism

What are three principles of social stratification? (Check all that apply.)

It carries over to the next generation. It involves beliefs as well as inequality. It is generally universal.

How has social media affected group life?

It has emphasized the idea of an extended social group.

______ join the political entity of a state to the cultural entity of a nation.

Nation-states

What are three examples of the "hidden curriculum" of schools? (Check all that apply.)

Obedience to authority Respect for others Dealing with competition

What is the focus of Hofstede's power distance dimension?

People are not equal in physical capabilities.

What are two examples of nonverbal communication?

Standing an appropriate distance from a colleague during a conversation Giving a thumbs up sign to indicate you agree with a statement

True or False: While religion can influence the values and norms of society, the values and norms of society can also impact religion.

True

______ is the Hofstede dimension that measures a society's tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty.

Uncertainty avoidance

What are the four dimensions originally identified by Hofstede?

Uncertainty avoidance Power distance Masculinity versus femininity Individualism versus collectivism

The most rigid form of social stratification is the _____ system.

caste

Understanding how cultural differences across and within nations affect the way business is practiced is known as ______ literacy.

cross-cultural

Energy Resources Ltd. does business in 50 countries around the world. The company stresses to all employees the importance of understanding the prevailing culture in the countries that they are doing business in. In other words, the company is aware of the importance of

cross-cultural literacy.

Hofstede studied how ______ relates to values in the workplace.

culture

Geoff believes that the way his U.S.-based company does business is superior to the way his French affiliate office conducts business. Geoff's attitude is an example of _____.

ethnocentrism

Monica asked her manager if appropriate dress for the meeting was business casual or traditional business. Monica is inquiring about the ______ associated with the meeting.

folkway

The routine conventions of living, thinking, and acting in a group are called ______.

folkways

Stephen usually eats lunch with three of his co-workers and on the weekends he gets together with his college friends. The people Stephen interacts with represent two types of _____.

groups

According to Hofstede, societies with stiff codes of behavior, rules, and laws score on the uncertainty avoidance index. (Choose high or low.)

high

The Hofstede dimension that is focused on the degree to which people in a society are integrated into groups is

individualism versus collectivism.

According to Hofstede, if the ties between people are loose, it is most likely a sign of a(n) ______ society.

individualistic

Western society values _______ over ______.

individuals; groups

A caste system is a type of social structure that divides people on the basis of _____.

inherited social status

There _____ a strict one-to-one relationship between one culture and a nation-state.

is not

Alex considers himself a "true French Canadian" and agrees with political activists who think there should be a separation from English speaking citizens who are dominating certain provinces. What seems to be the cause of this division in Canada?

language

Kate's grandmother was born in Belgium and she says she is Flemish. Anne's grandmother was also born in Belgium and she says she is French. In some areas of Belgium, all signs are in French and are not possible to read unless you know the French language. The same is true for other areas with all signs in Flemish. What is creating the divide between these two cultures?

language

Social _____ refers to how difficult or easy it is for an individual to move out of the social strata into which they are born.

mobility

Unspoken language is another way to describe ______ communication.

nonverbal

Most people talk quietly when going into a library because it is a social rule. This type of social rule is called a _____.

norm

In the ______ dimension identified by Hofstede, the degree of power and wealth is not balanced within a country.

power distance

Nigel was born into a poor, working-class family in England. He is resigned to the fact that his life will be much like his fathers as he has no way to earn a degree and change his status. Nigel believes that a lack of _____ determines his fate.

social mobility

All societies are divided on a hierarchical basis into social categories called social _____.

strata

The basic social organization of a society is called its social _____.

structure

True or false: Education provides a competitive economic advantage through the creation of a pool of skilled and educated workers.

true

The ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable are called _____.

values