Chapter 4 - Downers

antihistamines muscle relaxants benzodiazepines

In addition to alcohol and opioids, other depressant drugs include: • Over the counter and look alike downers, including ________________ • Skeletal __________________ • Sedative-hypnotics, including ______________

Poppy seedpod

Morphine and codeine alkaloids are found in the sap of the _________________

Prescription opioids

Most heroin abusers began by abusing ________________, specifically

Reduce alcoholic cravings

Naltrexone is prescribed for the following uses: • To break the addiction to alcohol and

Prevent relapse

Naltrexone is prescribed for the following uses: • To break the cycle of addiction to opioids and

Significant clinical improvement

Of 1,033 new drugs approved by the FDA between 1989 and 2000 more than 50% showed no _______________________ over older and cheaper drugs already in use

dopamine

Regarding the activation of the dopaminergic reward/control system: Is activated by _________

Sex Eat Drink (water as well as alcohol)

Regarding the activation of the dopaminergic reward/control system: It is largely responsible for drives to have _____, _____, and _____ (________________);

survival

Regarding the activation of the dopaminergic reward/control system: It releases a surge of pleasure that encourages repetition of behaviors intended primarily for

OxyContin

Semi-synthetic/ synthetic opiate drugs with the trade pharmaceutical name listed after it: • Oxycodone

Percodan, Percocet

Semi-synthetic/ synthetic opiate drugs with the trade pharmaceutical name listed after it: • Oxycodone

Buprenorphine and naloxone

Suboxone is a combination of

10% to 70% 10% to 70%

The DEA estimates heroin purity at ___________. Therefore, the purity of heroin at the retail level varies from ______________.

Detoxification Correction Therapy Recovery Community

The combination of all four of these factors is considered the most successful means of sustained recovery for addiction to opiates 1. Physical ___________ 2. Psychological ___________ 3. Medication/ replacement ___________ 4. Participation in a ___________ ___________

Addictive Synergistic

The following factors contribute to the misuse, abuse, or overdose of sedative-hypnotic drugs: • Ignorance of the _______ and ________ effects of sedative-hypnotics

Safer

The following factors contribute to the misuse, abuse, or overdose of sedative-hypnotic drugs: • Misperception that prescription medications are much _______ than street drugs

toxic effects

The following factors contribute to the misuse, abuse, or overdose of sedative-hypnotic drugs: • Selective tolerance to some effects of a sedative-hypnotic but not to its __________

war and combat

The following factors have led to increases in drug experimentation, abuse, and addiction among US military personnel who served in Iraq and Afghanistan: 1. The stress of years of ______________

hydrocodone and oxycodone

The following factors have led to increases in drug experimentation, abuse, and addiction among US military personnel who served in Iraq and Afghanistan: 2. The availability of prescription opiates like _______________ and _________________

heroin

The following factors have led to increases in drug experimentation, abuse, and addiction among US military personnel who served in Iraq and Afghanistan: 3. The availability of __________

-traumatic stress

The following factors have led to increases in drug experimentation, abuse, and addiction among US military personnel who served in Iraq and Afghanistan: 4. Post______________

GBL Seroquel Placidyl

The following substances have been abused for their major effects as a sedative-hypnotic: • _______ (gamma butyllactone) • _______ (quetiapine) • _______ (Ethchlorvynol)

Combination Magnifies

The synergistic effect of drugs refers to, the ___________ of two or more depressant drugs, which __________ their effect on the CNS

No limit

Therefore, there is almost ________ to the level of opioid tolerance a human can develop

Just a few days

Tolerance to opiates/ opioids develops rapidly, with users being able to tolerate great amounts within

respiratory depression, overdose, and death

Why is it dangerous to combine and opioid with a downer like alcohol, barbiturates, or benzos? Because the combination of depressants increases the potential for _________, ___________, and _____________

Muscular pain

Withdrawal from opiates produces symptoms that are the opposite of the drugs effects. Considering this fact, the following symptoms would be expected from opiates withdrawal: • Bone, joint, and ____________

Tachycardia

Withdrawal from opiates produces symptoms that are the opposite of the drugs effects. Considering this fact, the following symptoms would be expected from opiates withdrawal: • High blood pressure, rapid pulse and ___________

Anxiety

Withdrawal from opiates produces symptoms that are the opposite of the drugs effects. Considering this fact, the following symptoms would be expected from opiates withdrawal: • Insomnia and _________

14 days or more

Withdrawal symptoms following detoxification and abstinence from long-acting opioids such as methadone can persist for ______________ after detoxification

Downers

____________ depress the overall functioning of the central nervous system, causing sedation, muscle relaxation, drowsiness, and, if used to excess, coma

Naloxone

_____________ is an opioid antagonist that may be used to prevent an opioid overdose

Depressants

Alcohol, opiates, sedative-hypnotics are the three major classes of

Tissue dependence

Concerning cross-tolerance of and cross-dependence on drugs: • As ________________ on a depressant drug develops, the user also develops dependence on other drugs in the same chemical family

Dependence

Concerning cross-tolerance of and cross-dependence on drugs: • As tissue dependence on a drug develops, the user can also develop ________ on other drugs in a different chemical family

Downers

Concerning cross-tolerance of and cross-dependence on drugs: • As tolerance to a depressant drug develops, the user also develops tolerance to other ___________

Different

Concerning cross-tolerance of and cross-dependence on drugs: • As tolerance to a drug develops, the user can also develop tolerance to other drugs he actually uses from _____________ chemical families

Breathing and heart rate

Depressants decrease rate of

Reduce cravings for cocaine

Naltrexone is prescribed for the following uses: • To break the cycle of cocaine addiction and

Break nicotine addiction

Naltrexone is prescribed for the following uses: • To support smoking cessation and

Substance P

Opioids act like endorphins and opioids can block

Vicodin

Semi-synthetic/ synthetic opiate drugs with the trade pharmaceutical name listed after it: • Hydrocodone

Hyperalgesia

__________________ is a temporary increase in the sensitivity to painful stimuli that is experienced during the long-term use of opiates/ opioids used to treat pain.

"Nociceptive"

__________________ means pain cause by external stimuli of pain receptors