Chapter 4 EGEE 102

Which one of the following are all greenhouse gases? A ) CH4, HCFCs, H2O, CO2 B ) N2O, CFCs, CO2, HCs C ) CO2, CH4, H2O, PM D ) CO2, CH4, SO2, CFCs

A ) CH4, HCFCs, H2O, CO2 CH4, HCFCs, H2O, CO2 are greenhouse gases

From the following, pick the odd set of pollutants: A ) CO, SO2, NOx B ) CO, SO2, Ozone C ) CO, NOx, Ozone D ) SO2, NOx, Ozone

A ) CO, SO2, NOx The pollutants that are emitted directly from a combustion process are called "primary pollutants."

Which one of the following gases interferes with the function of hemoglobin in the blood? A ) Carbon monoxide B ) Carbon dioxide C ) Nitrogen Oxides D ) Sulfur dioxide

A ) Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide interferes with the function of hemoglobin in the blood

Nitric acid is formed when _____. A ) NO is oxidized in the atmosphere to form NO2 and then dissolved in clouds B ) SO2 is oxidized in the atmosphere to form SO3 and then dissolved in clouds C ) NOx is oxidized in the atmosphere to form NO and then dissolved in clouds D ) SO is oxidized in the atmosphere to form SO2 and then dissolved in clouds

A ) NO is oxidized in the atmosphere to form NO2 and then dissolved in clouds Most of the NOx that is emitted is in the form of NO. This NO is oxidized in the atmosphere to NO2. NO2 is soluble in water and forms HNO2 (nitric acid)

Nitrogen in the fuel when burned can form _____. A ) NOx B ) CO2 C ) SO2 D ) H2O

A ) NOx Sulfur turns into sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen into nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

Sulfur when burned forms _____. A ) SO2 B ) CO2 C ) CO D ) NO2

A ) SO2 Sulfur turns into sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen into nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

Which gases cause respiratory illness when exposed to over the long run? A ) Sulfur dioxide B ) Carbon monoxide C ) Carbon dioxide

A ) Sulfur dioxide SO2 and NOx cause respirtory illness when exposed to over the long run

Global climate change critics argue that due to increased concentration of CO2 we are seeing more forestation and that climate change is not a serious problem. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE

CFCs are created only by humans. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE CFC is a man-made chemical

Potential Global Warming can lead to melting polar ice caps. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Climate models indicate that global warming will be felt most acutely at high latitudes, especially in the Arctic where reductions in sea ice and snow cover are expected to lead to the greatest relative temperature increases. Refer to screen 23 in 'Less

One of the ways to reduce greenhouse gases is to use energy efficent appliances. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Energy efficient appliances help to reduce greenhouse gases

Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons comprised of primarily carbon and hydrogen and some sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and mineral matter. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons comprised of primarily carbon and hydrogen and some sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and mineral matter

Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere are steadily increasing. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere are steadily increasing

Greenhouse gases in the air around us are increasing. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Greenhouse gases like CO2 in the air around is increasing due to increased use of fossil fuels

Aerosols (formed from sulfate particles) can cause the planet to cool down. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Human-induced factors such as biomass burning (forest and agricultural fires) and sulfate aerosols from burning coal contribute tiny particles that contribute to cooling

Analysis of ice cores provides the composition of the past air, which can be used to determine the past temperatures for approximately hundreds of thousands of years. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Ice in the Polar Regions traps the air of that time period. New ice is deposited over the previously deposited ice, trapping the air from the past. Thus, analysis of ice cores provides the composition of the past air, which can be used to determine the

Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be uninhabitable. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE If there were no greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the radiation received during the day time would be escaping in the night and the Earth would be at an average temperature (including summer, winter, night and day, and all latitudes) of 0 degrees F.

Greenhouse gases trap the infrared radiation in the atmosphere which is radiated back from the Earth. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Infrared radiation comes in from the sun and without greenhouse gases, all this radiation would escape into the space

Approximately 90% NOx of the emissions from combustion devices are in the form of NO. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Most of the NOx emissions from combustion devices (approximately 90%) are in the form of NO

NOx react in the air with VOCs to form ground-level ozone which is associated with adverse health effects. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE NOx react in the air to form ground-level ozone and fine particulates, which are associated with adverse health effects

Nitric oxide is a component of NOx. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Nitrogen into nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Together they are called NOx.

Oceans are vital in the energy balance of the earth. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Oceans play a vital role in the energy balance of the Earth. It is known that the top 10 feet of the oceans can hold as much of the heat as the entire atmosphere above the surface. However, most of the incoming energy is incident on the equatorial regio

PM10 is a term used for particles that are smaller than or equal to 10 µm (micro meter) in diameter. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE PM 10 refers to all particles less than or equal to 10 µm in diameter (about one-seventh the diameter of a human hair). PM can be emitted directly or formed in the atmosphere

Some groups of scientists argue that an atmopshere rich in CO2 is good for plants. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Plants use CO2 and give out O2 during photosynthesis

Short-term exposures to low levels of NO2 may lead to changes in airway responsiveness and lung function in individuals with preexisting respiratory illnesses. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Short-term exposures (e.g., less than 3 hours) to low levels of NO2 may lead to changes in airway responsiveness and lung function in individuals with preexisting respiratory illnesses

Earth is a natural greenhouse. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE The atmospheric gases in addition to oxygen and nitrogen contain gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane (CH4), and laughing gas (N2O). These gasses are called greenhouse gases and these gases have the ability to absorb the infrared radiation

Burning of a fossil fuel is a reaction of elements in the fuel with oxygen. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE The carbon the fuel combines with the oxygen in the air used for burning and forms carbon dioxide. In case there is not enough oxygen for complete oxidation, carbon monoxide (CO) may form. Hydrogen (H) in the fuel oxidizes by combining with oxygen (O) and forms water.

The atmospheric temperature and CO2 concentration changed prior to the pre-industrial periods. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE The ice core samples indicated that the atmospheric concentration of CO2 and temperatures fluctuated in the past significantly.

SO2 is a primary pollutant A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE The pollutants that are emitted directly from a combustion process are called "primary pollutants"

CO is a primary pollutant A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE The pollutants that are emitted directly from a combustion process are called "primary pollutants."

NOx are primary pollutants. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE The pollutants that are emitted directly from a combustion process are called "primary pollutants."

Ground level ozone is a secondary pollutant. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE These primary pollutants when emitted into the atmosphere combine with other reactants and form "secondary" pollutants. An example of this would be ozone

Global warming would occur when _____. A ) Total energy received by the earth is more than the energy leaving B ) Heat budget is balanced C ) Infrared light energy is given off by the earth D ) The total energy leaving the earth is greater than the energy received

A ) Total energy received by the earth is more than the energy leaving Global warming would occur when total energy received by the earth is more than the energy leaving

Ozone is _____ when breathed by humans. A ) harmful B ) harmless C ) invigorating

A ) harmful Ozone can be good or bad, depending on where it is found: It is a bluish gas that is harmful to breathe. Therefore, it is bad at the ground level

Ozone is good for the environment at _____. A ) high altitude (about 10 km) B ) any altitude C ) low altitude ( about 10 m)

A ) high altitude (about 10 km) Stratospheric ozone is good for the environment. It blocks UV rays from entering earths atmosphere.

Which one of the following is true about global temperatures in the last century? A ) increased about 1 degrees F B ) increased about 12 degrees F C ) increased about 6 degrees F D ) decreased about 1 degrees F

A ) increased about 1 degrees F During the last century, global temperatures increased about 1 degrees F

Most of the ground level ozone is produced _____. A ) indirectly by combustion of fossil fuels B ) naturally by natural processes C ) directly by combustion of fossil fuels

A ) indirectly by combustion of fossil fuels Ozone is a secondary pollutant that forms from the primary pollutants such as Volatile Organic Compounds (Hydrocarbons) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the presence of sunlight. Its formation is mainly from the automobile emissions

The Greenhouse Effect occurs because carbon dioxide absorbs _____. A ) infrared radiation B ) microwaves C ) visible light D ) ultraviolet radiation

A ) infrared radiation The Greenhouse Effect occurs because carbon dioxide absorbs infrared radiation

Acid rain damages trees in which of the following manners? A ) removes soil nutrients B ) dissolves roots C ) causes bark to fall off

A ) removes soil nutrients Acid rain damages trees by leaching away nutrients from the soil

Acid rain damages trees in which of the following manners? A ) removes soil nutrients B ) causes bark to fall off C ) dissolves roots

A ) removes soil nutrients Acid rain does not usually kill trees directly. Instead, it is more likely to weaken trees by damaging their leaves, limiting the nutrients available to them, or exposing them to toxic substances slowly released from the soil

Results of recent climate models suggest that projected greenhouse gas emission patterns may lead to a global warming of 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius during _____. A ) the next century B ) the next five years C ) the next millennium

A ) the next century Results of recent climate models suggest that projected greenhouse gas emission patterns may lead to a global warming of 1.5 to 4.5 degrees Celsius during the next century

The energy that causes our atmosphere to heat up comes from _____. A ) the sun B ) volcanoes C ) oceans D ) inside the Earth

A ) the sun The energy that causes our atmosphere to heat up comes from the sun

Acid rain precursors in the US reduce visibility by _____. A ) 0.13 B ) 0.24 C ) 0.97 D ) 0.6

D ) 0.6 Sulfate particles account for 50 to 70 percent of the visibility reduction in the eastern part of the United States, affecting our enjoyment of national parks, such as the Shenandoah and the Great Smoky Mountains.

The stratosphere begins at what altitude? A ) 100 miles B ) 50 miles C ) 5 miles D ) 10 miles

D ) 10 miles

Most acid rain in the United States has a pH of A ) 8.2 B ) 7.1 C ) 3.4 D ) 4.2

D ) 4.2

From the following, pick the odd set of pollutants: A ) VOC, NOx, SO2 B ) CO, NOx, SO2 C ) CO, VOC, SO2 D ) CO, VOC, Ozone

D ) CO, VOC, Ozone The pollutants that are emitted directly from a combustion process are called "primary pollutants."

Acid rain is known to have the most direct effect on which animal? A ) Walruses B ) Birds C ) Humans D ) Fish

D ) Fish Not all fish, shellfish, or the insects that they eat can tolerate the same amount of acid; for example, frogs can tolerate water that is more acidic (has lower pH) than trout

The largest ozone hole is located over: A ) The tropic of cancer. B ) The Arctic circle. C ) The equator. D ) The Antarctic circle.

D ) The Antarctic circle. Recent studies by NASA and other have indicated that about 40 percent of the ozone in the Antarctica has been destroyed and about 7 percent of ozone is destroyed from the Arctic Circle. The destruction of ozone is also called "Ozone Hole"

Methane and nitrous oxide have what impact on the atmosphere? A ) Allow heat to escape B ) None at all C ) Destroy other greenhouse gases D ) Trap heat

D ) Trap heat Methane and nitrous oxide are greenhouse gases

Ozone forms by the reaction of nitrogen oxides and _____. A ) particles B ) sulfur dioxide C ) carbon dioxide D ) VOCs

D ) VOCs Ozone is a secondary pollutant that forms from the primary pollutants such as Volatile Organic Compounds (Hydrocarbons) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the presence of sunlight

Where is the bulk of Earth's ozone located? A ) troposphere B ) oceans C ) ionosphere D ) stratosphere

D ) stratosphere Bulk of earth's ozone is located in stratosphere

What is the impact of methane and nitrous oxide on the atmosphere? A ) none at all B ) allow heat to escape C ) destroy other greenhouse gases D ) trap heat

D ) trap heat Methane and nitrous oxide are greeenhouse gases

PM10 is a term used for particles that are larger than or equal to 10 µm (micro meter) in diameter. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE PM10 refers to all particles less than or equal to 10 µm in diameter (about one-seventh the diameter of a human hair)

Sun spots can decrease the radiation from the Sun. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE Sun spots (intense flares on the surface) can increase the radiation from the sun.

From the ice core data, the concentration of CO2 during previous fluctuations (over the past 400,000 years) was higher than today's concentration. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE The CO2 concentration did not rise above 310 ppm at any time in the past 400,000 years although the temperature did. Present time CO2 concentration is 370 ppm.

Currently China emits the largest amount of CO2 into the atmosphere due to increasing fossil fuel consumption. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE The United States continues to be the largest single emitter of fossil fuel-related CO2 emissions reaching an all-time high of 5,912 million metric tons of carbon in 2004

Greenhouse gases have the ability to absorb the UV radiation. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE The atmospheric gases in addition to oxygen and nitrogen contain gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane (CH4), and laughing gas (N2O). These gasses are called greenhouse gases and these gases have the ability to absorb the infrared radiation

VOCs (unburnt hydrocarbons) are secondary pollutants. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE The pollutants that are emitted directly from a combustion process are called "primary pollutants"

CO is a secondary pollutant. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE The pollutants that are emitted directly from a combustion process are called "primary pollutants."

NOx are secondary pollutants. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE The pollutants that are emitted directly from a combustion process are called "primary pollutants."

SO2 is a secondary pollutant. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE The pollutants that are emitted directly from a combustion process are called "primary pollutants."

The primary source for nitrogen oxide emissions in the US is from industries A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE The primary sources of NOx are motor vehicles, electric utilities, and other industrial, commercial, and residential sources that burn fuels

The primary source for nitrogen oxide emissions in the US is home heating A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE The primary sources of NOx are motor vehicles, electric utilities, and other industrial, commercial, and residential sources that burn fuels

Acid rain can damage your skin. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE C ) only if you swim in an acidic lake

B ) FALSE Walking in acid rain or swimming in a lake while filled with acid rain will not affect your skin

As a result of global warming, global precipitation would _____. A ) Stay the same B ) Increase C ) We don't know D ) Decrease

B ) Increase As a result of global warming, global precipitation would increase

Which gases contribute to the acid rain formation? A ) Carbon monoxide B ) Sulfur dioxide C ) Carbon dioxide D ) Particulate matter

B ) Sulfur dioxide SO2 and NOX contribute to acid rain formation

Which one of the following countries has the highest carbon dioxide emissions? A ) Canada B ) United States C ) Australia D ) India

B ) United States United State has the highest carbon dioxide emissions

You are at the most risk of lung damage due to smog if you are _____. A ) an adolescent B ) a young child C ) an adult

B ) a young child You are at the most risk of lung damage due to smog if you are a young child

Which one of the following conditions contribute to acid rain damage? A ) areas with great soil buffering capacity B ) areas with poor soil buffering capacity C ) areas with dense vegetation D ) areas with sparse vegetation

B ) areas with poor soil buffering capacity

The largest ozone hole _____. A ) moves around the world B ) is over Antarctica C ) is over the arctic circle D ) is over South America

B ) is over Antarctica Recent studies by NASA and other have indicated that about 40 percent of the ozone in the Antarctica has been destroyed and about 7 percent of ozone is destroyed from the Arctic Circle.

PM2.5 describes the "fine" particles that are _____ 2.5 µm (micro meter) in diameter. A ) larger than or equal to B ) smaller than or equal to C ) exactly equal to

B ) smaller than or equal to PM2.5 describes the "fine" particles that are smaller than or equal to 2.5 µm (micro meter) in diameter.

Global warming occurs when _____. A ) the heat budget is balanced. B ) the total energy arriving at the earth is more than the energy leaving. C ) infrared light energy is given off by the earth D ) the total energy leaving the earth is greater than the energy arriving

B ) the total energy arriving at the earth is more than the energy leaving. Global warming occurs when the total energy arriving at the earth is more than the energy leaving

Sulfates and nitrates that form in the atmosphere from sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions contribute to _____. A ) Global warming B ) visibility reduction C ) Ozone layer destruction

B ) visibility reduction Sulfates and nitrates that form in the atmosphere from sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions contribute to visibility reduction

Which one of the following chemicals leads to the destruction of ozone? A ) PHDs B ) VOCs C ) CFCs

C ) CFCs CFCs lead to the destruction of ozone

Without carbon dioxide in the atmosphere the Earth would be ______. A ) Greener B ) Wetter C ) Cooler D ) Hotter

C ) Cooler Without carbon dioxide in the atmosphere the Earth would be cooler

In the last century the global temperature has ______. A ) Gone up 10 degrees F B ) Gone up 6 degrees F C ) Gone up 1 degrees F

C ) Gone up 1 degrees F In the last century the global temperature has gone up 1 degrees F

Which one of the following causes global climate change? A ) The hole in the ozone layer B ) More UV light coming in C ) Increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activity

C ) Increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activity

In the last 150 years the amount of methane (a greenhouse gas) in the atmosphere has _____. A ) Stayed the same B ) Decreased C ) Increased

C ) Increased In the last 150 years the amount of methane (a greenhouse gas) in the atmosphere has increased

Volatile organic compounds are emitted primarily from which source? A ) power plants B ) Motor Vehicles C ) Industrial and commercial processes

C ) Industrial and commercial processes motor vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions, gasoline vapors, and chemical solvents are some of the major sources of NOx and VOC, that help to form ozone

Which gases contribute to the acid rain formation? A ) Carbon monoxide B ) Carbon dioxide C ) Nitrogen Oxides D ) Particulate matter

C ) Nitrogen Oxides SO2 and NOX contribute to acid rain formation

Sulfuric acid is formed when _____. A ) NOx is oxidized in the atmosphere to form NO and then dissolved in clouds B ) SO is oxidized in the atmosphere to form SO2 and then dissolved in clouds C ) SO2 is oxidized in the atmosphere to form SO3 and then dissolved in clouds D ) SO3 is oxidized in the atmosphere to form SO2 and then dissolved in clouds

C ) SO2 is oxidized in the atmosphere to form SO3 and then dissolved in clouds SO2 when emitted into the atmosphere slowly oxidizes to SO3. SO3 is readily soluble in water in the clouds and forms H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)

Ozone is a _____. A ) Primary pollutant B ) pollutant emitted by automobiles C ) Secondary pollutant D ) pollutant emitted mostly by power plants

C ) Secondary pollutant Ozone formed from NOx and VOCs in presence of sunligh

Results of recent climate models suggest that projected greenhouse gas emission patterns may lead to a global warming of 1.4 to 5.8 degrees Celsius during _____. A ) The next 20 years B ) The next five years C ) The next 100 years

C ) The next 100 years Results of recent climate models suggest that projected greenhouse gas emission patterns may lead to a global warming of 1.4 to 5.8 degrees Celsius during the next 100 years

Stratospheric ozone layer is good for us because it prevents harmful ________ radiation from reaching the earth A ) IR B ) Visible C ) UV

C ) UV Stratospheric ozone layer is good for us because it prevents harmful UV radiation from reaching the earth

Which one of the following will reduce vehicular NOx emissions? A ) washing the car B ) rolling down the windows instead of using the AC C ) keeping the car well tuned D ) pumping gas at night

C ) keeping the car well tuned Keeping the car well tuned will reduce vehicular NOx emissions

In large cities, ozone is at the highest concentration at which time of day? A ) midnight B ) early morning C ) late afternoon

C ) late afternoon In the presence of sunlight by mid-afternoon NOx react with VOCs to form ozone

How many tons of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases are released globally into the air each year? A ) twenty seven trillion tons B ) one thousand tons C ) twenty seven billion tons D ) One million tons

C ) twenty seven billion tons About 27 billion tons of of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases are released globally into the air each year

A water solution with a pH of 10 is _____. A ) Basic B ) Acidic C ) Neutral

A ) Basic The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. It ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic

When carbon in a fossil burns, it combines with oxygen to form _____. A ) CO2 B ) SO2 C ) NO2 D ) Ozone

A ) CO2 The carbon in the fuel combines with the oxygen in the air used for burning and forms carbon dioxide.

Atmospheric concentrations of methane in the last 150 years have _____. A ) Increased B ) Decreased C ) Remained the same

A ) Increased Atmospheric concentrations of methane in the last 150 years have increased

When does acid rain directly damage your skin? A ) It does not damage directly B ) It damages only if you swim in an acidic lake C ) It always damages

A ) It does not damage directly Acid rain does not directly damage skin

Which gases cause respiratory illness when exposed to over the long run? A ) Nitrogen Oxides B ) Carbon monoxide C ) Carbon dioxide

A ) Nitrogen Oxides SO2 and NOx cause respirtory illness when exposed to over the long run

Minerals in fossil fuels turn into ash when oxidized (burnt). A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE

Oceans are vital in the energy balance of the earth. The great ocean conveyer belt slowdown or stoppage could lead to a potential catastrophe. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE

Slowdown or stoppage of the great ocean conveyer belt could lead to a potential catastrophe. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE

The primary source for nitrogen oxide emissions in the US is motor vehicles A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE

Earth's axis of rotation can cause some natural fluctuations in the energy received from the sun. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Earth's axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees and this tilt goes from one side to the other and back over in 40,000-year cycles. Earth's axis of rotation takes about 21,000 years to complete a cycle. This can change the energy input.

Excessive greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic emissions retains more heat than normal. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Excessive greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic emissions retains more heat than normal

The use of petroleum products accounts for the highest amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the US. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE In 2000, 39.7 percent of U.S. fossil-fuel emissions come from the consumption of petroleum products and coal usage accounts for 37 percent of U.S. fossil-fuel CO2 emissions. About 21.1 percent of the CO2 emissions are as a result of natural gas use. Ref

Formation of ozone at the ground level involves VOCs and NOx in the presence of sunlight. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE In presence of sunlight VOCs and NO react to form ground level ozone

The increase in the greenhouse gases since industrialization began is believed to be causing an increase in the global temperature over the past 150 years. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE It is evident that the rapid increase in CO2 concentrations has been occurring since the onset of industrialization. This increase in the greenhouse gases is believed to be causing an increase in the global temperature over the past 150 years.

Low level clouds shield the Earth's surface from the Sun's radiation. This reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface of the Earth thereby cooling the Earth. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Low level clouds shield the Earth's surface from the Sun's radiation. This reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface of the Earth thereby cooling the Earth

Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) together are represented by NOx. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) together are represented by NOx

Smog is a secondary pollutant caused by the burning of fossil fuels. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Ozone is a secondary pollutant that forms from the primary pollutants such as Volatile Organic Compounds (Hydrocarbons) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the presence of sunlight. Smog is caused by reaction of ozone, VOC and Nox in presence of sunlight

Some of the fuel that does not burn is emitted as unburnt hydrocarbon compounds. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE Some of the fuel (hydrocarbon) may not completely burn and therefore is released into the atmosphere along with the products.

The US emits the largest amount of CO2 in the world due to the combustion of fossil fuels. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE The United States continues to be the largest single emitter of fossil fuel-related CO2 emissions reaching an all-time high of 5,912 million metric tons of carbon in 2004

VOCs (unburnt hydrocarbons) are primary pollutants. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

A ) TRUE The pollutants that are emitted directly from a combustion process are called "primary pollutants"

Hydrogen when burned forms _____. A ) Water B ) SO2 C ) CO2 D ) H2O2

A ) Water Hydrogen when burned forms water

Particulate matter (PM) is the general term used to describe _____. A ) a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air B ) only solid particle emissions C ) only liquid particle emissions D ) Secondary pollutants

A ) a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air Particulate matter (PM) is the general term used to describe a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air

Where is ozone typically at its greatest concentrations? A ) at high altitudes (10km - 15km) B ) upwind of cities C ) downwind of cities D ) well outside of cities

A ) at high altitudes (10km - 15km) Typically, ozone is found at its greatest concentrations at high altitudes (10km - 15km)

As a result of global warming, global precipitation would _____. A ) increase B ) decrease C ) remain the same

A ) increase As a result of global warming, global precipitation would increase

The ozone hole has _____. A ) lower than 220 Dobson units of ozone concentration B ) Higher than 220 Dobson units of ozone concentration C ) no ozone between space and the earth's surface D ) higher concentration of CFCs in the stratosphere

A ) lower than 220 Dobson units of ozone concentration Ozone hole has lower than 220 dobson units of ozone concentration

Smog is a primary pollutant caused by burning of fossil fuels. Smog is formed from Ozone, NOx, VOCs in presence of sunlight. Where VOCs, NOx are primary pollutants. Therefore, smog is a secondary pollutant A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE

The greenhouse effect is a man-made phenomenon. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE

High clouds do not trap the infrared radiation that enters into the Earth's atmosphere. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE High clouds trap the infrared radiation that enters into the Earth's atmosphere and thereby help in heating the Earth.

Aerosols (formed from sulfate particles) can cause the the planet to warm up. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE Human-induced factors such as biomass burning (forest and agricultural fires) and sulfate aerosols from burning coal contribute tiny particles that contribute to cooling

Once destroyed, stratospheric ozone cannot be re-formed. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE Ozone is constantly produced and destroyed in a natural cycle. However, the overall amount of ozone is essentially stable. This balance can be thought of as a stream's depth at a particular location

The atmospheric temperature and CO2 concentration did not change prior to the pre-industrial periods. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE The ice core samples indicated that the atmospheric concentration of CO2 and temperatures fluctuated in the past significantly.

Primary particles are formed in the atmosphere from primary gaseous emissions. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE The pollutants that are emitted directly from a combustion process - or the products of combustion - are called "primary pollutants"

Sulfates formed from SO2 emissions from power plants and industrial facilities are "Primary" particles A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE The pollutants that are emitted directly from a combustion process - or the products of combustion - are called "primary pollutants."

The primary source for nitrogen oxide emissions in the US is power plant A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE The primary sources of NOx are motor vehicles, electric utilities, and other industrial, commercial, and residential sources that burn fuels

Which one of the following is true about the ozone hole? A ) It has a constant area throughout the year. B ) It has a variable area throughout the year. C ) It grew significantly larger this year from last year. D ) It shrank significantly this year from last year.

B ) It has a variable area throughout the year. Ozone hole has a variable area throughout the year

Which area of the United States has the most acidic rain? A ) Southwest B ) Northeast C ) Midwest D ) Northwest

B ) Northeast Northeast parts of United States has the most acidic rain with pH as low as 4.2

The difference in average temperature between today and the last Ice Age (10,000 to 12,000 thousand years ago) is _____. A ) about 2 degrees F B ) about 9 degrees F C ) about 15 degrees F D ) about 10 degrees F

B ) about 9 degrees F The difference in average temperature between today and the last Ice Age (10,000 to 12,000 thousand years ago) is about 9 degrees F

Atmospheric concentrations of methane in the last 150 years have _____. A ) stayed the same B ) increased C ) decreased

B ) increased Atmospheric concentrations of methane have increased in the last 150 years

Which of these is not responsible for increasing atmospheric CO2? A ) respiration B ) photosynthesis C ) decomposition of biomass D ) deforestation

B ) photosynthesis Photosynthesis in plants require CO2. Photosynthesis reduces CO2 in the atmosphere.

How many tons of carbon (as carbon dioxide) are released into the air each year? A ) 1 thousand tons B ) 1 million tons C ) 7 billion tons D ) 7 trillion tons

C ) 7 billion tons 7 billion tons of carbon (as carbon dioxide) are released into the air each year

Carbon Dioxide emissions may be reduced by which one of the following strategies? A ) Purchasing SUV's B ) Increasing coal utilization over natural gas C ) Improving power plant efficiency D ) Increasing fossil fuel consumption

C ) Improving power plant efficiency Carbon Dioxide emissions may be reduced by improving power plant efficiency

Which of the following is not needed to produce ground level ozone? A ) NOx B ) Hydrocarbons C ) SO2 D ) Sunlight

C ) SO2 Ground level ozone is formed when VOCs and NOx react in presence of sunlight

Which of the following areas are more likely to experience acid rain damage? A ) areas with dense vegetation B ) areas with great soil buffering capacity C ) areas with sparse vegetation D ) areas with poor soil buffering capacity

D ) areas with poor soil buffering capacity The strength of the effects depend on many factors, including how acidic the water is, the chemistry and buffering capacity of the soils involved, and the types of fish, trees, and other living things that rely on the water

Which gases contribute to ozone formation at the ground level? A ) Carbon monoxide B ) Carbon dioxide C ) Particulate matter D ) Sulfur dioxide E ) Nitrogen Oxides

E ) Nitrogen Oxides Ozone is a secondary pollutant that forms from the primary pollutants such as Volatile Organic Compounds (Hydrocarbons) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the presence of sunlight

Carbon dioxide is the only product when burning coal. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE Carbon in the fuel combines with the oxygen in the air used for burning and forms carbon dioxide In case there is not enough oxygen for complete oxidation, carbon monoxide (CO) may form

Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons comprised of primarily hydrogen and nitrogen, and some sulfur, carbon, oxygen, and mineral matter. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons comprised of primarily carbon and hydrogen and some sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and mineral matter

Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons comprised of primarily sulfur and hydrogen and some carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and mineral matter. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons comprised of primarily carbon and hydrogen and some sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and mineral matter

If the air did not contain carbon dioxide, the planet would be hotter. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE If the air did not contain carbon dioxide, the planet would be colder

Without the greenhouse effect Earth would be a better place to live for humans. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE If there were no greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the radiation received during the day time would be escaping in the night and the Earth would be at an average temperature (including summer, winter, night and day, and all latitudes) of 0 F. At this temperature humans cannot survive.

Coal accounts for the highest amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the US. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE In 2000, 39.7 percent of U.S. fossil-fuel emissions come from the consumption of petroleum products and coal usage accounts for 37 percent of U.S. fossil-fuel CO2 emissions. About 21.1 percent of the CO2 emissions are as a result of natural gas use

Currently natural gas usage accounts for the highest amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the US. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE In 2000, 39.7 percent of U.S. fossil-fuel emissions come from the consumption of petroleum products and coal usage accounts for 37 percent of U.S. fossil-fuel CO2 emissions. About 21.1 percent of the CO2 emissions are as a result of natural gas use. Ref

Carbon when completely oxidized forms carbon monoxide. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE In case there is not enough oxygen for complete oxidation, carbon monoxide (CO) may form.

Approximately 90% of the NOx emissions from combustion devices are in the form of NO2. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE Most of the Nox emissions from combustion devices (approximately 90%) are in the form of NO

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a component of NOx. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE Nitrogen into nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Together they are called NOx.

Combustion processes cause depletion of the ozone layer. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE Ozone is a secondary pollutant that forms from the primary pollutants such as Volatile Organic Compounds (Hydrocarbons) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the presence of sunlight

Ground level ozone is produced directly by combustion. A ) TRUE B ) FALSE

B ) FALSE Ozone is a secondary pollutant that forms from the primary pollutants such as Volatile Organic Compounds (Hydrocarbons) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the presence of sunlight