Chapter 4: Federalism

Match each amendment to its effect Amendment: - 17th - 18th - 19th Effect: - Prohibition on the production and sale of alcohol - Women can vote in any election regardless of state laws - Senators elected by popular vote not state government

- 17th --> Senators elected by popular vote not state government - 18th --> Prohibition on the production and sale of alcohol - 19th --> Women can vote in any election regardless of state laws

Sort the characteristics of enumerated and implied powers. Term: - Enumerated powers - Implied powers Characteristics: - Powers not explicitly granted to Congress but rather can be inferred to exist by the letter and spirit of the text of the Constitution - Specific powers that are explicitly listed in the Constitution

- Enumerated powers --> Specific powers that are explicitly listed in the Constitution - Implied powers --> Powers not explicitly granted to Congress but rather can be inferred to exist by the letter and spirit of the text of the Constitution

Compare the legal authority given to federal and state governments by the Tenth Amendment - Federal - State - No inherent police power - Has inherent police power

- Federal --> No inherent police power - State --> Has inherent police power

Match each type of political organization to its description. Type of Political Organization: - Federalism - Confederacy - Unitary national government Description: - A supreme central government that either is the only government or does not share authority with lower governments; can alter laws and jurisdictions - States maintain as much autonomy and independence from the central government as possible; central government has authority over governments not individuals - Authority is partly divided and partly shared between a central government and member state governments central government cannot alter legal powers or jurisdictions

- Federalism --> Authority is partly divided and partly shared between a central government and member state governments central government cannot alter legal powers or jurisdictions - Confederacy --> States maintain as much autonomy and independence from the central government as possible; central government has authority over governments not individuals - Unitary national government --> A supreme central government that either is the only government or does not share authority with lower governments; can alter laws and jurisdictions

Sort the characteristics of federal systems and unitary national governments. Type of System: - Federalism - Unitary national Characteristics: - No member states or central government can alter legal powers and jurisdictions of member states at will - Authority partly divided and partly shared between central government and state governments

- Federalism --> Authority partly divided and partly shared between central government and state governments - Unitary national --> No member states or central government can alter legal powers and jurisdictions of member states at will

Match the political alignment to its perspective of FDR's New Deal. political alignment: - Liberal - Conservative - Libertarian Perspective: - Partly beneficial and necessary at time but lamentable that it paved way to expansive welfare state -Wise and proper maybe should've gone farther

- Liberal --> Wise and proper maybe should've gone farther - Conservative --> Partly beneficial and necessary at time but lamentable that it paved way to expansive welfare state - Libertarian --> Unnecessary; ineffective; improper; harmful

Match each amendment with the civil liberty guaranteed through reducing the power of individual states. Amendment: - Thirteenth - Fourteenth - Fifteenth - Nineteenth - Twenty Sixth Civil Liberty: - Right to vote for all men including former slaves; statescannot create discriminatory voting restrictions based on race - Due process; equal protection of the law and privileges orimmunities; states cannot deprive citizens of fundamental rights - Right to vote for all women; states cannot create discriminatory voting restrictions based on gender - Freedom from slavery; states cannot legalize slavery

- Thirteenth --> Freedom from slavery; states cannot legalize slavery - Fourteenth --> Due process; equal protection of the law and privileges orimmunities; states cannot deprive citizens of fundamental rights - Fifteenth --> Right to vote for all men including former slaves; statescannot create discriminatory voting restrictions based on race - Nineteenth --> Right to vote for all women; states cannot create discriminatory voting restrictions based on gender - Twenty Sixth --> Right to vote for everyone over 18 states cannot creatediscriminatory voting restrictions based on age

Sort the characteristics of united vs. disunited governments, according to a pro-unionist perspective. Type of government: - United - Disunited Characteristics: - Difficult to forge fair and mutually beneficial policies - Governments relate to each other diplomatically or militarily

- United --> Governments relate to each other diplomatically or militarily - Disunited --> Difficult to forge fair and mutually beneficial policies

Which of the following reflects Joel's reasoning about the .org URL in the first screencast? (Select all that are correct.) a. A .org URL is a poor indicator of whether a website is trustworthy b. A .org URL is a strong indicator that the website publishes trustworthy information c. A .org URL indicates that the organization is a nonprofit that serves the public good d. A .org website is usually more trustworthy than a .com website https://youtu.be/yE7I0mzvzOk

Correct Answer: a. A .org URL is a poor indicator of whether a website is trustworthy Explanation A is Correct: Anyone can register a .org domain regardless of qualifications or character, so a .org URL is not a sign that a website is trustworthy. A .org URL does not mean that an organization is a nonprofit. It's also not safe to assume that a .org website is more reliable than a .com site since anyone can register a .org website. Furthermore, a .com URL doesn't indicate that a website is untrustworthy; many of the world's most trusted news outlets, including the Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, have .com URLs.

How can a strong national government affect races to the bottom? a. Upholds higher standards than states facing intrastate competition are able to b. Maintains a database of state regulations to ease business relocations c. Organizes and structures interstate commercial bids for corporations d. Protects and enforces regulations against corporations by using the threat of exit

Correct Answer: a. Upholds higher standards than states facing intrastate competition are able to

Which of the below describes a limit on states' police power? a. Cannot make laws that endanger public health or safety b. Cannot violate constitutionally protected civil liberties or rights c. Cannot make laws based on vague concepts like morality d. Public health regulations must meet or exceed federal guidelines e. Must coordinate legislation with neighboring states

Correct Answer: b. Cannot violate constitutionally protected civil liberties or rights

Which clause of the U.S. Constitution authorized Congress to create the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)? a. Necessary and Proper Clause b. Commerce Clause c. Supremacy Clause d. Establishment Clause e. Due Process Clause

Correct Answer: b. Commerce Clause

Federalism is a mixture of which two extreme forms of political organization? a. Constitutional monarchy & Confederacy b. Confederacy & Unitary national government c. Parliamentary republic & Constitutional monarchy d. Oligarchy & Unitary national government

Correct Answer: b. Confederacy & Unitary national government

What are unfunded mandates? a. Pending reform measures that consolidate categorical grants into block grants to reduce federal spending b. Federal regulatory or spending requirements placed on states that states must pay for with their own funds c. Grants-in-aid that provide relatively strict and specific guidelines on how state or local governments can spend them d. Grants-in-aid that specify a general purpose but allow state and local governments freedom in how to spend them

Correct Answer: b. Federal regulatory or spending requirements placed on states that states must pay for with their own funds

How did Google's "knowledge panel" factor into Joel's investigation into the Heartland Institute? a. He ignored the knowledge panel because it frequently includes misinformation b. He read the knowledge panel and then clicked the link in the panel to Wikipedia to investigate further c. He trusted the knowledge panel and ended his investigation there d. He rejected the knowledge panel because it was pulling information from an unreliable source

Correct Answer: b. He read the knowledge panel and then clicked the link in the panel to Wikipedia to investigate further Explanation B is Correct: He used the knowledge panel as an initial contact point and considered the source of the information. He then clicked the link in the panel to investigate further using Wikipedia, particularly the sources cited in the Wikipedia article.

What did Joel conclude about whether the Heartland Institute is a trustworthy source of information about West Virginia v. EPA? a. Heartland has decades of experience writing about issues related to environmental policy, so this would be good source to consult b. Heartland is a partisan organization that has rejected the scientific consensus on climate change, so it would be best to consult other sources c. Heartland's "About" page says it is "one of the world's leading free-market think tanks," so it is likely a trustworthy source d. Heartland is a conservative organization, so it is too biased to be trusted on this issue

Correct Answer: b. Heartland is a partisan organization that has rejected the scientific consensus on climate change, so it would be best to consult other sources Explanation B is Correct. Lateral reading revealed that the Heartland Institute is a politically partisan advocacy organization that has worked to cast doubt on the expert consensus about the issues discussed in the article. A is Incorrect. Although the Heartland Institute has extensive experience in writing about environmental issues, lateral reading revealed that they are a politically partisan advocacy organization that has worked to cast doubt on the expert consensus about the issues discussed in the article. He decided it would be best to consult other sources.C is Incorrect. Joel didn't trust the information on the site's "About" page because Heartland controls what's written there. Rather, he read laterally and discovered that the Heartland Institute is a politically partisan advocacy organization that has worked to cast doubt on the expert consensus about issues discussed in the article. He decided it would be best to consult other sources.D is Incorrect. Joel considered the organization's political perspective, but he didn't reject the site solely because of it. An organization doesn't need to be totally neutral on an issue to trust the information it provides. Rather, it's important to keep their political perspective in mind as you interpret what they choose to report and how they choose to report it. However, reading laterally about the Heartland Institute revealed that it is a partisan advocacy organization that has worked to cast doubt on the scientific consensus on issues discussed in the article. As a result, Joel decided it would be best to consult other sources.

What does welfare state mean? a. A state government that relies on federal grants-in-aid to promote and provide for the health, safety, welfare, and morals of its people b. Set of federal government programs that promote economic security, health, and well-being of citizens, especially those in financial or social need c. A state government enjoying the benefits of a public good without bearing part of the burden of providing it d. A country in which the federal government forces states to implement policies instead of working alongside them as a co-equal partner

Correct Answer: b. Set of federal government programs that promote economic security, health, and well-being of citizens, especially those in financial or social need

Which of the following was an impact of categorical grants? a. Economic competition between states led to socially suboptimal regulations b. States now allowed federal government to define and oversee public policy c. Widespread democratic political reform and social activism d. Federal government assumed constitutional police power from states e. States conducted policy experiments to better approach public policy

Correct Answer: b. States now allowed federal government to define and oversee public policy

What does the term laboratories of democracy refer to? a. After the Cold War, small former-Soviet nations started accepting and interpreting democratic norms b. The ability of states to conduct their own policy experiments to learn what works best and what does not work c. The central mission of the United Nations, which supports and promotes democracies around the world d. The coordinated federal response to violations of the U.S. Constitution and threats to American democracy e. The federally-funded research and development organizations and efforts to expand democracy around the world

Correct Answer: b. The ability of states to conduct their own policy experiments to learn what works best and what does not work

The __ political mood of the country in the 1980s and 1990s found expression in the federalism decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court. a. liberal b. conservative c. nationalist d. religious

Correct Answer: b. conservative

What is the police power? a. The authority to form law enforcement organizations on the state or local level without federal oversight b. The liberty to form well-regulated militias for the protection of local and state interests against federal intrusion c. A government has authority to make laws and regulations to promote the health, safety, welfare, and morals of the people d. The federal government's authority to make laws regulating state governments as well as individuals e. A provision in the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress authority to enforce the rights guaranteed by amendments

Correct Answer: c. A government has authority to make laws and regulations to promote the health, safety, welfare, and morals of the people

What is the role of income tax revenue for the federal government? a. A minor source of income since wages have stagnated or stayed specifically lower than inflation rates b. An unconstitutional remnant of FDR's New Deal that diverts revenue from state and local governments c. A major source of revenue to support higher spending than state and local governments d. An unreliable source of revenue as state portions change based on population on employment register

Correct Answer: c. A major source of revenue to support higher spending than state and local governments

What is the power of judicial review? a. Responsibility of courts to review proposed legislation for constitutionality b. Role of courts in ensuring civil rights and liberties are protected from infringement from businesses c. Authority of courts to decide whether acts of government are constitutional or unconstitutional d. Local and state courts have the final authority on whether laws are constitutional e. Authority of executive branch to investigate and remove Supreme Court justices

Correct Answer: c. Authority of courts to decide whether acts of government are constitutional or unconstitutional

What is "principled federalism"? a. Preference for very strong state governments and very weak central government b. A preference for strong states' rights that is rooted in conservative political ideology c. Consistent commitment to particular federalist structure even if one dislikes the policy outcomes d. Adherence to the federalist ideas of the the Founding Fathers outlined in the original U.S. Constitution

Correct Answer: c. Consistent commitment to particular federalist structure even if one dislikes the policy outcomes

What defines coercive federalism? a. Federal and state governments cooperate, and their roles and functions are intermingled b. A clear and distinct division of authority and responsibility exists between the federal and state governments c. Federal government dictates policy to the states instead of working as a co-equal partner alongside them d. A process by which the federal government returns functions and powers to state and local governments e. A preference for a particular allocation of authority between the national and state governments that one consistently adheres to

Correct Answer: c. Federal government dictates policy to the states instead of working as a co-equal partner alongside them

What was the impact of the Cold War on federal spending and public opinion? a. Decreased public support of military spending as a result of the Vietnam War b. Decreased public support for spending on space research and exploration c. Increased public support for spending on the military and related industries d. Public inquiries and investigations into spending on nuclear weapons e. Increased oversight by states on federal budgets and assets

Correct Answer: c. Increased public support for spending on the military and related industries

What are grants-in-aid? a. Federal incentives that motivate states' behavior by instilling the hope of enjoying a benefit if a particular action is taken (or not taken) b. Federal government programs that provide regular income to, among others, the disabled and those who have reached retirement age c. Money or land provided by the federal government to state and local governments for purposes defined by the federal government d. Federal regulatory or spending requirements intended to protect individual

Correct Answer: c. Money or land provided by the federal government to state and local governments for purposes defined by the federal government

What was the impact of the reform movements of the Progressive Era? a. Significant federal protections and empowerment of the civil rights and liberties of African Americans b. Ratification of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments c. New demands on federal government to play a greater role in regulating economy and society d. Devolution of the federal government, returning functions and powers to state and local governments e. Conversion of grants-in-aid from categorical to block grants

Correct Answer: c. New demands on federal government to play a greater role in regulating economy and society

What were FDR's New Deal programs? a. Grants of money or land provided to state and local governments to provide support in recovering from the Great Depression b. An ambitious public policy agenda that sought to wage a war on poverty, promote racial equality, and protect the arts and environment c. Over 25 major acts for economic relief, recovery, and reform to prevent another economic depression from occurring. d. A series of state-based policy experiments toward discovery of better approaches to public policy

Correct Answer: c. Over 25 major acts for economic relief, recovery, and reform to prevent another economic depression from occurring.

Why didn't Joel rely on the information on the Heartland Institute's "About" page? a. The Heartland Institute's "About" page didn't provide enough information b. The Heartland Institute didn't have an "About" page c. The Heartland Institute controls its own "About" page d. The Heartland Institute did not disclose who wrote the "About" page

Correct Answer: c. The Heartland Institute controls its own "About" page Explanation C is Correct: An organization controls the information on its own "About" page and it has an incentive to portray itself in a favorable light. It's important to search for information from independent sources instead of relying on information from the "About" page. A is Incorrect: The amount of information on an organization's "About" page isn't a good indicator of its trustworthiness. B is Incorrect: The Heartland Institute does have an "About" page that says the organization is "one of the world's leading free-market think tanks." However, Joel didn't rely on it because the Heartland Institute controls the information on its own "About" page and it has an incentive to portray itself in a favorable light. D is Incorrect: The Heartland Institute controls its own "About" page, so it's safe to assume that the organization authored the page.

What is the presumption of constitutionality? a. All federal and state laws are considered constitutional from the day of passage, and can only be challenged in the federal court system b. An analytical process by which proposed constitutional amendments are reviewed by the Supreme Court prior to their passage c. The Supreme Court accepts the federal or state governments' assessment of "substantial effects" and presumes related laws are constitutional d. The authority of state governments to make laws and regulations in order to promote the health, safety, welfare, and morals of the people

Correct Answer: c. The Supreme Court accepts the federal or state governments' assessment of "substantial effects" and presumes related laws are constitutional

What does the Supremacy Clause establish? a. All state laws are supreme over federal b. Congress has authority to enforce their enumerated powers c. The U.S. Constitution and all federal laws are supreme over state and local d. Individual civil rights and liberties cannot be violated by state or local governments e. Congress has power to regulate interstate commerce

Correct Answer: c. The U.S. Constitution and all federal laws are supreme over state and local

What is a progressive income tax? a. A flat income tax rate that stimulates economic growth and job creation b. Income taxes are applied to top earners first, then decreased as tax revenue meets budget c. Those who make higher incomes pay higher taxes than those who make lower incomes d. Those who work in essential industries pay lower income taxes e. Income taxes are calculated state by state, based on average income

Correct Answer: c. Those who make higher incomes pay higher taxes than those who make lower incomes

What was the impact of World War II on federal spending? a. Rapid increase in federal spending during war, followed by permanent return to pre-war spending levels immediately after b. Significant drop in domestic spending to focus on costs of war c. Led to the Sixteenth Amendment to increase revenue to match spending d. "Point of no return" for more federal spending than state and local combined e. Federal spending doubled annually for the entire decade of the 1940s

Correct Answer: d. "Point of no return" for more federal spending than state and local combined

What is a categorical grant? a. A state-sponsored grant for improvement of local and municipality facilities b. A grant-in-aid that specifies a general purpose but not how to accomplish it c. A zero-interest loan that can be repaid from state tax revenue d. A grant-in-aid with strict and specific guidelines for spending. e. A type of public good that certain groups can be excluded from enjoying

Correct Answer: d. A grant-in-aid with strict and specific guidelines for spending.

What is the impact of the amendment-enforcing provisions? a. Funding must be provided by Congress to support requirements placed on states b. Law enforcement authority is granted to the federal government to ensure civil rights and liberties are protected c. States can demand ratification of any federal constitutional amendment drafted by Congress d. Congress has the ability to enact laws that are "appropriate" for enforcing amendments

Correct Answer: d. Congress has the ability to enact laws that are "appropriate" for enforcing amendments

What is the role of the Necessary and Proper Clause? a. Grants Congress the authority to regulate interstate commerce by enacting laws that are necessary and proper for promoting prosperity b. Grants Congress the authority to enact 'appropriate' laws that are necessary and proper for enforcing amendments to the Constitution c. Guarantees citizens the right to a fair and legal judicial process when doing so is necessary and proper for establishing justice d. Gives Congress the implied power to make laws that are necessary and proper for executing its enumerated powers

Correct Answer: d. Gives Congress the implied power to make laws that are necessary and proper for executing its enumerated powers

What was the U.S. Supreme Court's role during the Progressive Era? a. Supporting the reform efforts to provide more protection to civil rights and liberties b. Reviewing proposed amendments to the U.S. Constitution for approval prior to ratification c. Defending the efforts of the federal administration to protect the status quo d. Preserving the traditional division of authority between state and federal governments e. Arbitrating disputes between the states with regards to laws and regulations on commerce

Correct Answer: d. Preserving the traditional division of authority between state and federal governments

What is devolution? a. A situation where free riding threatens to prevent a group from providing a public good b. Area of public policy over which both state governments and the national government have authority c. Principle of American federalism that holds municipal governments are legally subordinate to the will of state legislatures d. Process of the federal government returning functions and powers to state and local governments e. Authority of government to make laws and regulations in order to promote the health, safety, welfare, and morals of the people

Correct Answer: d. Process of the federal government returning functions and powers to state and local governments

What was the impact of Dillon's Rule? a. State governments are legally constituted like confederacies. b. State governments split authority with the federal government in a federalist system. c. Local/municipal governments can determine their own geographic boundaries. d. State governments are legally constituted like unitary national governments in relation to municipal authorities, and have complete authority over them. e. State governments split authority with local/municipal governments in a federalist system.

Correct Answer: d. State governments are legally constituted like unitary national governments in relation to municipal authorities, and have complete authority over them.

Although principled federalism may have never been prevalent historically, today it is clearly __. a. strongly evident b. more complex c. less complicated d. not applicable

Correct Answer: d. not applicable

What was the impact of the Interstate Commerce Act? a. Expanded the power of the executive branch to levy taxes on manufacturing b. Restricted the federal government's authority over state geographic borders c. Set national standards for construction of infrastructure between states d. Mandated the return of economic powers and functions to the states e. Created the federal government's first independent regulatory agency

Correct Answer: e. Created the federal government's first independent regulatory agency

What are block grants? a. Highly targeted federal grants intended for neighborhood improvement b. Grants-in-aid that provide relatively specific guidelines for spending c. Grants provided by states to local/municipal governments d. Grants-in-aid that require repayment in order to receive future grants e. Grants-in-aid that provides significant freedom on how to spend money.

Correct Answer: e. Grants-in-aid that provides significant freedom on how to spend money.

Why did the 1937 U.S. Supreme Court introduce a new interpretation of the federal government's constitutional authority? a. New land acquisitions to create states b. Reaction to suggestions of secession by states c. Preparation for potential war in Europe d. Economic suffering due to the Great Depression e. President Roosevelt's "court-packing plan"

Correct Answer: e. President Roosevelt's "court-packing plan"

What does the term foot voting refer to? a. Availability of voting sites and precincts in a given area b. Congressional votes that cannot be decided by using proxies c. Voters going to physical polling locations on election day d. Part of a political campaign where the candidate goes door-to-door e. Right to move to another state if person disagrees with state policies

Correct Answer: e. Right to move to another state if person disagrees with state policies

Large business corporations routinely use the possibility of relocating to different states to try to lead state and local governments to enact laws and policies the businesses want, such as special tax breaks and favorable regulations. What is this called? a. Policy divestment b. Corporate ransom-seeking c. Boycotting d. Regulatory capture e. Threat of exit

Correct Answer: e. Threat of exit

Fill in the Blanks Type your answers in all of the blanks and submit In the U.S., the areas of exclusive state government authority are referred to as the states' - blank - powers.

Correct Answer: In the U.S., the areas of exclusive state government authority are referred to as the states' reserved reserve

What current political organizations most resemble confederacies? (select all answer choices that apply) a. European Union b. Government of Switzerland c. United Nations d. World Health Organization e. United States of America

Correct Answers: a. European Union c. United Nations

Before the Civil War, what were the tasks of the federal government? (select all answer choices that apply) a. Keeping the peace between states over slavery b. Crafting public health policies c. Handling foreign policy d. Selecting senators for Congress e. Assisting with limited infrastructure projects f. Setting national standards for economic protection

Correct Answers: a. Keeping the peace between states over slavery c. Handling foreign policy e. Assisting with limited infrastructure projects

What important changes were made to the U.S. Constitution by the Reconstruction Amendments? (select all answer choices that apply) a. National rule against slavery b. States are legally structured like unitary national governments c. Senators no longer selected by state governments d. Racial equality cannot be undermined by states e. States allowed to tax imports and exports f. Amendment-enforcing provisions for each g. States cannot infringe on rights/liberties inherent in citizenship

Correct Answers: a. National rule against slavery d. Racial equality cannot be undermined by states f. Amendment-enforcing provisions for each g. States cannot infringe on rights/liberties inherent in citizenship

Changes to which things have resulted in more power to the federal government? (select answer choices that apply) a. Number and power of federal bureaucratic agencies b. The rise of libertarian conservatism c. The federal government's constitutional authority d. What the people want the federal government to do e. The power of the purse f. Number of states and citizens

Correct Answers: a. Number and power of federal bureaucratic agencies c. The federal government's constitutional authority d. What the people want the federal government to do e. The power of the purse

Which of the following indicators suggest that the "conservative backlash" did not succeed in significantly rolling back the size and influence of the federal government? (select all answers choices that apply) a. Number of nonmilitary personnel b. Amount of regulatory activity by federal agencies c. Number of cases brought before Supreme Court d. Number of registered Republican voters e. Amount of money spent on grants-in-aid

Correct Answers: a. Number of nonmilitary personnel b. Amount of regulatory activity by federal agencies e. Amount of money spent on grants-in-aid

What are some key arguments for greater national government authority, and less state government authority? (select all answer choices that apply) a. Preserving the Union b. Protecting liberty c. Reducing compliance costs through standardization and uniformity of rules d. Protecting minority rights e. Representing the diversity of local community values and interests f. Providing national public goods and reducing negative externalities g. Preventing races to the bottom h. Learning from policy experimentation ("laboratories of democracy")

Correct Answers: a. Preserving the Union c. Reducing compliance costs through standardization and uniformity of rules d. Protecting minority rights f. Providing national public goods and reducing negative externalities g. Preventing races to the bottom

What are key arguments for greater state government authority, and less national government authority? (select all answer choices that apply) a. Protecting liberty b. Preserving the Union c. Representing the diversity of local community values and interests d. Fostering democratic citizenship e. Reducing compliance costs through standardization and uniformity of rules f. Providing national public goods and reducing negative externalities g. Benefiting from "foot voting"

Correct Answers: a. Protecting liberty c. Representing the diversity of local community values and interests d. Fostering democratic citizenship g. Benefiting from "foot voting"

Summarize how strong national government can affect the provision of public goods and services (select all answer choices that apply) a. Reduces negative externalities like pollution or infectious diseases across state lines b. Identifies and provides nationwide goods without the temptation to free ride c. Leads to collective action problems due to difficulty coordinating states' needs d. Prevents states from reacting swiftly to changing needs for local services e. Increases economic disparity between states with large v. small populations

Correct Answers: a. Reduces negative externalities like pollution or infectious diseases across state lines b. Identifies and provides nationwide goods without the temptation to free ride

Where can the constitutional rules that define U.S. federalism be found? (select ALL that apply) a. U.S. Supreme Court decisions b. State constitutions c. U.S. Constitution d. Declaration of Independence e. Federal Register

Correct Answers: a. U.S. Supreme Court decisions c. U.S. Constitution

Which of the following most contributed to the federal government's growth between 1940 and 1968? (elect all answer choices that apply) a. World War 2 b. Cold War c. Great Depression d. LBJ's Great Society program e. Vietnam War f. Conservative backlash

Correct Answers: a. World War 2 b. Cold War d. LBJ's Great Society program

Is this website a trustworthy source of information about whether the EPA can regulate emissions from power plants? a. Yes b. No https://youtu.be/BVXKLkWCPuI https://www.heartland.org/news-opinion/news/press-release-heartland-institute-praises-supreme-court-decision-reining-in-epa-power-to-regulate-carbon-dioxide-emissions

Correct Answers: a. Yes b. No

What are some characteristics of confederacies? (select all answer choices that apply) a. Central government can change geographic boundaries of member states b. Central government claims authority over governments c. Supreme central government with power over individuals d. Designed to maintain maximum independence of member states

Correct Answers: b. Central government claims authority over governments d. Designed to maintain maximum independence of member states

What were two of the most important measures in Reagan's strategy to reduce the size of the federal government and its influence? (select all answer choices that apply) a. Restoring states' right to determine own geographic boundaries b. Converting categorical grants to block grants and ending general revenue sharing program c. Deregulating interstate commerce and movement d. Starving the beast by reducing taxes e. Increasing low-interest loans for state treasuries

Correct Answers: b. Converting categorical grants to block grants and ending general revenue sharing program d. Starving the beast by reducing taxes

What major change(s) did the 1937 Supreme Court make to American constitutional law? (Select ALL that apply.) a. Limited federal authority over states to economic regulation b. Expanded federal regulatory authority under the Commerce Clause. c. Allowed the federal government to increase the number of sitting justices d. Granted police power to the federal government e. Provided the constitutional basis for the modern "welfare state"

Correct Answers: b. Expanded federal regulatory authority under the Commerce Clause. e. Provided the constitutional basis for the modern "welfare state"

What was the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in U.S. v. Lopez? (select all answers choices that apply) a. Improved access to quality education; medical care; and transportation b. First limits to Congressional power under Commerce Clause since 1936 c. Substantial effects doctrine only applies to economic activities d. Federal government can force states to implement policies e. Congress may not regulate non-economic activities under the Commerce Clause f. Replaced grants-in-aid with categorical and block grants

Correct Answers: b. First limits to Congressional power under Commerce Clause since 1936 c. Substantial effects doctrine only applies to economic activities e. Congress may not regulate non-economic activities under the Commerce Clause

What are the two ways the U.S. Constitution delegates powers to the federal government? (select all answer choices that apply) a. Consolidated powers b. Implied powers c. Investiture powers d. Enumerated powers e. Aggrandized powers

Correct Answers: b. Implied powers d. Enumerated powers

What were the key causes of the conservative backlash against the development of federalism from the New Deal through the 1960s? (select all answer choices that apply) a. Abortion rights granted via Roe v. Wade (1973) b. Perception of categorical grants as coercive federalism c. Decrease in funding for religious education d. Unfunded mandates e. White Southern conservatives' opposition to civil rights

Correct Answers: b. Perception of categorical grants as coercive federalism d. Unfunded mandates e. White Southern conservatives' opposition to civil rights

What are some characteristics of the original federal system set up in the U.S. Constitution? a. Representatives and senators chosen via popular election and they choose president b. Representatives and President held accountable to the people c. Senators appointed by state legislatures to 6-year terms with no recall d. Representatives were appointed to directly represent state legislative interests e. Senators and representatives could be recalled by state legislature at any time

Correct Answers: b. Representatives and President held accountable to the people c. Senators appointed by state legislatures to 6-year terms with no recall

What was the impact of the 1929 stock market crash? (select all answers that apply) a. Dramatically restricted the authority of the federal government in economic affairs b. Started a chain reaction that led to the Great Depression c. Led to a revolutionary expansion of federal government's role in economy and society d. Led to the creation of the first independent federal regulatory agency e. Created support for the Sixteenth Amendment's progressive income tax

Correct Answers: b. Started a chain reaction that led to the Great Depression c. Led to a revolutionary expansion of federal government's role in economy and society

What are the two federalism principles contained in the Tenth Amendment? (select all answer choices that apply) a. Decisions should be made at the most local level possible b. Unless the U.S. Constitution (or a state's constitution) prohibits a state from exercising a particular power then the state is presumed to have that power c. Federal government has ultimate authority over states and individuals d. The authority of the federal government is limited to only those legal powers that are delegated to it by the U.S. Constitution e. States can enact laws to promote the health and safety at the cost of civil rights and liberties

Correct Answers: b. Unless the U.S. Constitution (or a state's constitution) prohibits a state from exercising a particular power then the state is presumed to have that power d. The authority of the federal government is limited to only those legal powers that are delegated to it by the U.S. Constitution

Which of the below federal constitutional amendments are a direct result of the Civil War? (select all answer choices that apply) a. 10th b. 12th c. 13th d. 14th e. 17th

Correct Answers: c. 13th d. 14th

In the ORIGINAL text of the U.S. Constitution, what are some explicit limits placed on state authority? (select all answers choices that apply) a. Must protect federal civil rights and liberties b. Cannot determine city boundaries c. Cannot coin money d. Cannot enter into treaties with foreign countries e. No direct representation of state legislature f. Cannot engage in war with other countries

Correct Answers: c. Cannot coin money d. Cannot enter into treaties with foreign countries f. Cannot engage in war with other countries

Which of the following were results of Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society Program? (select all answer choices that apply) a. Decline in states' police power as federal government took over b. Increased emphasis on weapons research and production. c. Increased federal protection of civil rights from state abuse d. Rise of categorical grants and cooperative federalism e. Creation of block grants and beginning of devolution f. Creation of and spending on Medicare and Medicaid.

Correct Answers: c. Increased federal protection of civil rights from state abuse d. Rise of categorical grants and cooperative federalism f. Creation of and spending on Medicare and Medicaid.

How can a fully-centralized national government threaten liberty? (select all answer choices that apply) a. Tends to promote and protect the majority over the minority b. The freedom to move around the country becomes impossible c. Must have and use capacity to enforce all laws; federal; state; and local d. Removes states' check on federal actions and powers

Correct Answers: c. Must have and use capacity to enforce all laws; federal; state; and local d. Removes states' check on federal actions and powers

Please explain your reasoning and provide the links to any sources you used to make your decision.

I typed - Yes. I think this website is trustworthy because it's update to date and the website ends with .org, so its other good reason. https://whistleblower.org/politicization-of-climate-science/global-warming-denial-machine/heartland-institute-nipcc-fail-the-credibility-test/

Fill in the Blanks The federal government has used its power of the - blank1 - to encourage state governments to implement national programs.

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