chapter 4 psych 100

Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas is known as:

assimilation

According to the Gestalt psychologists, people tend to fill in the gaps to create a complete, whole object. This is called the principle of:

closure

Experiencing sudden pain is to _____ as recognizing that one is suffering a heart attack is to _____.

sensation; perception

_____ occurs when light energy or sound energy is converted into neural impulses.

Transduction

Three major issues for Developmental Psychology

1) Nature vs. Nurture 2) Continuity vs. Stages 3) Stability vs. Change

The median age at which young children begin walking in the United States is _____ months.

12

The average age of earliest conscious memory is _______ years.

4

Developmental Psychology

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan

Yun Hee is concerned about her daughter, who will be a year-old next week. The baby is not walking yet, and Yun Hee's family is starting to comment on it. Should she be worried?

No, she should not worry. Only 50 percent of all babies in the United States are walking within a week after their first birthday.

Regarding sensation and perception, which statement is true?

Sensation involves the activation of sense receptors; perception involves interpretation.

_____ is when a person is displaying both traditional masculine and feminine psychological characteristics.

androgyny

Chris is 20 years old and still very much dependent on his parents. They are paying for his college tuition as well as his living expenses, and he spends school holidays at home with them. He is in the phase of life known as:

emerging adulthood

Women's sexual orientation can be described as more _____ than men's.

fluid

Melissa has always taken responsibility for preparing family meals because she had learned that this was expected of women. Her behavior illustrates her application of

gender roles

The average girl enters puberty __________ sooner than the average boy.

one year

An inability to recognize faces is called:

prosopagnosia.

In studies that followed hundreds of 5- to 18-year-old girls from New Zealand and the United States, _______________ was linked to sexual activity before age 16.

a fathers absense

Sensory adaptation can be defined as:

diminished sensitivity as a result of repeated stimulation.

A researcher subliminally flashes words that have either emotionally positive content (e.g., puppies, people embracing) or negative content (e.g., murder, accidents) immediately before showing them a picture of a house. Then, when asked to rate the house in terms of attractiveness, the participants:

give the houses that follow positive content images higher ratings.

Dr. Juan is conducting a study of military veterans from the Vietnam and Gulf wars, in which he plans to evaluate them every year for 10 years to find out if those with PTSD have a more pronounced decline in mental abilities and overall memory over the 10 years. This is a(n) _____________ study.

longitudinal

Studies in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period of time are called:

longitudinal studies

Gays and lesbians have been found to score midway between straight males and straight females on:

mentaal rotation tasks

In adolescence the growth of _____, the fatty tissue that forms around axons and speeds neurotransmission, enables better communication with other brain regions.

myelin

____ is the time when we mature sexually.

puberty

Evidence that brain anatomy differences help explain variations in sexual orientation is provided by the fact that these brain differences:

riginate at about the time of or even before birth

which is the most stable over time? agreeableness level of responsibility social attitudes temperament

temperament

More than in other mammals, in humans the female sex drive is facilitated by elevated ________ levels.

testosterone

The term menarche refers to the

the first menstrual period

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement is known as:

the social clock

Research shows that infants only a few weeks old prefer:

their moms voice over other womens

If people stare at an object, why does it not seem to disappear?

their nerve cells are constantly firing.

_____ refers to people's ideas about their own and others' mental states; that is, how feelings, perceptions, or thoughts might predict behavior.

theory of mind