Chapter 4 Questions

We can conclude from the examples of popular music, fashionable clothing, and electronic applications around us that the rapid diffusion of popular culture a) depends on modern communication systems. b) discourages people in different places to adopt different customs. c) conserves natural resources. d) always occurs at the expense of folk culture. e) occurs through relocation diffusion.

a) depends on modern communication systems.

Diffusion of popular customs can adversely impact environmental quality in two ways by a) depletion of scarce resources and pollution. b) reducing demand for foreign products and promoting local crafts. c) increased diversity and decreased demand. d) diversity of products and changes in leisure activities. e) using renewable materials and recycled designs.

a) depletion of scarce resources and pollution.

Material culture includes which three essential items? a) food, shelter, clothing b) food, education, car c) food, shelter, car d) shelter, car, education e) clothing, education, cellphone

a) food, shelter, clothing

Distinctive forms of football (from association football or soccer) developed in the United States, Canada and Australia as a result of a) the lack of interaction among sporting nations during the nineteenth century. b) lack of television coverage. c) political influence. d) the inability to speak a language other than English. e) the desire to include a hands-on passing element to the game.

a) the lack of interaction among sporting nations during the nineteenth century.

Which of the following characteristics is more typical of popular culture than folk culture? a) It is likely to be derived from physical conditions. b) It results in a more uniform cultural landscape. c) Communication is limited by the physical landscape. d) It has an anonymous origin. e) It diffuses slowly from its point of origin.

b) It results in a more uniform cultural landscape.

Coca Cola may be preferred over Pepsi in a certain geographic region because a) only Coca Cola builds sports stadiums which increases its visibility. b) Pepsi may be associated with an unpopular political era. c) ethnic identity may be threatened by choice of soft drinks. d) Pepsi has not allowed workers at their factories to strike for higher wages. e) Coca Cola tastes better to people of various folk cultures.

b) Pepsi may be associated with an unpopular political era.

An example of a folk custom used to diffuse information about agriculture is a) Armed Forces Radio. b) Vietnamese songs. c) Himalayan hip hop. d) Association Football. e) a cartoon about talking animals in Madagascar.

b) Vietnamese songs.

We can deduce from the examples of popular music, fashionable clothing, and electronic applications around us that the rapid diffusion of popular culture a) discourages people in different places to adopt different customs. b) depends on modern communication systems. c) conserves natural resources. d) always occurs at the expense of folk culture. e) is an example of relocation diffusion.

b) depends on modern communication systems.

Typically, popular culture a) originates in a number of locations at the same time. b) experiences frequent changes through time and space. c) reflects the characteristics of a distinctive physical environment. d) seldom diffuses far from its hearth. e) is practiced by small homogeneous groups.

b) experiences frequent changes through time and space.

Baseball's expansion from the Western hemisphere to Asia is the result of a) syncretism. b) relocation diffusion. c) contagious diffusion. d) hierarchical diffusion. e) brain drain.

b) relocation diffusion.

A good example of cultural homogenization would be a) skiing in Switzerland. b) the dominance on the landscape of fast-food restaurants and retail stores promoting consumerism. c) golf courses in Scotland. d) the rapid diffusion of cellphones in the United States. e) deforestation to fill demand for agriculture and consumer goods.

b) the dominance on the landscape of fast-food restaurants and retail stores promoting consumerism.

Social media can pose a threat to social cohesion and respectful political dialogue because a) no one watches television news anymore. b) the spread of alternative facts and fake news makes it more difficult to trust information viewed online. c) only people with access to smartphones can participate. d) press coverage of elected officials is usually fake news. e) users can only trust posts and news sent from their friends.

b) the spread of alternative facts and fake news makes it more difficult to trust information viewed online.

Which statement most accurately describes the difference between the distribution and diffusion of television and the Internet? a) Because of its reliable electric grid, the United States will continue to lead the world in the global percentage of both Internet and television users. b) With almost one television set per household, the United States has the highest percentage share of televisions in the world. c) The diffusion of the Internet in the United States continued at a more rapid pace than the diffusion of television in the previous generation. d) Television diffused most rapidly in the United States, and later to Europe and developing countries. e) From 1995 onward, the United States has had the largest percentage of Internet users on a global scale.

c) The diffusion of the Internet in the United States continued at a more rapid pace than the diffusion of television in the previous generation.

Which of the following reasons describes the motivation to launch a cyberattack? a) To spread fake news and alt facts b) To test the readiness of encryption security c) To make money, influence decision-making, or alter the outcome of elections d) To increase one's notoriety and celebrity status online e) To sell online apps and games to an international audience

c) To make money, influence decision-making, or alter the outcome of elections

Cell phone diffusion is linked to which of the following cultural changes? a) rapid diffusion and adoption of folk culture b) decline in electronic media c) diffusion of popular leisure activities d) cyber espionage and social media e) access to electricity

c) diffusion of popular leisure activities

As components of group identity and cultural learning, folk customs usually originate from a) a traumatic event unique to the history of a particular social group. b) the "discovery" of leisure time. c) familiar events in daily life. d) global communications, such as television and the Internet. e) the application of industrial technology.

c) familiar events in daily life.

The diffusion of social media has threatened a) popular culture and folk culture relatively equally. b) folk culture, but only in the largest cities on each continent. c) folk culture more than popular culture. d) the folk customs of only a few isolated communities. e) the spread of the international banking system.

c) folk culture more than popular culture.

In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is more likely to vary a) neither from place to place nor from time to time. b) both from place to place and from time to time, in equal measure. c) from time to time at a given place. d) from place to place at a given time. e) in both time and place only in developed countries.

c) from time to time at a given place.

One of the primary effects of modern communications on social customs has been to a) stimulate the diffusion of folk cultures around the world. b) preserve folk cultures, by increasing awareness of their uniqueness. c) increase the similarity of social customs in different locations. d) have little effect on the diffusion of social customs. e) slow the rate of change.

c) increase the similarity of social customs in different locations.

The organization "Freedom House" measures the a) purchasing power of 16- to 25-year olds in the United States. b) ability of political prisoners to gain access to social media. c) level of Internet and digital freedom across 65 countries. d) use of technology in classrooms. e) ability of U.S. military personnel to use social media while on duty.

c) level of Internet and digital freedom across 65 countries.

Widespread husbandry of pigs would be an ecological disaster in Islam's hearth because a) they would be outcompeted by oil production. b) they can only be raised in the wet winter months. c) pigs would compete with humans for food and water without offering compensating benefits. d) no one would buy them because of the religious taboos. e) pigs represent a sacred animal and freely roam throughout the countryside.

c) pigs would compete with humans for food and water without offering compensating benefits.

Which statement best describes the spatial distribution of the various forms of cyberattacks? a) Malware, designed to take control of a victim's computer in order to steal financial or other information, are the most frequent in the developed world. b) Strict regulations for social media platforms such as Facebook prevent their use to distribute information to influence voter opinion in the United States. c) Most of the victims of ransomware, encryption of a victim's files until a ransom is paid to decrypt them, are concentrated in the United States. d) Even though frequently a victim, the United States is the world's leading originator of cyberattacks. e) Government agencies and corporations in the United States have been the least affected by cyber espionage.

d) Even though frequently a victim, the United States is the world's leading originator of cyberattacks.

Which of the following is TRUE? a) Folk culture rarely varies from place to place at a given time and popular culture variations are limited primarily to large urban centers. b) Folk culture limits variation of popular culture. c) The dominance of popular culture encourages diversity of folk culture. d) Folk culture is more likely to vary from place to place at a given time, while popular culture is more likely to vary from time to time at a given place. e) Popular culture is more likely to vary from place to place at a given time, while folk culture is more likely to vary from time to time at a given place.

d) Folk culture is more likely to vary from place to place at a given time, while popular culture is more likely to vary from time to time at a given place.

Which of the following is an example where popular culture can cause environmental damage by depleting natural resources? a) Fast-food chain restaurants replace locally owned eateries. b) Popular music often replaces folk music when it diffuses to a new area. c) Traditional farming practices lead to soil erosion. d) Golf courses are designed to recreate environments in Scotland. e) Structures such as gas stations, supermarkets, and motels impose uniformity on the landscape.

d) Golf courses are designed to recreate environments in Scotland.

What type of music, reflective of local neighborhood conditions, originated in the late 1970s in the South Bronx? a) New Age b) R & B c) Country & Western d) Hip Hop e) Vaudeville

d) Hip Hop

From which of the folk housing hearths did the Tidewater house emerge? a) Southern Atlantic b) Middle Atlantic c) New England d) Lower Chesapeake e) Southwest

d) Lower Chesapeake

Which of the following statements reflects the environmental impact of uniform cultural experiences? a) Popular culture causes no environmental damage because it is often difficult to tell the difference between "natural" and "modified" landscapes. b) Environments are not affected by the expansion of leisure activities. c) Solid waste is the least visible of wastes generated from the spread of franchises. d) Popular culture may cause a rapid increase in demand for certain natural resources. e) Folk culture never causes environmental impacts because it lacks a uniform spatial distribution.

d) Popular culture may cause a rapid increase in demand for certain natural resources.

Which of the following is a way that the diffusion of popular culture has provided benefits to folk culture? a) Distinctive folk cultures attract tourists from the domain of popular culture. b) Women in folk societies benefit from the expansion of tourism from the developed world, where popular culture regards women as essentially equal. c) Folk cultures benefit from modern technology in the form of mechanical and electric power. d) Portrayal of women in popular culture as equal to men has affected views of the status of women in some folk cultures. e) The practice of paying large dowries has increased the value of women.

d) Portrayal of women in popular culture as equal to men has affected views of the status of women in some folk cultures.

Which aspect of the local environment is the LEAST important for wine production? a) soil types b) proximity to lakes or a river c) climate d) proximity to cities e) topography

d) proximity to cities

If you were living in or visiting a country with a Freedom on the Net score of 50, you would expect to a) be unable to purchase a cellphone or television because these are banned. b) be permitted to visit all websites and enjoy freedom from violation of your user rights. c) be restricted from viewing your favorite sites or watching U.S. TV shows due to censorship of offensive content. d) view some but not all familiar websites and TV stations, a possible blocking of your web access when attending a political event, and to be careful of posting anything critical of local government. e) be harassed for your personal views and blocked from Instagram and Facebook.

d) view some but not all familiar websites and TV stations, a possible blocking of your web access when attending a political event, and to be careful of posting anything critical of local government.

Which of the following is TRUE? a) In contrast to popular culture, folk culture is more likely to vary from time to time at a given place. b) Culture refers to a habit that is widely adopted by a group of people. c) Culture can be defined as a repetitive act that a group performs until it becomes a characteristic of a group. d) Although folk cultures have the same process of origin as popular culture, they have a more limited process of diffusion. e) A collection of social customs produces a group's material culture.

e) A collection of social customs produces a group's material culture.

How did soccer (football) transform into an element of global popular culture from its origin as a folk custom? a) Spanish miners invented the sport to play during breaks. It subsequently diffused throughout Latin America. b) It went from being an obscure local game to a national sport in 1603. c) Danish students originally played a game called "Kick the Dane's Head" and brought it to England in the late 1870s, where it became popular. d) Beginning in the twentieth century, the British exported soccer around the world through colonization. e) Industrialization provided workers with leisure time for organized recreation as well as rising incomes to devote to sports and other activities.

e) Industrialization provided workers with leisure time for organized recreation as well as rising incomes to devote to sports and other activities.

China produces a relatively large amount of pork compared to the countries of Southwestern Asia primarily because a) China's physical environment is less suitable to raising pigs. b) southwestern Asia does not have enough water for pig farming. c) China has more people than the countries of Southwest Asia. d) rice is the main cereal grain grown in China. e) Muslims have a taboo against pork consumption.

e) Muslims have a taboo against pork consumption.

People maintain their folk culture despite exposure to popular culture primarily because of a) a lack of familiarity with technology and the media. b) a fear of foreign influence. c) a concern for protecting the physical environment. d) limited accessibility due to the high cost of popular custom. e) a strong desire to preserve the values and traditions of their unique customs.

e) a strong desire to preserve the values and traditions of their unique customs.

The geographer Vidal de la Blache regarded food supply as a) the weakest available example of a folk custom. b) the folk custom least closely tied to a particular climate. c) a limited resource that would not keep up with population growth. d) more subject to modification than weapons. e) less subject to modification than clothing and weapons.

e) less subject to modification than clothing and weapons.

An outcome of the expansion of popular culture that is unique to women's lives is that they a) are able to grow more food to feed larger families. b) benefit from large dowries. c) are harassed online for their views. d) express folk traditions by wearing conservative dress. e) may become empowered to further their education as seen in popular culture examples.

e) may become empowered to further their education as seen in popular culture examples.

One significant impact of popular culture is to a) promote the diffusion of folk culture. b) spread through relocation diffusion. c) create a more varied and less uniform landscape. d) diffuse at the expense of globalization. e) modify the physical environment.

e) modify the physical environment.

Some features of U.S. popular culture such as gas stations, fast-food franchises, and motels a) reflect the preservation of folk culture. b) show high regional variation. c) provide diversity on the U.S. landscape. d) promote diffusion of folk culture. e) promote a uniform landscape.

e) promote a uniform landscape.

A particular preference for a new clothing style is more likely than a folk custom to a) resist the influences of multinational corporations and globalization. b) evolve rapidly owing to the isolation of different groups. c) reflect the unique characteristics of the physical landscape. d) have an unknown source of origin. e) rapidly diffuse through modern communication and transportation.

e) rapidly diffuse through modern communication and transportation.

Popular culture preferences interest geographers because they illustrate a) that crime shows remain controversial in both rural and urban areas. b) how rural and urban areas show limited variation choice of television programs. c) the extent of time use survey participation. d) that social media is not useful in gathering data on leisure time habits. e) the diffusion of leisure activities across various scales including region, class, and gender.

e) the diffusion of leisure activities across various scales including region, class, and gender.

Terroir refers to a) a group's sense of a healthy diet. b) a group's food taboos. c) the relationship between the physical environment and culture. d) an act of violence that may have been, in part, a reaction against globalization. e) the sum of the effects of the local environment on the way a food product tastes.

e) the sum of the effects of the local environment on the way a food product tastes.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a) A major factor in the diffusion of British football was the relocation of British citizens to other countries. b) The physical environment rarely plays an important role in the development of unique folk customs. c) The origin of popular music is a good example of how folk culture originates. d) Popular culture is more likely to be found in less developed countries. e) The adoption of a folk custom often depends on a person's amount of disposable income.

a) A major factor in the diffusion of British football was the relocation of British citizens to other countries.

Distribution of popular culture around the world is not completely uniform. Which highly populated country does not use the most common social media platform? a) China b) Indonesia c) India d) Egypt e) Nigeria

a) China

Which mechanism best accounts for the rapid diffusion of popular culture throughout the world? a) word of mouth b) print media c) radio technology d) increased migration e) television

e) television

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a) Distinctive cultural and environmental features influence the provision of housing in folk cultures. b) Organized spectator sports represent folk cultures since they commonly originate from anonymous hearths. c) Both soccer and golf have retained their original form since their inception. d) In general, folk culture is more likely to cause greater uniformity on the landscape than popular culture. e) Adoption of Western popular culture seldom results in the elimination of traditional folk culture.

a) Distinctive cultural and environmental features influence the provision of housing in folk cultures.

Which of the following is NOT an example of the cultural influences that shape the distinctive form of folk houses? a) Estonian houses have pitched roofs. b) Laotians arrange their sleeping positions to ensure head positions are not opposite feet. c) Malagasy houses (Madagascar) are built with the main door facing west. d) Fiji eastern walls are considered sacred. e) In south-central Java house front doors face south.

a) Estonian houses have pitched roofs.

The three countries that are most aggressive in their punishments for using Internet to oppose the government and its policies are a) Iran, Syria, and China. b) Iraq, Japan, and Syria. c) Russia, Venezuela, and Vietnam. d) Myanmar, Indonesia, and South Sudan. e) Cuba, Russia, and China.

a) Iran, Syria, and China.

An example of a folk custom used to diffuse information about agriculture is a) Vietnamese songs. b) TED Talks on agriculture. c) Armed Forces Radio. d) Association Football. e) Himalayan hip hop.

a) Vietnamese songs.

A cultural tradition such as folk music can be best associated with geographic location a) because it often reflects conditions in the local environment. b) by tracing it to its hearth. c) through diffusion of folk culture. d) because only some cultures developed music as a practice. e) because of migration.

a) because it often reflects conditions in the local environment.

The diffusion of popular culture is linked to the diffusion of electronic media a) because it speeds the access times that allows people to share popular culture ideas. b) because of acculturation. c) but has spread more slowly than the diffusion of television in the twentieth century. d) only in developed countries. e) as globalization can only take place where there is consistent access to electricity.

a) because it speeds the access times that allows people to share popular culture ideas.