Chapter 4 Quiz

which theory views inequality as the result of economic exploitation

conflict theory

which theory views social class as groups defined by their ownership (or lack of ownership) of capital not by one of skills or expertise

conflict theory

which of the following describes the change in the Gini index scores for the US in the past 60 years?

it has increased dramatically, and almost continuously, since the end of the 1960s

although lacking the higher education or training of middle class, the working class has a standard of living _______ that of the middle class, but with much less stability

similar to

which statement is true about family poverty according to cohen

single parents with children are much more likely to be poor than married couples with children

according to Cohen, most americans identify themselves as

B and C (working class and middle class)

with class identity, a sense of belonging to a specific class, social classes are not just statistical groups of people with similar economic profiles. They ______

a and b (become familiar social settings with distinctive ways of life and patterns of interaction, develop shared patterns of thinking and acting)

the Gini index is

a measure of inequality

which perspective/theory emphasizes barriers between social classes

boxes perspective

parents who work in jobs that require creativity and divergent thinking are more likely to raise their children to value

creativity and divergent thinking

in the same family poverty literature, a rare voice on the other side of the attitudes and behavior debate deserves mention: there are growing behavioral differences between affluent and poor persons. what are those behaviors that deserve mention as potential causes of poverty

education, marriage, and childbearing behaviors

incentives and rewards are created based on the kinds of jobs people have so social class is a continuum from lower to higher rungs on the economic ladder, according to what point of view

functionalism

which theory views the unequal reward system beneficial and necessary to society

functionalism

there are three main reasons behind the continuously increased income inequality: chances in public policy and family structure; the decline of the manufacturing sector and the rise of the new service-oriented economy; and ____

govt. policies that include the deregulation of the finance industry, reduced taxes on certain kinds of income earned by the very rich, and relaxed restrictions on corporate lobbying for those policies

there are two different broad perspectives of social class depicted in chap. 4: the ladder perspective and the boxes perspective. according to cohen, the ladder perspective is _________ orientated whereas the boxes perspective is ________ orientated

individuals; groups

in the family poverty literature, Heuveline and Weinshenker found that in countries with _______, young children--particularly those living with single mothers---were at risk of poverty

more generous family benefits and child-care subsidies

poverty increased dramatically during the 2000s because of all of the following, EXCEPT

poor work ethic

max weber originated the concept of life chances, which refers to

practical opportunity to achieve material success

being a member of a family or other exclusive group gives individual members assess to all of the resources of that group. sociologists call the access to these resources

social capital

we did one in-class assignment focusing on a single mother of two young children living in NY. one thing we learned from the exercise is that children growing up with a single parent face three kinds of scarcity that can make it more difficult to reach the middle and upper class: money, time and _____

social capital

in the family poverty literature, international comparisons pointed to ______ in explaining differing poverty figures rather than ______

the importance of labor market characteristics and variations in state welfare policies; family structure or female employment

one diagram in chapter 4 represents individuals (circles), families (clusters of circles), and social classes (class A vs. B), with social classes separated by a symbolic social boundary (railroad tracks). this diagram indicates that _____

there are many more connections within each social class than there are across the tracks

according to cohen, what is the main limitation of these 2 theories of social class: the division of labor and exploitation

they can't explain the complication of social class within families